文化与旅游互动机理探析--以腾冲县旅游发展为例

文化是旅游业发展的灵魂所在，是激发旅游者旅游动机的主要因素之一，文化差异越大，能为旅游业所利用的文化资源也就越多；旅游业的发展又能为文化的发展创造条件，文化与旅游业的发展在多个层面上存在着互动关系。从影响旅游业的文化层面出发，分析了文化与旅游业的相互关系，认为文化与旅游能够实现互动发展，通过腾冲的实证研究，对文化与旅游的互动关系作了进一步说明。     

Study of statistically correcting model CMAQ-MOS for forecasting regional air quality

Based on analysis of the air pollution observational data at 8 observation sites in Beijing including outer suburbs during the period from September 2004 to March 2005, this paper reveals synchronal and in-phase characteristics in the spatial and temporal variation of air pollutants on a city-proper scale at deferent sites; describes seasonal differences of the pollutant emission influence between the heating and non-heating periods, also significantly local differences of the pollutant emission influence between the urban district and outer suburbs, i.e. the spatial and temporal distribution of air pollutant is closely related with that of the pollutant emission intensity. This study shows that due to complexity of the spatial and temporal distribution of pollution emission sources, the new generation Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model developed by the EPA of USA produced forecasts, as other models did, with a systematic error of significantly lower than observations, albeit the model has better capability than previous models had in predicting the spatial distribution and variation tendency of multi-sort pollutants. The reason might be that the CMAQ adopts average amount of pollutant emission inventory, so that the model is difficult to objectively and finely describe the distribution and variation of pollution emission sources intensity on different spatial and temporal scales in the areas, in which the pollution is to be forecast. In order to correct the systematic prediction error resulting from the average pollutant emission inventory in CMAQ, this study proposes a new way of combining dynamics and statistics and establishes a statistically correcting model CMAQ-MOS for forecasts of regional air quality by utilizing the relationship of CMAQ outputs with corresponding observations, and tests the forecast capability. The investigation of experiments presents that CMAQ-MOS reduces the systematic errors of CMAQ because of the uncertainty of pollution emission inventory and improves the forecast level of air quality. Also this work employed a way of combining point and area forecasting, i.e. taking the products of CMAQ for a center site to forecast air pollution for other sites in vicinity with the scheme of model products "reanalysis" and average over the "area".     

Chemical forms of heavy metal contaminants in sediments of Miyun reservoir

The chemical forms, spatial distribution and sources of As, Hg, Cd, Pb and Zn in sediments of the Miyun reservoir were studied. The results of sequential extraction demonstrate that most of As, Pb and Zn were bound to the residual fraction, Hg was associated with the sulfide fraction while Cd was associated with the carbonate fraction and the residual fraction. On the vertical profiles the concentrations of the heavy metals in total and each fractions mostly decreased with increasing depths in sediments, suggesting that the heavy metals input from the upstream watershed increases yearly. Summation of the residual fraction, the sulfide fraction and the carbonate fraction accounts for 60.03%―85.60% of the total heavy metal contents in the sediments, which represent the geochemical background values of the elements and relate closely to soil erosion. Results of the main factor analysis show that most sediments of the reservoir come from the upstream soil erosion, the point source pollution and domestic waste. Moreover, the microbial activities taking place on the sediment-water interface are also one of the major factors to cause the increasing content of the organic matter fraction and the iron-manganese oxide fraction. Environmental change of the reservoir water could make the removability of the heavy metals increase, leading to the increase of their concentrations in pore water in sediments, and imperiling water quality of the reservoir.     

对羟基苯甲酸异丙酯合成的研究

以浓硫酸为催化剂，研究了对羟基苯甲酸和异丙醇合成对羟基苯甲酸异丙酯的工艺条件。对影响产率的因素进行了探讨：实验表明，在以7％的浓硫酸为催化剂，反应温度为120℃，醇酸摩尔比为4：1，反应时间为5h的最佳条件下，合成了羟基苯甲酸异丙脂，通过多次重结晶的方法纯化产品，产率可达85．5％，并通过熔点仪、红外光谱等手段对产品加以表征，验证了产品具有较高的纯度。该法简单、快速、产率高、纯度好，具有较高的实用价值。     

数字社区数据标准研究

当前数字社区建设缺乏统一的智能化综合管理平台以及相应的各项数据标准，使得数字社区难以真正实现统一的数字化管理。该文参考国内外相应数据标准，研究数字社区的标准体系结构。针对现有标准体系缺乏相关数据标准的现状，提出数字社区系列数据标准，包括数据接口层标准、数据分类编码标准、数据模型、数据字典和元数据标准。阐述系列标准中各标准间的相互关系以及各标准所包含的具体内容。     

GIS支持下的小城镇土地定级--以福建省天宝镇区为例

小城镇土地定级是小城镇土地管理的基础性工作,以福建省天宝镇区土地定级为例,就地理信息系统技术在城镇土地定级中的应用进行了探讨。着重论述了GIS环境下土地定级基础图件库和基础属性数据库的建立、评价单元的生成、单元分值和单元总分值的计算及成果图的生成等属性数据和空间数据的处理过程。     

中国主要红树林表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征及其影响因素

红树林生态系统处于海洋与陆地的动态交界面,遭受海水周期性浸淹,因而在结构与功能上具有既不同于陆地生态系统,也不同于海洋生态系统的特性。红树林作为初级生产者,为林区动物、微生物提供食物与营养,为鸟类、昆虫、鱼虾等提供栖息、繁衍场所。因此,红树植物对维护生态平衡、保护海岸生态系统起着重要的作用[1-2]。近年来由于工农业的发展,沿海城市人口与经济的增长,大量的污染物汇集于河口、海湾区,使这些地区的重金属污染日趋严重,特别是在直接向红树林区倾污排废的地区更是如此。     

GPS水准移动曲面法功能新探

在简要分析了GPS水准拟合几种主要方法优缺点的基础上,重点探讨了移动曲面法和顾及似大地水准面模型的改进移动曲面法的特殊优点,指出了GPS水准拟合今后有待进一步研究的内容。     

有限元软件与通用图形软件间无缝连接的研究

采用面向对象技术,结合已开发的自适应有限元软件AFEAS,探索并实现了它和AutoCAD软件图形的无缝连接,并给出了一个简单的滑坡示例,验证了该方法的可行性和优点。     

天然气水合物准三维地震勘探电缆动态定位精度研究

在我国某海域对天然气水合物研究过程中,使用了单源单缆准三维地震勘探方法,获得了较好的天然气水合物矿体三维成像效果.影响天然气水合物矿体三维成像的因素很多,其中,电缆动态定位精度是最直接的影响因素之一.在大量试验数据的基础上,研究了罗盘对电缆动态定位精度的影响,研究结果与海试资料及国内外资料非常吻合,这对天然气水合物准三维调查具有一定的指导意义.根据该研究结果,在保证一定定位误差的前提下,最终确定了电缆的排列长度为2 400 m(192道),获得了较高的动态定位精度.2007年在该海域实施了钻探,国内首次发现了水合物样品.钻探结果与地震资料的吻合证实了准三维地震方法定位精度已达到较高的程度.