Biogeochemistry of Nutrient Elements in the Changjiang （Yangtze River） Estuary

Introduction The estuarine and coastal waters are nutrient-enriched and the nutrient ratios have been altered as a result of the changed riverine input due to land-use change and anthropogenic nutrient emission over the last century [1, 2]. Estuarine and coastal ecosystems respond to such changes in nutrient budgets by shifting population dynamics of phytoplankton and hence of the rest of the food web, leading to changes in top-down as well as bottom-up control of community structures [3]. Sin…     

Occurrence and environmental implications of magnetic iron sulfides in stiff muds from the continental shelf of the East China Sea

Magnetic properties were measured on 370 vibrocores obtained from the outer continental shelf of the East China Sea, with the aim of reconstructing environmental changes during the late Quaternary. High SIRM/χ values (>25 kA m⁻¹) found in stiff muds of late Pleistocene age suggest the presence of magnetic iron sulfides, especially greigite. Framboidal aggregates of greigite were further identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and attached energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analyses, as well as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of the magnetic separates. The occurrence of magnetic iron sulfides indicates the complex oxidation–reduction of the stiff muds, resulting from exposure and inundation during the last glacial maximum (LGM) and the post-glacial transgression, respectively.     

Numerical simulation of random wave slamming on structures in the splash zone

The numerical investigation of random wave slamming on superstructures of marine structures in the splash zone is presented in this paper. The impact pressures on the underside of the structure are computed based on the improved volume of fluid method (VOF). The governing equations are Reynolds time-averaged equations and the two equation k– model. The third order upwind difference scheme is applied to the convection term to reduce the effect of numerical viscosity. The numerical wave flume with random wave-maker suitable for VOF is established. Appropriate moving contact-line boundary conditions are introduced to the model wave in contact with and separated from the underside of structure. Parametric studies have been carried out for different incident waves, structure dimensions and structure clearance. The numerical results are verified by the experimental results.     

大菱鲆体重和主要体型比率性状的遗传动态分析

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of body width(BW)to body length(BL)ratio(BW/BL)and of body weight traits(BWT)in turbot,and to elucidate the genetic mechanism of the two traits during ontogeny by dynamic genetic analysis.From 3 to 27 months,BW,BL and BWT of each communally stocked fish were measured every 3 months.The BW/BL ratio was measured at different sampling ages.A twotrait animal model was used for genetic evaluation of traits.The results showed that the heritability values of BW/BL ratio ranged from 0.2168 to 0.3148,corresponding to moderate heritability.The BWT heritability values ranged from 0.2702 to 0.3479 corresponding to moderate heritability.The heritability of BW/BL ratio was lower than that of BWT,except at 3 months of age.Genetic correlation between BW/BL ratio and BWT decreased throughout the measurement period.Genetic correlations were higher than the phenotypic correlations.The current results for estimating genetic parameters demonstrate that the BW/BL ratio could be used as a phenotypic marker of fast-growing turbot,and the BW/BL ratio and BWT could be improved simultaneously through selective breeding.     

DNA分子标记在水生动物遗传学上的研究进展

遗传变异是生物的重要特征之一，它决定着生物的存在和发展，因而成为人类一直极力要揭开其奥秘并进行能动性改造的方面之一。随着分子生物学理论和技术的发展，以及与水生生物遗传学的相互渗透，近十几年来，分子标记、基因克隆和基因转移技术取得了惊人的进展，一些新基因目前已稳定地转人多种水生生物中。目前分子标记辅助选择育种和基因转移已成为培育新品种的有效手段。与主要的农作物相比，水生生物大多数性状均表现为数量遗传、个体基因组高度杂合、进行传统的遗传育种非常耗资、费时和费力。分子生物学技术的介入，特别是DNA分子标记技术的发展和应用，对水生动物遗传学研究起到了巨大的推动作用。DNA分子标记大多是以DNA片段的电泳谱带形式表现的。依据其遗传特性，可分为显性和共显性标记两种。依据其在基因组中的出现频率，又可分为低拷贝序列标记和重复序列标记。依其多态性检出所用的分子生物学技术，可分为以Southern杂交技术为基础的分子标记，     

深度学习在水声目标识别中的应用研究

水声目标识别技术是水声信号处理的重要组成部分,是水声信息获取与水声信息对抗的重要技术支撑。针对水声目标识别时探测数据量大、自动化程度不高、识别效率低下等问题,研究了深度学习在水声目标识别中的应用。首先,介绍了水声目标识别技术的研究现状及当前形势下面临的挑战。然后,对深度学习的网络结构原理及改进型进行了分析,并分别对深度学习在水声声信号识别领域和水声图像信号识别领域的应用现状做了阐述。最后,指出了由于受当前技术条件和水下复杂环境的制约,此方法尚且存在着不足之处。该方法为进一步优化深度学习算法、拓展深度学习技术应用范畴、提升水声目标识别效率提供了参考。     

基于RT-Thread的波浪滑翔器控制系统设计与实现

波浪滑翔器是一种新型海洋无人自主航行器,拥有无污染、能耗低、续航时间长、航程远、生存能力强等诸多特点,已逐步成为国内外研究的热点。控制系统作为波浪滑翔器的重要组成部分之一,它的稳定与准确性直接影响着波浪滑翔器的航行性能尤其是走航和定点的控位精度。介绍了一种基于 RT-Thread 实时操作系统的波浪滑翔器控制系统设计,通过多次海上长时间连续试验表明,基于 RT-Thread 的波浪滑翔器控制系统具有良好的准确性和可靠性。     

SMAP卫星海表盐度产品的检验与校正

In this study, sea surface salinity(SSS) Level 3(L3) daily product derived from soil moisture active passive(SMAP)during the year 2016, was validated and compared with SSS daily products derived from soil Moisture and ocean salinity(SMOS) and in-situ measurements. Generally, the root mean square error(RMSE) of the daily SSS products is larger along the coastal areas and at high latitudes and is smaller in the tropical regions and open oceans. Comparisons between the two types of daily satellite SSS product revealed that the RMSE was higher in the daily SMOS product than in the SMAP, whereas the bias of the daily SMOS was observed to be less than that of the SMAP when compared with Argo floats data. In addition, the latitude-dependent bias and RMSE of the SMAP SSS were found to be primarily influenced by the precipitation and the sea surface temperature(SST). Then, a regression analysis method which has adopted the precipitation and SST data was used to correct the larger bias of the daily SMAP product. It was confirmed that the corrected daily SMAP product could be used for assimilation in high-resolution forecast models, due to the fact that it was demonstrated to be unbiased and much closer to the in-situ measurements than the original uncorrected SMAP product.     

A new pelagic Polyconchoecia Xiang, Chen and Du, 2018 (Ostracoda: Myodocopa: Halocyprididae) from the South China Sea

Halocyprid ostracods are appreciable part of ostracods floating through virtually everywhere in marine environment.In this study,we describe a new species of genus Polyconchoecia Xiang,Chen and Du,2018,tribe Conchoeciini Chavtur and Angel,2011,family Halocyprididae Dana,1853 from the middle of the South China Sea.Polyconchoecia chenii sp.nov.is very close to P.commixtus Xiang,Chen and Du,2018.But it differs from P.commixtus by the distinctions of locations of major glands of carapace and the characteristics of appendages:more posteriorly situated left asymmetric gland of carapace,no right asymmetric gland;segmented frontal organ;the endopod 2 of the first antenna with a very small seta;a-and c-setae of the first antenna with long end joint have long end joint,the b-and d-setae have no end joint,spinose e-seta without end joint;the e-seta of the second antenna is present;teeth side is distinctive;the setal counts of the mandible,maxilla,fifth limb,and sixth limb are individual.The locations of the major glands on carapace and the characteristics of the first antenna can be the key of the new species.This work is the second discovery of the genus Polyconchoecia from the world.     

军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)幼鱼对环境低氧胁迫氧化应激与能量利用指标的响应

本文探究环境低氧对军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)氧化应激和能量利用指标的影响,为军曹鱼的健康养殖提供参考依据。通过设置低氧胁迫–恢复实验,将军曹鱼幼鱼(平均体质量(220.67±20.73)g)在低氧((2.64±0.25)mg/L)胁迫3 h及复氧((6.34±0.15)mg/L)8 h、24 h和48 h后,测定其肝脏和肌肉组织的氧化应激与能量利用指标。结果显示,低氧胁迫后,肝脏中丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(Glutathione Reductase,GR)活力均显著低于对照组(p<0.05),乳酸脱氢酶(Lactate Dehydrogenase,LDH)活性显著高于对照组(p <0.05);肌肉中MDA和脂质过氧化物(Lipid Peroxidase,LPO)活性均显著低于对照组(p<0.05),超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)和LDH活性均显著高于对照组(p<0.05);肌糖原和肝糖原含量极显著低于对照组(p<0.0...