矿产预测类型及其在矿产资源潜力评价中的运用

矿产预测类型是从成矿预测和矿产资源潜力评价的角度对矿产资源进行分类的一种方法,具有区域性但也兼顾典型矿床的一般性成矿规律,其理论基础就是成矿系列理论的矿床式。回顾了矿产预测类型概念的提出与演变过程,以阿舍勒式、大厂式和甲玛式为例探讨了作为预测工作第一步骤的重要性及划分矿产预测类型的理论依据,以大冶式铁矿为例阐述了矿产预测类型在成矿预测中的重要性和优越性。矿产预测类型基于典型矿床但又超越典型矿床的具体成矿条件因而体现出预见性,为成矿预测奠定了理论基础;同时,可以根据预测工作尺度的不同而分层次给出矿产预测类型的划分方案,可以满足分级别预测的需要;再者,矿产预测类型具有区域性特点但又不排斥一般性,既有针对性又有可操作性。分析讨论了2006年以来在全国运用矿产预测类型概念开展潜力评价工作中存在的若干问题,指出只有加强成矿规律研究才能科学地评价矿产资源的潜力。     

珊瑚礁海岸围填海适宜性的评估方法研究

依据珊瑚礁生物海岸的资源和生态特点,通过分析识别近岸围填海对珊瑚礁生态影响的主要因子和生态服务功能的影响,构建珊瑚礁生物海岸围填海适宜性的评价指标体系,选取珊瑚礁资源、环境、生态和经济为分层指标,确定分层指标的权重以及各项指标的标准和权重,采用综合指数评价分级围填海的适宜性为IHI<0.75为Ⅰ级,可以实施围填;IHI=0.75～1.2为Ⅱ级,限制围填,IHI>1.2为Ⅲ级,严禁围填。就珊瑚礁海岸围填海适宜性的分级提出珊瑚礁资源限制性指标以及评估方法的应用。     

中国沿海地区人海关系地域系统评价及协同演化研究

借鉴信息熵、协同学相关理论,在分析人海关系地域系统协同演化机制基础上,构建综合评价指标体系,利用AHP-PP模型测算沿海地区1996-2012年11个省份人类社会与海洋资源环境子系统综合评价值;通过信息熵模型对人海关系地域系统信息熵值及有序度进行测算,发现沿海地区各省份人海关系地域系统信息熵呈逐年下降,有序度呈逐年上升趋势,但区域差异显著。进一步构建人海关系地域系统协同演化模型,并采用加速遗传算法进行模型参数估计,辨识其协同演化类型,结果显示：天津、辽宁、江苏、浙江、福建表现为冲突型,河北、广西、海南表现为掠夺型,上海、山东、广东则表现为协同型。最后对各种类型进行分析,并简要提出人海关系协同发展的对策与建议。     

Cenozoic Mineralization in China, as a Key to Past Mineralization and a Clue to Future Prospecting

Many Cenozoic metal deposits have been found during the past decade. Among them, the Fuwan Ag deposit in Guangdong is the largest Ag deposit in China. Besides, the largest Cu deposit of China in Yulong, Tibet, the largest Pb-Zn deposit of China in Jinding, Yunnan, and the largest Au deposit of China in Jinguashi,Taiwan, were also formed in the Cenozoic. Why so many important "present" deposits formed during such a short period of geological history is the key problem. The major reason is that different tectonic settings control different kinds of magmatic activity and mineralization at the same time. In southwestern China, porphyry-type Cu deposits such as Yulong were formed during the early stage of the Himalayan orogeny, sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits such as Jinding were formed within intermontane basins related to deep faults, and carbonatite-related deposits such as the Maoniuping REE deposit and alkalic magmatic rock-related deposits such as the Beiya Au deposit originated from the mantle source.     

Episodes of Cenozoic Gold Mineralization on the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar Dating and Implication for Geodynamic Events

A lot of new gold deposits have been found on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the past two decades. Among them, three main types of gold deposits have been recognized, including quartz-vein-type, shearzone-type and porphyry-type. The former two types of gold deposits are mainly hosted within metamorphic rocks, while the latter is related to Cenozoic magmatism. Although all of these gold deposits are believed to have been formed during the uplift process of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the Cenozoic era (Wang et al., 2002b), precise isotopic age constraints have still been lacking until quite recently. This paper presents new ^40Ar/^39Ar data of some gold deposits on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which indicate that gold mineralization in the region occurred in response to the episodic stages of the orogenies. Recently obtained ^40Ar/^39Ar data on quartz and feldspars from several gold deposits, such as the Sandiao deposit, the Baijintaizi deposit, the Pusagang deposits, provide new constraints on gold mineralization on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Geochronological studies of gold deposits along the Daduhe River indicate that there are three stages of gold mineralization. The early two stages occurred as early as 65.1 Ma in the Shuibaiyang deposit and 58.95 Ma in the Ruoji deposit, while the latter stage occurred as late as 25.35 Ma in Baijintaizi and 24.70 Ma in Sandiao. Isotopic dating of three plagioclases from the Beiya deposit, Zhifanggou deposit and Luobodi deposit and a K-feldspar from the Jinchangqing deposit in Yunnan Province indicates that these deposits were formed at two stages. The Zhifanggou and Jinchangqing deposits have early stage records as old as 58.82 Ma in Zhifanggou and 55.49 Ma in Jinchangqing, but all of the above four deposits in Yunnan have late stage records of 23.18 Ma in Jinchangqing, 24.54 Ma in Zhifanggou, 24.60 Ma in Luobodi and 24.56 Ma in Hongnitang. The above results suggest that the gold deposits on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were formed concentratedly at two main episodes, i.e. the end of the Paleocene (about 58 Ma) and the boundary between the Paleogene and the Neogene (about 25 Ma). The later episode appears to be looks like more important and was coupled with the Sichuan movement, which was extensively activated at that period. The beginning of the Cenozoic Era (about 65 Ma) might be another episode of gold mineralization, but only one deposit (Shuibaiyang) in this study has been proved to have been be formed at this stage and might be earlier than the initial collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasia Plate. In view of geology, the above three episodes of gold mineralization are associated with three events of tectonicmagmatism and/or fluid events. Even though the gold deposits (for example, the Shuibaiyang deposit, Ruoji deposit and Pusagang deposit) were formed at different episodes, all of them are genetically related to tectonic movements in largescale shear zones. It looks like theat tectonic events (including large-scale strike-slip) between Paleogene and Neogene had a wide influence upon gold mineralization, with new deposits formed and old deposits enriched or superimposed to be a higher grade by new stage of mineralization. The above data suggest that gold deposits were not only concentrated in some areas, but also formed mainly at different boundaries of geological times, indicating that there existed some peak stages of gold mineralization (metallogenic episodes), and that the gold deposits were formed mainly by episodic mineralization.     

南岭东段区域成矿规律与成矿预测

南岭东段是我国有色、稀有、稀土、放射性矿产资源最富集的地区之一,尤其是石英脉型黑钨矿、热液成因铀矿和离子吸附型稀土矿,都与燕山期尤其是燕山早期的黑云母花岗岩类具有密切的成因联系。本文在前人研究的基础上,概述了南岭东段地层、构造和岩浆岩对矿产产出和分布的控制特点和规律,总结了南岭东段矿床类型、时空分布规律等基本特征,分析了南岭东段重要矿产的找矿前景和方向。强调南岭东段以广泛出露前寒武纪地层为特点,构造复杂,线性构造与环形构造均不同程度控矿,岩浆活动频繁,尤以花岗岩类最为发育,不同控矿因素制约不同矿种的发育。南岭东段矿产丰富,已发现58种矿产、543处小型以上规模矿产地,18种矿床类型,燕山期尤其是燕山早期成矿大爆发,内生矿床多围绕中酸性岩体分布,外生矿产则散布各地而以交通位置便利处工作程度较高。提出万洋山-诸广山钨锡萤石水热资源找矿远景区、崇余犹-三南钨锡稀土铅锌找矿远景区、兴国-于都-赣县钨锡稀土稀有铅锌银金萤石远景区等重要找矿远景区;指出继续加强热液成因铀矿、石英脉型黑钨矿及共伴生锡矿、离子吸附型稀土矿以及萤石、高岭土、地热等矿产的寻找和研究,加强深部和外围找矿,对于南岭东段的地质找...     

中国镍矿成矿规律初探

我国镍矿可分为岩浆型、海相沉积型和风化壳型3种预测类型.矿床形成时代较为连续,最早形成于中—新元古代,最晚形成于新生代,其中中—新元古代和晚古生代是形成矿床的两个高峰期;中—新元古代矿床主要分布在华北地块和扬子地块周缘,晚古生代镍矿主要分布在中亚造山带、峨眉山和塔里木大火成岩省范围内.岩浆型镍矿主要形成于大陆边缘裂解、造山带后碰撞伸展以及地幔柱3种构造背景,根据不同构造背景并结合主要岩浆作用特点,将与幔源基性—超基性岩有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿系列类型划分出与大陆裂解边缘幔源基性—超基性岩浆作用有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型、与地幔柱基性—超基性岩浆作用有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型、与造山带俯冲作用下幔源基性—超基性岩有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型、与造山带后碰撞伸展背景下幔源基性—超基性岩有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型等4种亚类型.分别对中—新元古代与大陆边缘裂解有关的镍铜(铂)矿床、寒武纪与黑色页岩有关的海相沉积型镍钼钒矿床、早二叠世与造山带伸展背景有关的镍铜矿床、晚二叠世与大火成岩省有关的镍铜(铂)矿床、新生代与风化壳有关的镍金矿床及其对应的典型矿床特征和成矿模式进行了叙述;认为大陆裂解边缘、地幔柱、造山带后碰撞伸展是我国镍矿形成的有利成矿地质背景,与邻近深大断裂、镁铁—超镁铁岩体、高MgO的原生岩浆(高镁玄武质岩浆)、深部岩浆作用、硫饱和与硫化物熔离共同组成岩浆型镍矿的6个重要地质条件.     

中国铝土矿成矿规律概要

我国铝矿资源丰富,铝土矿占绝对优势.铝土矿集中分布于山西、河南、贵州和广西等19个省(区市).矿床类型以古风化壳沉积型为主,其次为堆积型;成矿时代以晚古生代为主,其次是新生代;成矿大地构造背景以稳定陆块环境最为特色.本文从中国铝土矿资源特点、矿床类型、成矿区带和成矿系列划分等方面深入总结了全国铝土矿成矿规律,划分了15个成铝区带,厘定了7个铝矿成矿系列,圈定了7个重要矿集区,为全国铝土矿资源潜力评价预测工作提供了理论依据.     

中国铜矿成矿规律概要

中国铜矿资源丰富.本文在对全国814处铜矿床及其他5000余个矿(化)点资料系统梳理的基础上,完善了对中国铜矿产预测类型的划分方案,分为10个类型,认为斑岩型、矽卡岩型应该作为重点预测类型;其中又以斑岩型铜矿资源最主要,集中分布于冈底斯、昌都-三江、德兴、东天山等地区;成矿时代以新生代和中生代最为重要.系统搜集了全国范围内有关铜矿床的成矿年代学资料,划分为4个铜的主要成矿期;厘定出27个以铜为主的矿床成矿系列,提升了我国铜矿成矿规律研究的程度,为我国铜矿资源的潜力评价预测工作提供了理论依据.     

Source and Enrichment Mechanism of Lithium in the Triassic Argillaceous Marine Sediments from Huangjinkou, Sichuan, China

In the Triassic marine sediments, an obvious enrichment of lithium has been found. The source and enrichment mechanism of lithium is unknown. Here, we report trace and rare earth element and isotope analyses for Triassic sedimentary samples from core ZK601, recovered from the Huangjinkou anticline in the Xuanhan basin. Lithium concentrations from the Leikoupo and Jialingjiang formations are much higher than the average concentrations in the crust of eastern China and in other marine sediments. Lithium concentrations are highest at depths of 3300–3360 m (in argillaceous marine sediments), and Li is positively correlated with Rb, Ga, Zr, Nb and other trace elements. The range of δ7Li values in our samples is consistent with that in other Triassic marine carbonate rocks. Lithium concentrations and isotope ratios are negatively correlated in the argillaceous dolomite samples at depths of 3300–3360 m. We compared the results in this study with trace and rare earth elements in the clay from Sichuan and Chongqing, and propose that the clay in the argillaceous marine evaporites from Huangjinkou formed via the hydrolysis of volcanic ash during Early–Middle Triassic volcanic eruptions into brine basins, during which clay adsorbed Li from the brine and formed Li-rich argillaceous dolomites. The addition and hydrolysis of volcanic ash in the evaporative brine is also related to the formation of a new type of polyhalite.