Hilbert Transferin Applied to Separation of Waves

The analytical method (AM) for separation of composite waves is presented based on the Hilbert transform. It is ap-plicable to both regular and irregular trains of waves. The wave data series measured with two wave gauges in the experi-ments are separated into two series of incident and reflected waves. Then, the reflection coefficient can be easily ob-tained. The arrival of reflected waves can also be detected for improveraent of the accuracy of the reflection coefficient. The reflection performance of the physical model can be estimated exactly without calculation of wave height and phase difference. Numerical samples developed to test the method are proved to be accurate. Physical experiments are conduct-ed and compared with Goda s method and satisfactory results are obtained.     

Estimation of Water Particle Velocities by Empirical Transfer Function

-In previous and this studies it appears that the linear and nonlinear wave theory can notaccurately and easily predict the water particle velocities.Therefore,different from the theoretical consider-ations,in this study we have attempted to determine the transfer function empirically.Laboratory experi-ments were performed under various wave conditions.The empirical formulas of the transfer function ofthe wave height,angular frequency and water particle velocity were obtained on the basis of these test databy dimensional analysis and regression analysis.In intermediate and deep water depth conditions,thetransfer function was only a function of a nondimensional parameter which is composed of the angular fre-quency,the depth of the velocity gauge under the still water level,water depth and the acceleration of grav-ity.Finally,the empirical formulas were compared with experimental data and observational data formpresent and Cavaleri's(1978)studies.The empirical formulas were found to be in sufficient correl     

海浪波群的谱特征分析

海浪的波谱特征分析对认识海浪有重要的意义，因为海浪谱反映了海浪的结构成分。这对海工建筑、海洋运输、船舶制造、海浪预报和海浪模拟等均有重要的实用意义。 波群是伴随海浪经常出现的一种自然现象，且经常伴随大浪的出现而出现。实践证明，波群具有极大的破坏力，其破坏性远比单个波大得多，它是海浪破坏海工建筑物的重要因子，许多防波堤的破坏并非是由单个波的作用，而是由相继出现的几个大波(波群)作用的结果。早先，人们对波群这种习见的现象研究甚少。自1974年葡萄牙锡尼斯港深水防波堤的破坏之后，对波群的研究才日益受到重视。 对波群的研究目前多采用包络方法、马尔科夫链方法和波能过程线法。波群研究的主要内容是波群的统计特征(如波群链长统计)；另外，波群的模拟也是重要的研究内容之一。目前用包络方法研究波群比较普遍，且有不少研究成果。徐德伦等(2001)综述了这方面的研究进展及结果，文圣常等(1984)也进行了详尽的讨论。 以往的研究大都是研究波群的统计特征，如合田良实(1976)、 Ewing(1973)、Rye(1974)。而针对地域性的波浪，我国学者也只是以包络方法为基础讨论了不同地域海浪波群的统计特征(常德馥，1987；葛明达，1986；范顺庭，1998)。就波群本身的结构特征而言，即波群的波谱分析特征以往的研究涉及尚少。作者拟借助于谱分析方法，对带有典型波群的实测的海浪记录来分析海浪波群的波谱结构，进而借此对海浪波群的结构特征进行深入探讨。     

Effects of Irregular Wave Groups on Pile Forces

The wave forces on 1, 2 and 4 vertical circular piles under the action of several wave trains of the same wave parameters, such as Hs,Tp and Mo, but different wave group factor GF are measured in the laboratory. After comparing these forces, it may be concluded that the mean and significant wave forces are almost of no difference for the wave trains with different GF. When GF is larger, the one-tenth of the wave froce extreme is slightly increased and the maximum wave force is much larger than the ones with smaller GF, to which attention must be paid in engineering practice.     

黑鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegeli)肿瘤坏死因子α cDNA的克隆及特征分析

采用同源克隆的方法，从黑鲷中获得肿瘤坏死因子(TNFα)全长cDNA序列。该序列含1288个核苷酸，可编码253个氨基酸的TNF前体蛋白。它是一种跨膜蛋白，无糖基化位点和信号肽结构。黑鲷TNFα与其它鱼类的TNFα的相似性很高，占据进化上独立的分支；与哺乳类TNFα和TNFG源于共同的祖先。基因结构分析显示，该基因含有TNF家族pmfile和TNF家族的标签序列；在参与TNFα基因二硫键形成的两个半胱氨酸和TNFα三聚体形成的位点高度保守；空间结构模拟显示，它与哺乳类TNFα的空间结构相似，都是由两个β折叠片组成，每个折叠片包含5个反向平行的β链。表达研究结果表明，黑鲷TNFα在检测的各个组织中均为组成型表达，表现为在刺激与非刺激鱼体中，都可以检测到黑鲷TNFα的表达，但是其表达水平在不同组织中有很大差异。黑鲷TNFα在头肾、脾脏和鳃的表达量较高，而在心脏、肝脏、血液、肾脏和大脑中表达量较低。     

Nonlinear Static Finite Element Stress Analysis of Pipe-in-Pipe Risers

Owing to the complexity of the pipe-in-pipe (PIP) riser system in structure, load and restraint, many problems arise in the structural analysis of the system. This paper presents a new method for nonlinear static finite element stress analysis of the PIP riser system. The finite element (FE) model of the PIP riser system is built via software AutoPIPE 6.1. According to the specialties of a variety of components in the PIP riser system, different elements are used so as to model the system accurately. Allowing for the complication in modeling the effects of seabed restraint, a technique based on the bilinear spring concept is developed to calculate the soil properties. Then, based on a pipeline project, the entire procedure of stress analysis is discussed in detail, including creation of an FE model, processing of input data and analysis of results. A wide range of loading schemes is investigated to ascertain that the stresses remain within the acceptable range of the pipe material strength. Finally, the effects of the location of flanges, the thermal expansion of submarine pipelines and the seabed restraint on stress distribution in the riser and expansion loop are studied, which are valuable for pipeline designers.     

东海海底地形分区特征和成因研究

东海一直以其特殊的大地构造地位受到国内外地学界的关注,但作为主要受构造控制的东海海底地形的研究,以往简单趋势性描述居多,专门深入系统的研究尚不多见。不久前完成的高精度、全覆盖多波束海底地形勘测覆盖了东海部分外陆架、大陆坡全部、冲绳海槽和东部岛坡的一部分,取得了海量的测深数据。据此编绘的勘测多波束水深图和结合测区外的传统资料编绘的海底地形图使我们有机会可以重新审视和系统研究东海的海底地形特征。在定量确定了陆架坡折线、陆坡坡脚线和东部槽坡坡脚线的基础上划分出了大陆架、大陆坡、冲绳海槽平原和东部岛坡4大地形区,继之对各区的海底地形特征进行了研究和描述,并在区内选取了有代表性的5条剖面进行了剖析。另外,从地球内营力和外营力两方面分析了影响东海海底地形发育的因素。调查分析表明:整个东海地形分带明显,地形类型多样:大陆架十分宽阔,总体北宽南窄,从大陆向海平缓倾斜,发育了广泛的NW-SE向沙脊群,自大陆向东南呈扇形发散;大陆坡呈NE-SW向条带展布,海底地形陡峻,呈阶梯状下掉,总体北缓南陡,其上峡谷密布,上穿切外陆架,下直达海槽,同时坡麓上海台沟谷伴生发育;冲绳海槽北浅南深,其内在平坦的背景上发育了众多的海山和海丘,其中心又有槽中槽地形;东槽坡地形复杂,发育了     

Effect of the Twin Jetties as A Regulating Structure at the Tao-er Estuary

The phase one project of the twin jetties at the Tao-er Estuary yields no effect on the flow, and there is a large area of deposition. A numerical model is employed to simulate the flow field, and the scouring and silting in the channel be-tween the two jetties are analyzed. The results show that the effective tidal flux between the two jetties is reduced due to the notch located at the heel of the east jetty, and the effect of contraction-flush is not obvious. As for the regulation of this kind of estuary under the tide action, the capability of tidal flux should be fully used.     

9810号台风期间厦门近岸海域磷的分布特征

于1998年10号台风期间及台风解除后一周内，对九龙江口和西海域表层水中总磷（TP）、溶解态无机磷（DIP）、溶解态有机磷（DOP）、颗粒态磷（PP）、颗粒态无机磷（PIP）和颗粒态有机磷（POP）进行了为期9d（10月26日至11月3日）的现场观测。根据观测结果，讨论了台风对上述各形态磷的分布特征的影响，认为台风伴随的增水、入海径流量的骤增和底质再悬浮的加剧导致表层水体中各形态磷含量的短期增加。