风暴生命史雷达特征量反演

从风暴演变各阶段物理特征出发, 基于多普勒雷达观测的三维反射率因子, 定义物理量———单体重力势能。结果表明:单体重力势能是一个能够简洁、客观描述风暴单体整体强度的物理量; 利用该物理量可描述单体生命史为发展和减弱两个基本过程; 单体重力势能大小有助于辨别风暴类型和强度。同时, 生成和分析了风暴单体演变各阶段的反射率因子垂直廓线, 分析表明:在30~150 km的雷达观测范围内, 风暴单体的反射率因子垂直廓线 (降水廓线) 及其随时间的变化能较好地揭示风暴的垂直结构和生命史演变特征, 但没有用重力势能那样简洁。     

石器功能研究的现代模拟实验:石刀表面残留物中淀粉粒来源分析

淀粉粒分析在国内外环境考古学研究中得到了大量应用,但是目前国内还没有关于淀粉粒分析、石器功能与植物利用关系的现代过程研究.本研究针对石刀这一新石器时代重要的生产和生活工具开展现代过程的模拟实验,尝试利用淀粉粒分析方法验证石刀功能及其加工的植物类型.我们利用打制的简易石片模拟石刀,对未成熟和成熟的小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)进行了共两次割穗操作,提取并观察石片割穗后不同部位表面残留物中的淀粉粒形态及其组合.实验结果表明,石片表面残留物中的淀粉粒主要来源于小麦秸秆;小麦秸秆淀粉粒的A型和B型淀粉粒(未成熟和成熟小麦秸秆淀粉粒——A+B型淀粉粒,含量分别为90.91％和92.59％)分别与其成熟籽粒的A型和B型淀粉粒形态、大小相似,具备形态鉴定的特征;小麦秸秆中还发现了独特的多面体型淀粉粒(未成熟和成熟小麦秸秆多面体型淀粉粒含量分别为9.09％和7.41％),这是小麦种子中缺少的类型.根据本次现代实验模拟的结果,考古遗址出土石刀上提取到的淀粉粒很可能来自于植物收割(或切削)过程的残留物,结合淀粉粒分析、石刀形制和出土状况进行分析,可以获取出土石刀功能与古人类植物利用的信息.     

A cyclic UH model for sand

A simple cyclic elastoplastic constitutive model for sand is proposed based on the UH model for overconsolidated clay. The proposed model has the following features. First, in order to describe the stress-induced anisotropy in sand, a rotational hardening rule is introduced for the evolution of the yield surface axis with development of plastic deviatoric strain in the principal stress space. Second, the relationship between the rotational axis and stress-induced anisotropy is modeled by introducing the slope of rotational axis into the yield function. The fl atness of the yield surface can be determined by the slope of rotational axis. Finally, a revised unifi ed hardening parameter is proposed to incorporate the stress-induced anisotropy. The model capability in describing the cyclic response of sand is verifi ed by comparing the simulations with available test results.     

塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区走滑断裂带油气分布与油藏模式

塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区石油勘探开发进入深度高达8 000 m的坳陷区,油气主要沿走滑断裂带分布,研究超深层断控油气藏分布规律对油气勘探开发具有重要意义。通过大量勘探开发资料分析与油藏解剖表明,哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气沿主断裂带1.8 km范围内条带状分布,高效井主要分布在距主断裂带600 m范围内。油气沿断裂带分布具有分段性,断裂的类型、规模与性质影响油气运聚成藏,油气富集主要受控于主断裂带的规模。高效井一般距主断裂近、储层规模大、侧向封闭好,为断控缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏。走滑断裂断控油气藏不同于礁滩体与风化壳“相控”油气藏,对复杂碳酸盐岩油气藏评价开发具有重要意义。     

哀牢山-红河左旋走滑剪切带构造抬升时间序列的裂变径迹证据

对采自红河断裂带元阳—嘎洒段的４个片麻岩和糜棱岩样品中的磷灰石进行裂变径迹（ＦＴ）测年，得到５．６１～１０．６４Ｍａ的年龄范围。结果表明，ＲＲＦＺ段磷灰石ＦＴ年龄有从东南向西北变新的趋势。结合已有的钾长石多重扩散域（ＭＤＤ）模式结果，得到该段１５０℃至１１０℃温度范围的冷却过程（冷却速度为３．４～９．４５℃／Ｍａ）。ＦＴ结果反映的特征与南海盆地得到的１５Ｍａ时断裂带所受力的转换的结果是一致的     

福建省地壳——上地幔结构及深部构造背景的研究

本文主要根据区域、深部物探资料成果,结合地质特征,综合论述了与福建省地壳—上地幔及深部构造背景有关的重要基础地质问题:本省地壳可分为上、中、下三层,内有七个速度层,壳—幔分为七个电性层,据此建立了地壳—上地幔综合柱状图及圈层结构综合模式;省内断裂分为岩石圈、地壳、基底、盖层四种类型,最重要的断裂有七条,总结出本省构造格架具有东西分带、南北分块的特征;深部构造从东到西地幔具有陡坡带—坳陷带—缓隆带及岩石圈顶面具有深凹陷—狭窄隆起带—隆起的分区特点;提出松溪—长汀、滨海两条古俯冲带,将本省及邻区划分为武夷、戴云、台湾三个古板块及四个相应大地构造单元;提出在同安—莆田—带深凹陷上存在印支期古俯冲事件残迹,并探索了与其有关的四个大型推覆构造、三个环状构造,以及东部火山岩区存在古裂堑构造等;将省内花岗岩类成因划分为 I、S 及过渡型,探讨了它与深部构造及与板块活动关系等;论述了深部构造与内生金属矿床分布的关系,总结出了控制本省矿床形成的七种基本要素,圈出了三条主要成矿远景带及17个远景区,为今后进一步开展地勘工作提供了依据。     

SMAP卫星海表盐度产品的检验与校正

In this study, sea surface salinity(SSS) Level 3(L3) daily product derived from soil moisture active passive(SMAP)during the year 2016, was validated and compared with SSS daily products derived from soil Moisture and ocean salinity(SMOS) and in-situ measurements. Generally, the root mean square error(RMSE) of the daily SSS products is larger along the coastal areas and at high latitudes and is smaller in the tropical regions and open oceans. Comparisons between the two types of daily satellite SSS product revealed that the RMSE was higher in the daily SMOS product than in the SMAP, whereas the bias of the daily SMOS was observed to be less than that of the SMAP when compared with Argo floats data. In addition, the latitude-dependent bias and RMSE of the SMAP SSS were found to be primarily influenced by the precipitation and the sea surface temperature(SST). Then, a regression analysis method which has adopted the precipitation and SST data was used to correct the larger bias of the daily SMAP product. It was confirmed that the corrected daily SMAP product could be used for assimilation in high-resolution forecast models, due to the fact that it was demonstrated to be unbiased and much closer to the in-situ measurements than the original uncorrected SMAP product.     

The Dependence of Water Exchanges between the Kuroshio Water and Its Surroundings on the Characteristics of the Kuroshio‘s Meanders

Observation of fluid parcel pathways in the Kuroshio Stream revealed a striking crossstream pattern associated with the Kuroshio‘‘ s meanders. In order to understand the observed pattern, a two-dimensional kinematic model of a meandering jet was developed which could be used to examine the relationship between streamfunction patterns and fluid parcel trajectories. The experiments designed to investigate the dependence of the water exchanges between the Kuroshio water and its surroundings on the characteristics of the Kuroshio‘‘s meanders involved the downstream speed,phase speed and the amplitude of other propagating waves. The results suggested that fluid parcels could cross the meandering jet to and fro; and that the water exchanges between the Kuroshio and its surroundings increased with a) increasing meander amplitude, b) decreasing downstream speed, and c) increasing wave phase speed. The results also showed that when the meandering jet was disturbed by other propagating waves, more effective water exchanges could be induced.     

高级变质作用对锆石U-Pb同位素体系的影响:胶东栖霞地区变质闪长岩锆石定年

文中对高级变质作用(高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相)条件下"干的"岩石体系中锆石U、Th、Ph行为进行了研究.样品为胶东栖霞地区太古宙变质基底的高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相变质闪长岩.矿物组合为单斜辉石+斜长石+钾长石+黑云母+石英.锆石呈近短轴状、等轴状和不规则状,阴极发光下具板状、杉树叶状、扇形结构,部分具封闭环带结构.锆石中存在斜...     

不同陆面方案对沪宁高速公路团雾的模拟

利用沪宁高速公路实时监测的气象数据分析了2007年11月24日发生在沪宁高速公路镇江段团雾过程的气象要素变化。通过WRF模式耦合三种不同陆面方案对此次过程进行了数值模拟,旨在检验WRF模式耦合陆面方案对镇江段团雾的模拟能力。结果表明:(1)WRF模式模拟出的团雾天气过程对陆面方案的选择比较敏感,耦合了不同陆面参数化方案后的试验结果更接近实况。(2)水汽参量模拟结果中,SLAB方案比NOAH方案和RUC方案效果好些,NOAH方案与RUC方案差异不大。(3)在地面感热通量变化率模拟上,三者有些区别;在长波辐射变化率模拟上,NOAH方案较优越。(4)在涡度场高值区模拟上,NOAH方案效果比SLAB、RUC方案更好。