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31.
Prof. Dr. Walther Schwarzacher 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1978,67(3):809-822
The mathematical methods involved in sedimentary stratigraphy are reviewed. One can differentiate between an analytical and a theoretical approach. The former is particularly suitable for the analysis of facies patterns but theoretical considerations are more important in the study of vertical sections. The problem of stratigraphical correlation is only partly defined in mathematical terms and so-called methods of quantitative correlation should be treated with care. 相似文献
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Rudolf H. Steiger Gorica Harnik-Šoptrajanova Emil Zimmermann Niels Henriksen 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1976,57(1):1-24
Along the northern part of the East Greenland coast the Caledonian structures are superimposed on an older fold system called the Carolinidian. Traces of this Carolinidian belt are preserved in a few isolated fragments within the Caledonian fold belt. According to Haller (1970) one of these fragments exhibiting the typical Carolinidian NNW to NW-trending infrastructural folds is the peninsula of Germania Land which is accessible near the Danish weather station Danmarkshavn. The rock sampled there is a banded gneiss of granodioritic composition with steeply inclined, NNW-trending layers. Isotopic age determinations yielded essentially two groups of ages: 1) 3,000±150 m.y. (zircon suite and Rb/Sr whole rock analyses of layers) and 2) 320–380 m.y. (Rb/Sr mineral isochrons, U-Th-Pb on sphene, K/Ar on hornblende and biotite). The egg-shaped zircons support a sedimentary origin of the banded gneiss and in conjunction with the Rb/Sr whole rock ages determine the age of formation of the banded gneiss (or its last high grade metamorphism) some 3,000 m.y. ago. No other Precambrian metamorphism or orogeny is recorded in the rock. The ages between 320–380 m.y. date a thermal event of lower amphibolite facies grade related to a late Caledonian spasm.The new isotopic data reveal the existence of very old rocks in the hinterland — away from the direction of thrusting—of the East Greenland Caledonian belt. With respect to the age of the Carolinidian fold system three geological interpretations are compatible with the results of this study:
相似文献
1. | the Carolinidian fold system formed approximately 3,000 m.y. ago; |
2. | the banded gneiss represents part of an old basement: the Carolinidian orogeny is younger than 3,000 m.y. Its marked structural imprint on the Danmarkshavn area was accompanied by very low grade metamorphism not recognised in the isotopic record; |
3. | the fold structures observed in the Danmarkshavn area are not of Carolinidian age but belong to an earlier fold system preserved in the basement. |
34.
Norman K. Grant James L. Powell Flora R. Burkholder John V. Walther Max L. Coleman 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1976,31(2):209-223
Strontium and oxygen isotope measurements on the alkali basalt-trachyte-phonolite suite of St. Helena show that some of the late-fractionated rocks are enriched in 87Sr and depleted in 18O relative to the older basalts. The data rule out both the formation of the late-fractionated rocks by the partial melting of hydrothermally altered oceanic crust and the contamination of the volcanic rocks by oceanic sediment. It also appears to be incompatible with models based either on the melting of previously fractionated and crystallized liquids in the volcanic pile, or the long-term fractionation of lavas over several millions of years in a sub-volcanic magma chamber.It is concluded that hydrothermal interaction with meteoric water is the most important cause of the 18O depletion. If the interaction occurred at widely differing temperatures, and involved meteoric and seawaters, it might conceivably have caused both the oxygen and strontium isotope heterogeneities. 相似文献
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Roman Skála Jaromír Ulrych Lukáš Ackerman Emil Jelínek Jaroslav Dostál Ernst Hegner Zdeněk Řanda 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2014,103(5):1233-1262
The ?eské st?edoho?í Mts. is the dominant volcanic center of the Oh?e (Eger) rift zone. It hosts the Roztoky Intrusive Complex (RIC), which is made up of a caldera vent and intrusions of 33–28-Ma-old hypabyssal bodies of essexite–monzodiorite–sodalite syenite series accompanied by a radially oriented 30–25-Ma-old dike swarm comprising about 1,000 dikes. The hypabyssal rocks are mildly alkaline mostly foid-bearing types of mafic to intermediate compositions. The dike swarm consists of chemically mildly alkaline and rare strongly alkaline rocks (tinguaites). The geochemical signatures of the mildly alkaline hypabyssal and associated dike rocks of the RIC are consistent with HIMU mantle sources and contributions from lithospheric mantle. The compositional variations of essexite and monzodiorite can be best explained by fractional crystallization of parent magma without significant contributions of crustal material. On the other hand, the composition of monzosyenite, leuco-monzodiorite and sodalite syenite reflects fractional crystallization coupled with variable degrees of crustal assimilation. It is suggested that the parent magmas in the Oh?e rift were produced by an adiabatic decompression melting of ambient upper mantle in response to lithospheric extension associated with the Alpine Orogeny. 相似文献
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Walther E. Petrascheck 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1936,27(1):96-98
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