陕北延安“7.3暴雨”诱发地质灾害主要类型与特征

2013年7月3日以来,陕西延安地区百年不遇的持续性强降雨,引发了大量的崩塌、滑坡、泥流地质灾害,造成严重的财产损失和人员伤亡。通过野外实地调查,对本次持续性强降雨诱发大范围地质灾害的主要类型和特征进行了较为系统的研究。研究表明,本次持续性强降雨引发的地质灾害共计8 000余处,灾害类型主要有崩塌、滑坡和泥流,分别以小规模黄土崩塌、浅表层黄土滑坡、坡面型黄土泥流为主,以及上述灾种链生转化形成的沟谷型泥流。在持续降雨条件下,多灾种转化而成的复合型灾害是造成人员伤亡和财产损失的主要类型。     

STUDY ON PALEOEARTHQUAKES ALONG THE JINGHE SECTION OF BOLOKENU-AQIKEKUDUKE FAULT

The Bolokenu-Aqikekuduk fault zone(B-A Fault)is a 1 000km long right-lateral strike-slip active fault in the Tianshan Mountains. Its late Quaternary activity characteristics are helpful to understand the role of active strike-slip faults in regional compressional strain distribution and orogenic processes in the continental compression environment, as well as seismic hazard assessment. In this paper, research on the paleoearthquakes is carried out by remote sensing image interpretation, field investigation, trench excavation and Quaternary dating in the Jinghe section of B-A Fault. In this paper, two trenches were excavated on in the pluvial fans of Fan2b in the bulge and Fan3a in the fault scarp. The markers such as different strata, cracks and colluvial wedges in the trenches are identified and the age of sedimentation is determined by means of OSL dating for different strata. Four most recent paleoearthquakes on the B-A Fault are revealed in trench TC1 and three most recent paleoearthquakes are revealed in trench TC2. Only the latest event was constrained by the OSL age among the three events revealed in the trench TC2. Therefore, when establishing the recurrence of the paleoearthquakes, we mainly rely on the paleoearthquake events in trench TC1, which are labeled E1-E4 from oldest to youngest, and their dates are constrained to the following time ranges: E1(19.4±2.5)~(19.0±2.5)ka BP, E2(18.6±1.4)~(17.3±1.4)ka BP, E3(12.2±1.2)~(6.6±0.8)ka BP, and E4 6.9~6.2ka BP, respectively. The earthquake recurrence intervals are(1.2±0.5)ka, (8.7±3.0)ka and(2.8±3)ka, respectively. According to the sedimentation rate of the stratum, it can be judged that there is a sedimentary discontinuity between the paleoearthquakes E2 and E3, and the paleoearthquake events between E2 and E3 may not be recorded by the stratum. Ignoring the sedimentary discontinuous strata and the earthquakes occurring during the sedimentary discontinuity, the earthquake recurrence interval of the Jinghe section of B-A Fault is ~1~3ka. This is consistent with the earthquake recurrence interval(~2ka)calculated from the slip rate and the minimum displacement. The elapsed time of the latest paleoearthquake recorded in the trench is ~6.9~6.2ka BP. The magnitude of the latest event defined by the single event displacement on the fault is ~M_W7.4, and a longer earthquake elapsed time indicates the higher seismic risk of the B-A Fault.     

基于WiMAX的地质灾害应急无线通信系统探索

基于OFDM核心技术的WiMAX(全球微波接入互操作性)具有4G技术的特点。与3G和WiFi无线通讯技术相比具有明显的高速率、大容量数据传输优势。本文就基于WiMAX的地质灾害应急通讯系统的几种技术方案加以详细论述,说明WiMAX在地质灾害应急指挥中具有广阔前景。     

广域电磁法三维有限单元法模拟研究

本文以Maxwell方程组为理论基础,从矢量位和标量位方程出发,采用有限单元法对广域电磁法进行了三维数值模拟研究.在模型算例中,通过具有解析解的均匀半空间模型对本文算法的正确性进行了验证,在此基础上,设计了两种不同深度的低阻异常体模型,对广域电磁法的探测深度进行了模拟研究,数值计算结果表明:广域电磁法不受场源中近区的影响,能够在全区范围内进行观测;此外,还具有探测深度大的特点,为深地资源探测提供了理论与方法支撑.     

京西小窑采空区灾害特征及影响因素分析

京西山区地质条件复杂,小窑浅层采空区灾害频繁,对地区工程建设及生态环境造成了严重影响和损失。小窑采空区主要灾害类型为地面塌陷及由其诱发的崩塌、不稳定斜坡和泥石流等地质灾害,灾害活动有着隐蔽性、突发性及随机性的特征,受地质构造、地层岩性、地形地貌以及气候条件、人类活动等内外地质作用因素影响,又表现出一定的客观规律。本文通过分析京西山区小窑采空区灾害特征和致灾因素,以便于开展针对性的防范措施,希望能为京西山区工程建设提供一些参考和帮助。     

硫酸盐渍土机场地基处理换填覆重法研究

盐胀是硫酸盐渍土的主要危害,硫酸盐渍土机场地基处理的关键在于减少盐胀。通过不同荷载作用下的盐胀试验,研究了荷载对不同压实度、不同含盐量的硫酸盐渍土盐胀的抑制效果,拟合了盐胀经验公式,探讨了换填覆重法硫酸盐渍土机场地基处理。压实度不宜太高,在满足道面承载力的条件下建议在90%～95%之间取值;道面2 m以下可以填弱盐渍土,建议含盐量不要超过0.5%;水分危险点危害最大,必须重视排水设计。给出了确定换填覆重法最小荷载及最小厚度的方法。计算表明,覆重荷载50 kPa基本能抑制含盐量小于0.5%的硫酸盐渍土的盐胀,采用砂砾石材料最小覆重层厚度约2 m。换填覆重法在西北地区硫酸盐渍土机场地基处理中具有较好的应用前景。     

复杂条件下非开挖铺管的关键技术

地层和地下管网条件复杂是影响非开挖导向钻进质量的重要因素。本文结合工程实践,分析了精确的控向钻进技术、LG植物胶的选择和配制、管材选择、铺管阻力的计算和拉管头设计等影响复杂条件下,非开挖铺管的关键技术。实际应用中取得了好的效果。     

磁源瞬变电磁法应用及其方法技术

归纳磁源瞬变电磁法在地质矿产、地质灾害和工程地质中的勘查应用,并对该方法的野外数据采集、资料处理等方法技术进行了探讨。     

中国东南部中生代火山岩区域成矿条件

本文在对我国东南部中生代火山岩构造环境与区域成矿研究基础上,依据火山活动特点,从火山岩盆地性质;火山喷发旋回发育程度;火山岩盆地的主岩性;火山-侵入岩岩性与产出部位;活动断裂及其次级断裂;火山机构及其周围的构造;围岩蚀变等七个方面,对火山岩盆地的成矿条件进行分析,并指出在普查找矿中应如何正确运用。