浅析2010年度GPS升级调整对用户的影响

2010年1月份,美国对GPS系统进行了升级调整,部分用户受到影响。通过对GPS工作原理和信号特点的分析,对照实测GPS信号导航电文的变化,分析了这次调整可能对用户造成影响的机理。最后,对这次调整可能给用户带来的实际影响作了判断。     

少数民族地区资源开发中的利益共享机制研究——以云南兰坪矿产资源为例

矿产资源的开发是一个涉及多个利益主体的经济行为,利益分配是矿产资源开发相关利益主体关注的焦点问题,如何实现利益的共享成为少数民族地区可持续发展的关键。从云南兰坪矿产资源开发中存在的问题出发,通过对矿产资源开发利益主体的重新认识,提出建立共享机制的措施,从而建立适合少数民族地区的资源开发共享机制,最终促进少数民族地区经济可持续发展。     

Pseudofrenelopsis fossils from Cretaceous gypsum beds in Guixi,Jiangxi Province,China and their geological significance

Compressed fossil plants were found in the gypsum beds of the Zhoujiadian Formation in Guixi City, Jiangxi Province, China. The cuticular features of two species of Pseudofrenelopsis (Cheirolepidiaceae) were examined by scanning electron microscopy in this study: Pseudofrenelopsis papillosa Cao ex Zhou and Pseudofrenelopsis guixiensis Bainian Sun et Dai, sp. nov. A detailed analysis of the internode epidermis, and the adaxial and abaxial leaf cuticles of the two species, was performed, extending our knowledge of the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the extinct Pseudofrenelopsis. A new species, Pseudofrenelopsis guixiensis sp. nov., is proposed based upon comparison of its cuticular features. It differs from previously published species in that it has hairs on the abaxial surfaces of its leaves, sometimes shares subsidiary cells on the surfaces of internodes, lacks a hypodermis, and has no papillae on its epidermal cells. Because the distribution of fossil Pseudofrenelopsis is restricted to the Lower Cretaceous, the Early Cretaceous age of the Zhoujiadian Formation is affirmed. The fossils of Pseudofrenelopsis show obvious xeromorphic characteristics, such as apparent thickening of the cuticles, subsidiary cells with obvious papillae, and anticlinal walls with strong cutinization, and they are found associated with gypsum beds and close to red beds. All of these features indicate an arid climate.     

西安地裂缝与地面沉降灾害经济损失评估

为了深入分析西安地裂缝与地面沉降灾害致灾特点及定量评价其经济损失,在中国地质调查局于2004-2006年开展的西安地区地裂缝与地面沉降调查所取得的成果资料基础上,通过综合分析研究得出,西安地裂缝与地面沉降的致灾特点具有直接性、三维破坏性、三维空间有限性、渐进性和持久性。采用终值法、影子工程法、统计推断法、重置成本法、建造成本或工程费用法、灾情对比法、间接损失与直接损失比例法和权重分解法评价得出地裂缝与地面沉降灾害在1976-2006年造成经济损失为117亿元,其中直接损失71亿元,间接损失46亿元。     

Simple models for dynamic melting in an upwelling heterogeneous mantle column: Analytical solutions

Several lines of evidence suggest that the melt generation and segregation regions of the mantle are heterogeneous, consisting of chemically and lithologically distinct domains of variable size and dimension. Partial melting of such heterogeneous mantle source regions gives rise to a diverse range of basaltic magmas. In order to better assess the role of source heterogeneity during mantle melting, we have undertaken a theoretical study of trace element distribution and fractionation during concurrent melting and melt migration in an upwelling, chemically heterogeneous, two-porosity double lithology melting column. Analytical solutions for the abundance of a trace element in the matrix and channel were obtained under the assumptions that the porosity, melt and solid velocities, and solid-melt partition coefficients are constant and uniform. For simplicity, we neglected diffusion and dispersion in the melt. Chemical source heterogeneities of arbitrary size and shape were integrated into the simple melting models by allowing trace element abundance in the source region to vary as a function of time and space. Concurrent melting and melt migration in an upwelling heterogeneous mantle may be approximated as a quasi-steady state problem in which time-dependent concentration patterns produced by melting of heterogeneous source regions are superimposed on a reference steady-state concentration distribution established by melting of the ambient or background mantle. Chromatographic fractionation is especially important for the matrix melt and solid when chemical heterogeneities are involved during melting and melt migration in the mantle, giving rise to significant phase-shift between two incompatible trace elements in the matrix melt and scattered correlations among incompatible trace elements in residual peridotites. Mixing is the chief mass transfer process in the dunite channel where the chromatographic effect is negligible for most of the incompatible trace elements. The lack of chromatographic fractionation among incompatible trace elements and isotopic ratios in MORB suggests either most MORB are channel melts or mixing in magma conduit and chamber is very efficient such that the phase-shift is averaged out during magma transport and storage processes. Advection brings melt produced by smaller-degree of melting in the deeper part of the melting column to the overlying melting region, increasing the incompatible trace element abundance in the matrix and the channel. This advection-induced self-enrichment is especially important when heterogeneous sources are involved and may account for some of the enriched incompatible trace element patterns observed in residual peridotite that were previously interpreted to be a result of mantle metasomatism. Systematic studies of high-resolution spatially correlated mantle samples may help to constrain the melting history and the size and nature of chemical heterogeneities in the mantle.     

略论福建燕山旋回成矿系列

福建省燕山旋回的成矿系列由(1)与混合岩化作用有关的成矿类型、(2)与重熔花岗岩有关的成矿类型、(3)与同熔花岗岩有关的成矿类型、(4)与超基性、基性岩有关的成矿类型、(5)与火山作用有关的成矿类型和(6)与层控有关的成矿类型等六种成矿类型组成。除第二种类型主要分布在本省西部外,其他均主要分布在东部。岩浆活动受NE、NW、ENE、E—W及N—S向断裂构造控制,而以前二者为主。火山喷发中心常出现在NE向断裂构造与NW或ENE向断裂构造交汇处。燕山旋回的成矿作用与其构造岩浆活动有关。本文最后提出了本成矿系列的     

上海地下水环境容量评价及在地面沉降控制中的应用

在分析地下水水环境容量内涵及地下水资源开发利用产生的环境效应基础上,探讨了地下水环境容量的概念,认为地下水环境容量是用来表征一定目标约束下,地下水系统对自然或人类活动影响所能承受能力的最大阙值,并以上海市为例,采用地下水临界水位、地面沉降量、地下水质作为评价指标对地下水环境容量进行了评价,并将其应用于上海市地面沉降防治工作中,剖析了地下水资源管理和地面沉降控制的工作机制。升,第四承压含水层向弹性变形态势转变,土体表现为微量回弹。     

华北强震地形变及重力前兆特征与孕震机理

通过分析华北地区强震地形变及重务前兆特征,发现震前在较大范围内存在与构造密切相关的动力不过程;在震中区介质状态发生变化。在此基础上提出了改进的组合－硬化模式：调整单元的运动,牵动较大范围构造运动的加及断层两侧深层介质密度变化;应力集中单元由于能量的不断积累,介质出现硬化过程。上述机理形成了前兆的各个阶段。     

用单片机实现遥控器的红外发射

红外遥控在电子产品中有着越来越广泛的应用.介绍了用凌阳SPCE061A系列单片机实现电子产品的红外遥控发射.     

MathCAD在地质模拟的数据分析和处理中的应用

地质模拟正从一维、二维技术向三维技术发展,需要分析和处理的数据成倍甚至上百倍增长.随着计算机技术的快速发展,数据分析和处理的速度也随之快速增长,但运用常规的编程来分析和处理这些数据费时又费力.而MathCAD具有解决这一问题的强大的数据分析、处理功能和仿真功能,将MathCAD应用于地质模拟的数据分析和处理中是十分必要的和可行的.本文简要介绍了MathCAD的功能和其在各类地质模拟的数据分析和处理中的应用.