阿霉素性心肌病大鼠左心室肌纤维化程度与缝隙连接蛋白的变化

目的 探讨阿霉素性心肌病大鼠发生心律失常的发病机制。方法 健康wistar雄性大鼠20只,体重200g,适应周围环境1周后,随机将20只wistar雄性大鼠分为对照组（n=10）和阿霉素（ADR）组（n=10）。ADR组的大鼠在1周内进行3次腹腔注射ADR 2mg/kg;同时对照组则进行3次腹腔注射0.9%NaCl （2ml/kg）,停药后让两组大鼠自由饮食4周。7周后对两组大鼠行心脏彩超检测,左心室舒张末径（LVEDd）与左心室收缩末期内径（LVESd）及左心室射血分数（LVEF）,行VG染色观察各组大鼠心肌纤维化情况;扫描电镜染色观察左心室心肌细胞闰盘病理学变化;两组大鼠心肌结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）、转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）、N型钙黏蛋白（N-cad）、桥粒芯糖蛋白（DSG2）表达应用ELISA法检测;采用Western blot法检测两组大鼠的心肌细胞Cx40 、Cx43、p-Cx43蛋白表达。结果 与对照组相比,阿霉素组大鼠明显出现心室重构,并易出现心律失常;电镜下观察ADR组大鼠心肌细胞闰盘破损严重,间隙增宽,VG染色显示ADR组大鼠病理积分明显高于对照组（P<0.05）;ADR组大鼠相较于对照组大鼠心室肌中CTGF、TGF-β1的表达升高显著,N-cad、DSG2、Cx40、Cx43及p-Cx43的表达明显减低（P<0.05）。结论 ADR组大鼠可能由于心室肌细胞纤维化、闰盘结构受损、缝隙连接重构等原因导致心律失常。     

Classifying natural-language spatial relation terms with random forest algorithm

The exponential growth of natural language text data in social media has contributed a rich data source for geographic information. However, incorporating such data source for GIS analysis faces tremendous challenges as existing GIS data tend to be geometry based while natural language text data tend to rely on natural language spatial relation (NLSR) terms. To alleviate this problem, one critical step is to translate geometric configurations into NLSR terms, but existing methods to date (e.g. mean value or decision tree algorithm) are insufficient to obtain a precise translation. This study addresses this issue by adopting the random forest (RF) algorithm to automatically learn a robust mapping model from a large number of samples and to evaluate the importance of each variable for each NLSR term. Because the semantic similarity of the collected terms reduces the classification accuracy, different grouping schemes of NLSR terms are used, with their influences on classification results being evaluated. The experiment results demonstrate that the learned model can accurately transform geometric configurations into NLSR terms, and that recognizing different groups of terms require different sets of variables. More importantly, the results of variable importance evaluation indicate that the importance of topology types determined by the 9-intersection model is weaker than metric variables in defining NLSR terms, which contrasts to the assertion of ‘topology matters, metric refines’ in existing studies.     

Primary investigation of statistical correlation between changes in ice volume and area of glaciers

This study makes an attempt to investigate through statistical analysis the correlation between changes in ice volume and area of glaciers. Using data from nine sample glaciers in the Tian Shan, the results show that a linear relation exists between changes in ice volume and area, with a correlation coefficient of 0.700. However, the accuracy estimation is difficult due to the limited number of samples. The correlation was not improved after adding eleven glacier samples in other mountains. Two reference glaciers are then analyzed in more detail. The linear correlation coefficient is higher than 0.800 when using the observed changes in ice volume and area during different periods on Urumqi Glacier No. 1, which suggests that the linear relation is valid for one glacier for different periods if its shape does not change noticeably and also for other glaciers of the same shape during the same period. The relation between changes in ice volume and area of Qingbingtan Glacier No. 72 is different during different periods due to change in the shape of the glacier tongue and the influence of the debris cover. Moreover, errors in glacier-change monitoring and-volume estimation have an important influence on the correlation results. Therefore, further study needs to focus not only on the distinction between glacier types and between different periods but also on the accuracy of volume estimation.     

A method to obtain soil-moisture estimates over bare agricultural fields in arid areas by using multi-angle RADARSAT-2 data

Soil moisture is an important parameter for agriculture, meteorological, and hydrological studies. This paper focuses on soil-moisture estimation methodology based on the multi-angle high-and low-incidence-angle mode RADARSAT-2 data obtained over bare agricultural fields in an arid area. Backscattering of the high-and low-incidence angles is simulated by using AIEM(advanced integral equation model), with the surface-roughness estimation model built based on the simulated data. Combining the surface-roughness estimation model with the backscattering model of the low-incidence-angle mode, a soil-moisture estimation method is put forward. First, the natural logarithm(ln) of soil moisture was obtained and then the soil moisture calculated. Soil moisture of the study area in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, was obtained based on this method; a good agreement was observed between the estimated and measured soil moisture. The coefficient of determination was 0.85, and the estimation precision reached 4.02% in root mean square error(RMSE). The results illustrate the high potential of the approach developed and RADARSAT-2 data to monitor soil moisture.     

机场群航线网络竞合评价方法及实证探讨——以粤港澳大湾区世界级机场群为例

航线网络是机场群市场竞争-合作（竞合）的重要内容。借助图论、集合论、产业经济等理论方法,从整体性市场及交互式市场两个视角探索并建立机场群航线网络竞合关系的量化评价模型,并基于粤港澳大湾区世界级机场群开展实证分析,研究表明：1）从整体市场竞争视角分析,大湾区机场群航点竞合市场由完全垄断市场与弱合作市场主导,但竞争程度在逐步强化;同类通航点的航线竞合指数存在较大的差异性及复杂性,但竞争程度也呈现加剧态势。2）从交互式竞争视角分析,大湾区机场群航线网络的竞合格局整体呈现由合作型向竞争型转变的态势,且航线竞争水平大于通航航点竞争。     

Comparing the seasonal variation of parameter estimation of ecosystem carbon exchange between alpine meadow and cropland in Heihe River Basin, northwestern China

Grasslands and agro-ecosystems occupy one-third of the global terrestrial area. However, great uncertainty still exists about their contributions to the global carbon cycle. This study used various com...     

乌兰布和沙漠东南缘白沙蒿(Artemisia sphaerocphala)灌丛沙堆形态特征与固沙能力

白沙蒿(Artemisia sphaerocphala)灌丛沙堆是乌兰布和沙漠最为广泛分布的典型荒漠灌丛沙堆之一。本研究对白沙蒿灌丛的灌丛形态参数、沙堆形态参数进行了野外测定,探讨沙堆形态发育及固沙能力与白沙蒿灌丛形态的关系。结果表明:白沙蒿灌丛高度随着灌丛半径的增加而呈对数曲线增加,在灌丛较小时灌丛高度增长较快,随后渐趋于稳定,其水平方向发育速度大于垂直方向;白沙蒿灌丛沙堆半径及高度随灌丛半径和高度增加而增加,二者呈显著线性关系,沙堆水平方向发育受到灌丛冠幅的影响,沙堆垂直方向的发育水平取决于灌丛高度;随白沙蒿地上部分鲜重的增加,灌丛沙堆底面积、高度、沙堆体积和固沙效率均呈极显著线性增加(p0.01);白沙蒿灌丛越大其固积沙堆也越大,固沙率越高,不同大小灌丛白沙蒿间的固沙效率差异显著(p0.05);白沙蒿灌丛背风侧的积沙宽度(y)与积沙距离(x)显著相关(R2=0.9917),其线性回归方程为y=-19.654x+122.41,在距离灌丛背风面6~7倍高度的地方,积沙接近消失。     

Spatiotemporal distribution and historical evolution of polders in the Dongting Lake area,China

Dongting Lake is the largest lake in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in China. For centuries, people inhabiting the Dongting Lake area have been reclaiming land and constructing dams for flood resistance, agricultural production, and rural settlement, forming geographical entities known as polders. In this study, the regional spatial distributions of polders in the Dongting Lake area in 1949, 1998, and 2013 were obtained using historical maps and modern remotely sensed data, revealing changes since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China. Nanxian County was then selected to demonstrate polder changes at the county level, because it has undergone the most dramatic changes in the area. Different polder change models for the Datonghu, Yule, and Renhe polders were analyzed for eight periods: 1644 (the early Qing Dynasty), 1911 (the late Qing Dynasty), 1930 (the Republic of China), 1949 (the People’s Republic of China), 1963, 1970, 1998, and 2013. Three resulting polder evolution models are: 1) reclaiming polders from lakes, 2) integrating polders by stream merging, and 3) abandoning polders for flood release. The polder evolution models demonstrate the wisdom of local people in using land resources according to the specific regional conditions. Throughout their long-term historical evolution, the spatial distribution of polders in the Dongting Lake area tended to be homogeneous, and the degree of human disturbance tended to be stable. However, a shift occurred, from pure polder area growth or removal to more comprehensive management and protection of the regional environment.     

容积率地价修正系数实证研究

以66个城市容积率地价修正系数为样本,以容积率比值和地价修正系数的关系为基础,对样本容积率地价修正系数进行归纳分析。部分样本存在标准容积率设定不规范、地价修正系数表现形式不科学、修正系数上限过低等问题。提出了编制容积率地价修正系数应注意的问题,并建议修订《城镇土地估价规程》(GB/T 18508—2014),在其中增加标准容积率设定方法、容积率地价修正系数编制方法等内容,增强《城镇土地估价规程》的指导作用,提高容积率地价修正系数的科学性和实用性。