Height prediction of water flowing fractured zones based on BP artificial neural network

Factures caused by deformation and destruction of bedrocks over coal seams can easily lead to water flooding(inrush)in mines,a threat to safety production.Fractures with high hydraulic conductivity are good watercourses as well as passages for inrush in mines and tunnels.An accurate height prediction of water flowing fractured zones is a key issue in today's mine water prevention and control.The theory of leveraging BP artificial neural network in height prediction of water flowing fractured zones is analysed and applied in Qianjiaying Mine as an example in this paper.Per the comparison with traditional calculation results,the BP artificial neural network better reflects the geological conditions of the research mine areas and produces more objective,accurate and reasonable results,which can be applied to predict the height of water flowing fractured zones.     

Spatial pattern of Abies and Picea surface pollen distribution along the elevation gradient in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and Xinjiang, China

In this study we examine the relationships between Abies and Picea abundance in surface pollen and sub-alpine coniferous forest (SCF) distribution, elevation and climate in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau using a large modern pollen data set consisting of 857 samples. Results indicate that Abies and Picea pollen are abundant in the southern and eastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, where SCF dominates the landscape. Pollen percentages of both Abies and Picea show a unimodal pattern with changes in elevation and climate, and their optima occur at elevations from 2500 to 4000 m a.s.l., mean annual temperature from −1 to 10 °C and mean annual precipitation from 450 to 850 mm. The optimal elevation of Abies and Picea pollen distribution decreases with latitude from c . 4000 m in the south (21–32°N) to c . 2500 m in the north (43–49°N). The spatial pattern of Abies and Picea pollen abundance is highly correlated with the modern distribution of these taxa, which is largely controlled by elevation and climate. These relationships could provide a practical reference for interpretation of fossil pollen data in terms of climate and elevation in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau.     

Three dimensional numerical simulation of residential building on shrink–swell soils in response to climatic conditions

Shrink–swell soils can cause distresses in buildings, and every year, the economic loss associated with this problem is huge. This paper presents a comprehensive system for simulating the soil–foundation–building system and its response to daily weather conditions. Weather data include rainfall, solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, all of which are readily available from a local weather station or the Internet. These data are used to determine simulation flux boundary conditions. Different methods are proposed to simulate different boundary conditions: bare soil, trees, and vegetation. A coupled hydro‐mechanical stress analysis is used to simulate the volume change of shrink–swell soils due to both mechanical stress and water content variations. Coupled hydro‐mechanical stress‐jointed elements are used to simulate the interaction between the soil and the slab, and general shell elements are used to simulate structural behavior. All the models are combined into one finite element program to predict the entire system's behavior. This paper first described the theory for the simulations. A site in Arlington, Texas, is then selected to demonstrate the application of the proposed system. Simulation results are shown, and a comparison between measured and predicted movements for four footings in Arlington, Texas, over a 2‐year period is presented. Finally, a three‐dimensional simulation is made for a virtual residential building on shrink–swell soils to identify the influence of various factors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

GIS的社会化及公众GIS

GIS(地理信息系统 )的发展继专业化和行业化阶段之后 ,正处于社会化发展阶段。在该阶段 ,GIS的主要作用是为公众提供信息服务。文章在分析了GIS的这种发展趋势的基础上提出了“公众GIS”的概念 ,即 :直接面向公众 ,为公众提供信息服务和辅助公众进行行为决策的地理信息系统。与传统GIS相比 ,公众GIS更具有信息服务业的特点。公众GIS的建设应该突出信息的全面性、现势性和准确性、系统的友好性以及数据的易维护性等原则。公众GIS的关键技术包括数据采集、网络、数据库、多媒体以及系统的友好性设计等技术。公众GIS在建设全国城市公众信息服务网、全国交通旅游信息网以及汽车导航信息系统等方面具有广阔的应用前景。文章对公众GIS的实例———“今日武汉”公众查询系统作了简要介绍。     

腾冲地区地壳速度结构的有限差分成像

利用流动台网和固定台站的地震观测数据,采用有限差分层析成像方法反演了腾冲及邻近地区的地壳P波速度结构,分析了腾冲火山区的岩浆活动和龙陵七级地震的深部构造成因.研究结果表明,腾冲火山区的地壳结构具有明显的非均匀性,浅表层偏低的速度主要为盆地内部的松散沉积层、新生代火山堆积及断裂附近的流体裂隙和热泉活动所致;5～15 km之间的高速体可能代表了早期火山通道内冷却固结的岩浆侵入体或难挥发的超铁镁质残留体;地壳深部的低速体则反映了熔融或半熔融的岩浆体,推断火山区下方的岩浆活动与龙陵七级地震震源区地壳深部的岩浆侵入来自同一源区——现今壳内岩浆活动的主要区域.龙陵震源区的地壳速度结构横向变化较大,怒江断裂东侧和龙陵断裂西侧为高速特征,介质应变强度较大,为应力积累的主要载体;两断裂之间的低速区向下延伸至下地壳,可能与地壳深部的岩浆侵入有关;龙陵断裂和怒江断裂明显控制了这一区域的岩浆活动,七级地震正是发生在断裂下方的速度边界附近.地壳介质强度的横向变化导致了震源区应力积累的不均一性,深部岩浆的聚集和动力作用是龙陵地区发生强震的主要原因.     

Hill Instability Analysis of TLP Tether Subjected to Combined Platform Surge and Heave Motions

This paper presents the Hill instability analysis of Tension keg Platform （TLP） tether in deep sea. The 2-D nonlinear beanl model, which is undergoing coupled axial and transverse vibrations, is applied. The governing equations are reduced to nonlinear Hill equation by use of the Galerkin＇ s method and the modes superposition principle. The Hill instability charted up to large parameters is obtained. An important parameter M is defined and can be expressed as the functions of tether length, the platform surge and heave motion amplitudes. Some example studies are performed for various envirotnnental conditions. The results demonstrate that the nonlinear coupling between the axial and transverse vibrations has a significant effect on the response of structure. It needs to be considered for the accurate dynamic analysis of long TI2 tether subjected to the combined platfolna surge and heave motions.     

Deep Structure and Dynamics of Passive Continental Margin from Shelf to Ocean of the Northern South China Sea

To study the deep dynamic mechanism leading to the difference in rifting pattern and basin structure from shelf to oceanic basin in passive continental margin,we constructed long geological sections across the shelf,slope and oceanic basin using new seismic data.Integrated gravity-magnetic inversion and interpretation of these sections were made with the advanced dissection method.Results show that the basement composition changes from intermediate-acid intrusive rocks in the sheff to intermediate-basic rocks in the slope.The Moho surface shoals gradually from 31 km in the sheff to 22.5 km in the uplift and then 19 km in the slope and finally to 13 km in the oceanic basin.The crust thickness also decreases gradually from 30 km in the northern fault belt to 9 km in the oceanic basin.The crustal stretching factor increases from the shelf toward the oceanic basin,with the strongest extension under the sags and the oceanic basin.The intensity of mantle upwelling controlled the style of basin structures from sheff to oceanic basin.In the Zhu 1 depression on the shelf,the crust is nearly normal,the brittle and cold upper crust mainly controlled the fault development;so the combinative grabens with single symmetric graben are characteristic.In the slope,the crust thinned with a large stretching factor,affected by the mantle upwelling.The ductile deformation controlled the faults,so there developed an asymmetric complex graben in the Baiyun (白云) sag.     

西江流域致洪暴雨的准双周振荡及大气环流模型

为了做好西江流域致洪暴雨的中期预报,采用小波分析、Lanczos滤波器分析了1961—2008年西江流域13次致洪暴雨期间降水与850 hPa风场的低频振荡特征,研究了850 hPa风场的10～30天低频传播对致洪暴雨的影响,并采用合成分析建立了由西风带系统导致的致洪暴雨准双周振荡的大气环流模型。结果表明,致洪暴雨期间降水主要以10～20天的准双周振荡为主,它们多数与西江流域850 hPa风场8～35天振荡的正位相有较好的对应关系。来自西江流域以南逐渐向北传播的低频纬向风或来自30 °N附近逐渐南传并加强的低频纬向风与多数来自西北太平洋向西传播的低频纬向风在西江流域相遇,是导致致洪暴雨具有准双周振荡的可能原因之一。当500 hPa巴尔喀什湖以东的高压脊开始隆起并逐渐东移,我国东北-华北-长江中下游逐渐转为明显的华北低槽控制,华南由青藏高原东部弱的西风槽转为明显的高空槽控制,副高不断加强西伸,同时850 hPa上空来自孟加拉湾穿过中南半岛的西南风不断加强,位于华南急流轴以西弱的气旋性弯曲也不断加强,地面上转为东高西低、等压线经向度明显,西江流域致洪暴雨开始并逐渐达到强盛期。这些特征可作为西江流域致洪暴雨的中期预报提供参考依据。      

国外农情遥感监测系统现状与启示

大范围的可靠农情信息对粮食市场及相关政策的制定至关重要,是保障区域及全球粮食安全的重要依据,在全球气候变化、人口增长、土地利用/覆盖变化剧烈的背景下,对这一信息的需求也更加迫切.传统农情信息的获取依赖于庞大的调查队伍和大量的调查工作,信息的获取存在成本高、时效性差和结果受主观影响大的缺点.伴随着近30年遥感技术本身及其在农情信息获取领域能力的提升,一些国家与国际组织建设了各自的农情遥感监测系统,并开展了运行化的监测.对美国、欧盟、FAO、加拿大、巴西、阿根廷、俄罗斯、印度等主要的农情遥感监测系统进展进行了详细的介绍,并通过对这些系统的分析得到一些农情监测系统建设的启示.指出作物种植面积估算、单产预测、长势监测、旱情监测是农情遥感监测中最主要的4个主题.在面积估算方面,各个系统在遥感技术不断发展的同时对地面调查的依赖并没有减少,甚至得到了强化,这与遥感降低地面调查的初衷相违背,导致遥感技术在大范围农情监测中的潜力没有得到充分发挥,在单产预测方面,需要发展独立的遥感预测方法.提升遥感的作用是未来一段时间内农情遥感监测系统建设的主要方向.     

一种具有巨大经济价值的海洋矿产资源--砂石土

砂石土指第四纪堆积的泥、土、砂，为一种极为重要的资源。我国具有丰富的海洋砂石土资源。以广东海域为例，通过资料的综合分析，探讨了海岸砂石土资源的重要作用，并提出其开采应注意的问题。