An approach to studying heavy metal pollution caused by modern city development in Nanjing, China

 Nanjing is currently one of the fastest developing regions in terms of construction and economy in China. Heavy metal pollution is becoming more serious with the expansion of production and life scales. Four environmental units (highway, refinery, rubbish dumps associated with human daily life, and shoal of the Yangtse River) were selected from the region according to the geneses of the pollution to study and evaluate the distribution and mechanism of the contamination, the speciations of the polluting elements, and the geneses of the pollution in the soils and sediments. The purposes of the study are to understand generally the current situation and the cause of the pollution, and to provide a scientific basis to prevent and solve the pollution problem. At the same time, it would be helpful to probe the effective way of studying heavy metal pollution resulting from the development of modern cities and to accumulate data. It is indicated by the study that the heavy metals contained in the soil of the environmental unit of the highway are Pb, Co and Cr; in the soil of the refinery Cr, V, Pb, Ni, and Co; in the soil of the rubbish plot Co, Cu, and Sb; in the sediments of the shoal Pb, Co, Cu, and Ni. Fe-Mn oxide is given the first place to the speciations in polluting heavy metals transmitted by air. Carbonate is more in speciations of polluting heavy metals transmitted by water than in speciations of the metals transmitted by air. In the ten elements studied, Pb is most directly poisonous to the plants in the region; Co and Cu are the next, and Ni is the least. Heavy metal pollution has been occurring in the soils and sediments of the region and the situation will worsen if some effective measures are not taken. Received: 18 October 1997 · Accepted: 3 February 1998     

Analysis of the Dynamic Performance of an Underground Excavation in Jointed Rock under Repeated Seismic Loading

Results from field observations of dynamic behaviour of an underground excavation have been compared with numerical studies of the rock deformation history. The field behaviour shows progressive accumulation of rock displacement and excavation deformation under successive episodes of dynamic loading. It is possible to reproduce the modes of rock response quite well using a Distinct Element model of the rock mass, but the way displacements develop is dependent on the joint model used in the analysis. It is suggested that, in rock masses subject to repeated dynamic loading, excavation design may need to take account of the prospect of repeated episodes of transient loading at the excavation site.     

利用干涉图确定成像质量

从像质的概念出发,导出了像质评定的简单公式。在干涉图的每个选定点上测量条纹间的间隔和角度来计算几何光线的斜率误差,然后把这些角度误差画在一张图纸上用以表示几何点扩散函数的角度大小,可以方便而简洁地评定成像质量,避免了复杂的计算。     

局部地形校正的精密算法

对局部地形校正中的中央区奇异积分部分进行非奇变换,使用Simpson公式和Cotes公式推导出两种中央区的数值计算方法。试算结果表明,新方法可有效地提高地形校正的精度。     

原子Na的电子碰撞电离

使用Ｒ矩阵方法, 在扭曲波和库仑玻恩近似下计算了入射电子能量为２０ ｅＶ、５０ｅＶ 及１００ ｅＶ 原子Ｎａ 的电子碰撞电离截面, 并详细给出了入射电子能量为５０ ｅＶ 时的能量微分截面及分波能量微分截面。计算结果揭示了明显的Ｒｙｄｅｒｇ 系列共振, 并使用量子亏损理论对结果进行分析和讨论, 展示了Ｒｙｄｅｒｇ 系列共振的丰富内容。     

黄山旅游气候指南

通过对黄山地区气候特征的概括,对各具特色的气象景观及其出现季节,时段的分析和计算,为有关部门合理安排旅游计划。为广大游客根据自身具体情况选择理想的旅游季节提供了指导性的参考意见。     

用单多卜勒雷达确定中尺度气旋环流中心及最大风速半径

首先给出具有 Ｒａｎｋｉｎｅ 模式的中尺度气旋的模拟多卜勒径向速度图,然后利用多卜勒雷达观测的径向速度与实际气流间的几何关系,提出一种确定近似轴对称的中尺度气旋中心及最大风速半径的方法。     

塔中地区中上奥陶统台地镶边体系分析

塔里木盆地塔中地区中上奥陶统碳酸盐岩台地边缘以发育良好的多种粒屑滩和生物礁组成的镶边沉积体系为特征。通过精细的单井相分析,识别出砂屑滩、砾屑滩、生屑滩以及鲕粒滩等,并且区分出3种不同类型的生物礁：①隐藻灰泥丘;②主要由枝状苔藓虫、海绵或（和）珊瑚建造的障积礁;③由石质海绵、托盘类、层孔虫、珊瑚、管孔藻等建造的骨架礁。在面向深水盆地的台缘外带,以发育中～高能粒屑滩和骨架礁组合为特征。在背靠开阔海台地的台缘内带,主要表现为中低能粒屑滩、隐藻灰泥丘以及障积礁的组合。这个台缘镶边沉积体系总体上沿塔中1号断层西侧呈北西-南东向长带状展布,长度100多公里,是本区重要的油气聚集带之一。储层质量台缘外带总体上优于台缘内带,其中骨架礁礁核和粒屑滩灰岩最好,礁间海和滩间海沉积物较差。     

1998年四川汛期旱涝预测方法评述

对１９９８年汛期（６－８月）旱涝趋势预测方法进行了回顾,并结合１９９８年汛期旱涝成因对方法中考虑的物理因子作了分析。