Multi-temporal scale modeling on climatic-hydrological processes in data-scarce mountain basins of Northwest China

Previous studies showed that the climatic processes drive the streamflow of the inland river in Northwest China. However, it is difficult to quantitatively assess the climatic-hydrological processes in the ungauged mountainous basins because of the scarce data. This research developed an integrated approach for multi-temporal scale modeling the climatic-hydrological processes in data-scarce mountain basins of Northwest China by combining downscaling method (DM), backpropagation artificial neural network (BPANN), and wavelet regression (WR). To validate the approach, we also simulated the climatic-hydrological processes at different temporal scales in a typical data-scarce mountain basin, the Kaidu River Basin in Northwest China. The main results are as follows: (i) the streamflow is related with regional climatic change as well as atmosphere-ocean variability, (ii) the BPANN model well simulated the nonlinear relationship between the streamflow and temperature and precipitation at the monthly temporal scale, and (iii) although the annual runoff (AR) appears to have fluctuations, there are significant correlations among AR, annual average temperature (AAT), annual precipitation (AP), and oscillation indices, which can be simulated by equations of WR at different temporal scales of years.     

水热条件下黄铁矿片、板状晶体的微结构

利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)系统观测了黄铁矿片、板状晶体的微结构,发现在水热条件下生成的黄铁矿片、板状晶体具有正方形、矩形等多种形貌。其中,正方形较多,矩形次之,另可见到一些其他不规则形状。黄铁矿片、板状晶生长完好,未见缺陷。经测定多数四边形片状黄铁矿的两组边分别平行(010)和(100),其生长晶面为(001);个别四边形片状黄铁矿的两组边分别平行(010)和(101),其生长晶面为(101),矩形片状黄铁矿长轴生长方向为001。在水热条件下黄铁矿以多形貌出现,黄铁矿的片、板状晶体多数是沿(001)面生长的结果,(001)为黄铁矿片、板状晶体的主要二维生长面,并沿001方向扩展,构成了二维晶体。     

大别山双河超高压变质岩的稳定同位素研究

大别山双河地区片麻岩的δ18O值与共生榴辉岩同步变化，为（-4.7—+10.3）‰，这些片麻岩的18O亏损与榴辉岩一样是在遭受超高压变质作用之前原岩与大气降水交换的结果。榴辉岩及其围岩片麻岩在板块俯冲、超高压变质和岩片折返过程中可能为一个构造上的整体，两者为“原地”接触关系。     

“含煤系统”地质要素分析及描述

在构建＂含煤系统＂及子系统的基础上,分析了＂含煤系统＂的主要地质要素以及＂含煤系统＂中各地质作用类型。研究表明：＂含煤系统＂的构建关键是系统边界的确定,由于＂含煤系统＂具有特定的地区、地层与时代范围,因此可以通过研究煤系形成时代、展布范围等基本地质要素进行分类和描述。     

Comparison of magnetic parameters with vehicular Br levels in urban roadside soils

Chemical methods are generally chosen to monitor soil pollution but magnetic measurements proved to yield additional information at low cost and less time consumption. In this investigation, the novel use of rapid and non-destructive magnetic measurements to characterize Br levels in Xuzhou (China) urban roadside soils was reported. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) was used to quantify Br in the soil samples. Data from 21 roadside soil samples confirm Br contamination, with a mean level of 4.36 mg kg⁻¹ and a range of 2.4–8.7 mg kg⁻¹. These values are higher than that of unpolluted soils in Xuzhou that averages 1.1 mg kg⁻¹. Hierarchical clustering analysis shows Br in Xuzhou roadside soils is mainly from road traffic. Clear correlations between Br levels and simple magnetic parameters [mass specific susceptibility (χ _LF), susceptibility of anhysteretic remanent magnetization (χ _ARM), saturation isothermal remanence (SIRM)] are observed. The present study shows that these three magnetic parameters can be used as a proxy for Br levels in Xuzhou urban roadside soils.     

岩石圈深部的水及其意义探讨

在对水的相图、典型地区的地温曲线、矿物的脱水行为及一些矿物和岩石的含水量等研究的基础上指出,以１５．５～２５．１ｋｍ深度为界,在该深度以上的岩石圈浅部水是液态,而在该深度以下的岩石圈深部水是气态,水以矿物的结构水形式被带入到１５．５～２５．１ｋｍ深度以下的岩石圈中,若矿物结构水完全脱出,在储冲带中水临界温度至矿物脱结构水的极限温度相对应的的区域内（如秦岭１５．５～６４．０ｋｍ）,平均含水量的０．５～１．０％,讨论了在岩石圈深部矿物脱水作用与局高压环境、高导低速带之间的成因联系。     

云南鹤庆—丽江地区锰资源量预测：资源量模型法的应用

云南鹤庆—丽江地区是我国著名的优质富锰矿产区,已探明储量超过300×10~4t。然而该区的锰资源量前景如何?本文试图运用资源量模型法,将鹤庆矿区作为已知模型区,通过模型区与预测区的特征分析,求出类比系数。最后通过随机抽样模拟,得出各种概率下预测区锰资源量估计值。