青藏高原500hpa暖性高压生成的热成风适应机制

本文利用热成风适应原理,采取分解分析法对青藏高原500hpa暖性高压的生成机制作了一些定性和定量的讨论。结果表明:在扰动的水平尺度大于热成风适应的特征尺度的条件下,当源地有明显的负值非热成风涡度出现时,流场将向温度场适应,而温度场由于高原的加热作用存在暖中心或暖脊,则适应的结果在高原大气500hpa形成暖性高压,并伴随高层辐合,低层辐散及下沉运动。     

用地基GPS资料分析大气可降水汽总量

利用“中国地壳运动监测网络”和三峡监测网的地基GPS资料，通过Bernese软件以及根据Bevis等和Rocken等水汽解算原理编制的水汽解算软件。获得了武汉、巴东、兴山、泸州等长江流域测站大气可降水汽总量分布和时间间隔为2小时的GPS遥感大气可降水汽序列，并与站点雨量及区域面雨量进行对比分析，结果表明：地基GPS遥感水汽量变化与地面降水有很好的相关性。而且GPS遥感水汽变化序列峰值对应于强降水提前了8～22小时。有助于强降水特别是突发性强降水的预测；多个站点的GPS遥感水汽总量联合分析，对于区域水汽总量变化研究有一定意义。     

Study on methods of land use dynamic monitoring at county level

Remote sensing technique has played an important role in land use dynamic monitoring, but as for the land use dynamic monitoring at county level, traditional remote sensing methods such as satellite imagery visual interpretation and computer classification can not meet its demand for accuracy. The result of 1: 10 000 land use investigation map has high accuracy, but this method can not be used to dynamically monitor the land use because of its big expenses, long period and difficulty in updating data. In this paper, the characteristics of physiognomy, climate and the status of land use in Dehui County are taken into consideration and a set of method, which takes use of 3S techniques and applies to Northeast China Plain, is come up with. When the land use type of a land parcel changed as a whole, the date updating can be make by changing its land type ID in the attribute table in a GIS. When the land use type of an irregular area changed, GPS receivers are used to position its border. This set of method is characteristic of high accuracy and low expenses. It gets the information of land use change timely and can be used to dynamically monitor the land use. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the key project of the National Ninth Five-year Plan (96-B02-01-07). Biography: LI Lin-yi (1968 —), female, a native of Jilin, Ph. D. candidate of Changchun Institute of Geography, the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Her research interest includes land use change monitoring and crop yield estimation using “3S” techniques.     

Sea-Level Change Over the China Sea and Its Vicinity Derived from 25-Year T/P Series Altimeter Data

The characteristics of sea-level change in the China Sea and its vicinity are studied by combining TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P), Jason-1, Jason-2, and Jason-3 altimeter data. First, the sea-surface height is computed by using monthly data via collinear adjustment, regional selection, and crossover adjustment. The sea-level anomaly (SLA) from October 1992 to July 2017 is calculated based on the difference that is obtained by the value derived from the inverse distance weighting method to interpolate the CNES_CLS15 model value at a normal point. By analyzing the satellite data at the same time in orbit, three mean bias groups over the China Sea and its vicinity are obtained: the difference between T/P and Jason-1 is ??11.76 cm, the difference between Jason-1 and Jason-2 is 9.6 cm, and the difference between Jason-2 and Jason-3 is 2.42 cm. To establish an SLA series for 25 years in the study area, the SLAs are corrected. Mean rate of sea-level rise of the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea of 4.87 mm/a, 2.68 mm/a, 2.88 mm/a, and 4.67 mm/a, respectively, is found by analyzing the series of SLAs.     

浑河断裂带地质灾害发育特征及其成因机制

浑河断裂带是辽宁抚顺地区最为重要的一条活动断裂。为了深入调查沿浑河断裂带地质灾害发育情况,了解灾害形成与先存断裂之间的关系,为同类型灾害的防治和预警提供科学依据。本文采用现场调查方法,结合地面变形监测资料,厘清了浑河断裂带灾害类型和发育规律,剖析了断裂带灾害的形成机理。研究结果表明：断裂隐伏区地裂缝发育,主要沿浑河断裂带分支断裂展布,裂缝延伸长度300～2 400 m;其成因是抚顺城区南部采矿活动诱发了先存软弱断裂面局部拉裂、张开,进而向地表扩展、贯通,形成地裂缝。在断裂延伸的基岩地区沿断裂破碎带及影响带发育小型滑坡,主滑方向与断裂走向垂直或大角度斜交;其形成机制与岩体内部发育的结构面有关,尤其是顺坡向优势结构面的发育,其与坡体耦合形成易滑结构体,在长期降雨作用下,结构面软化、贯通及岩土体加速蠕滑,最终形成滑坡。     

南海天然气水合物资源勘查战略接替区初步分析与预测

二十多年来,南海天然气水合物勘查评价均主要集中在南海北部大陆边缘陆坡深水区,且先后在珠江口盆地神狐、珠江口盆地东部海域调查区和琼东南盆地陵水-松南调查区取得了天然气水合物勘查试采的重大突破及进展,陆续发现了两个大规模的天然气水合物藏,初步评价预测南海天然气水合物资源规模达800亿吨油当量左右,取得了南海天然气水合物勘探的阶段性重大成果.然而,南海天然气水合物资源进一步深化和拓展勘探的有利领域在哪里？尤其是可持续滚动勘探的战略接替区及选区在何处？其与目前陆坡深水油气及水合物勘探紧密相邻的外陆坡-洋陆过渡带（OCT）乃至洋盆区是否具有天然气水合物形成的地质条件？根据海洋地质调查及初步的地质综合分析研究,认为外陆坡-洋陆过渡带乃至洋盆区具备天然气水合物成藏的基本地质条件,可作为南海未来天然气水合物勘查的战略接替区和可持续滚动勘探的战略选区及资源远景区.针对这些影响和决定将来天然气水合物勘探决策部署及走向等关键问题进行初步分析与探讨,抛砖引玉希望能够对未来南海天然气水合物资源勘查评价及战略接替区之选择有所裨益！      

区域地下水流理论的发展历程与教材演变

Tóth提出的区域地下水流理论为盆地尺度地下水循环研究提供了定量分析方法.从4个方面总结区域地下水流理论发展历程,对比国外多本水文地质学教科书对区域地下水流理论的描述情况,系统梳理我国《水文地质学基础》教科书自1986到2018年的4个版本对区域地下水理论描述的演变情况.分析认为,我国《水文地质学基础》教科书对我国学者开展区域地下水流研究发挥了重要的推动作用,最后提出了区域地下水流理论有待解决的科学问题和引导更多青年学生从事该领域研究的建议.     

双重含水介质水文地质参数的高分辨率识别

某火山岩矿区由于受后期构造影响,含水介质除了发育成岩裂隙-孔洞外,还发育有多组构造裂隙和剪切破碎带。抽水试验显示:抽水早期(≤6min)各观测孔的降深明显大于泰斯理论降深(单重均质),中后期(6min)趋于一致,呈现出双重含水介质的释水特征。本次研究在充分分析双重介质释水机理的基础上,结合时间步长为20s的高分辨率降深资料,采用分段泰斯模型进行了水文地质参数的识别。结果表明:剪切破碎带等强导水介质的弹性给水度略小于成岩裂隙-孔洞弱导水介质的弹性给水度;但导水系数相差很大,强导水介质一般为5 590~6 130m2/d,而弱导水介质仅715~743m2/d,这必然会导致未来矿山开拓过程中初见涌水量和稳定涌水量的显著差异,需要引起足够的重视。