中国锡矿成矿规律概要

我国锡矿资源丰富,矿床类型比较齐全。在锡矿资源储量中占有较大比重的主要是锡石—硫化物型、矽卡岩型和石英脉型;从开采和利用角度来说,最为重要的是锡石—硫化物型和石英脉型。锡石—硫化物型主要集中在桂北、滇东等地,矽卡岩型集中分布在南岭中段湘南等矿集区、石英脉型则主要集中在华南地区的闽西、赣中、粤北、湘南等地;成矿时代以中生代最为重要;成矿大地构造背景以造山运动之后的大陆环境为主,构造变动剧烈,深大断裂纵横交错,岩浆活动频繁,特别是与锡成矿作用关系密切的中生代花岗岩类非常发育,最具特色。本次在对全国873处锡矿矿产地资料进行系统梳理的基础上,深入总结了全国锡矿的成矿规律,厘定出20个以锡为主或锡较为重要的矿床成矿系列,认为锡石—硫化物型、矽卡岩(—云英岩型)、石英脉型和岩体型4类锡矿类型,应该作为重点预测类型,并划分出44个成锡带,提出了19个重要工作部署区,并编制了中国成锡带图、中国锡矿成矿规律图等系列图件,为潜力评价预测工作提供了理论依据。     

Fluid Characteristics and Evolution of the Zhawulong Granitic Pegmatite Lithium Deposit in the Ganzi‐Songpan Region,Southwestern China

The Zhawulong granitic pegmatite lithium deposit is located in the Ganzi-Songpan orogenic belt. Fluid inclusions in spodumene and coexisting quartz were studied to understand the cooling path and evolution of fluid within albite–spodumene pegmatite. There are three distinguishable types of fluid inclusions: crystal-rich, CO2–NaCl–H2O, and NaCl–H2O. At more than 500°C and 350~480 MPa, crystal-rich fluid inclusions were captured during the pegmatitic magma-hydrothermal transition stage, characterized by a dense hydrous alkali borosilicate fluid with a carbonate component. Between 412°C and 278°C, CO2–NaCl–H2Ofluid inclusions developed in spodumene (I) and quartz (II) with a low salinity (3.3–11.9 wt%NaCl equivalent) and a high volatile content, which represent the boundary between the transition stage and the hydrothermal stage. The subsequentNaCl–H2Ofluid inclusions from the hydrothermal stage, between 189°C and 302°C, have a low salinity (1.1–13.9 wt%NaCl equivalent). The various types of fluid inclusions reveal the P–T conditions of pegmatite formation, which marks the transition process from magmatic to hydrothermal. The ore-forming fluids from the Zhawulong deposit have many of the same characteristics as those from the Jiajika lithium deposit. The ore-forming fluid provided not only materials for crystallization of rare metal minerals, such as spodumene and beryl, but also the ideal conditions forthe growth of ore minerals. Therefore, this area has favorable conditions for lithium enrichment and excellent prospecting potential.     

南秦岭镇安核桃坪钨铍矿床成矿时代及成矿模式探讨

秦岭造山带是中国中央造山带重要组成部分,近年来取得了一系列钨的找矿突破,尤其是在南秦岭镇安地区新发现了首例铍矿达到工业品位的核桃坪钨多金属矿床。在详细的野外地质工作基础上,本文通过对该矿床开展年代学及微区原位元素/同位素地球化学研究,限定其成矿时代和物质来源,旨在查明其成矿机制并建立成矿模式。利用Ar-Ar法获得铬云母坪年龄为201.4±2.10 Ma,金云母坪年龄为196.6±2.38 Ma,指示区域内大规模钨(钼、铍)等稀有金属矿化与印支晚期-燕山早期后造山阶段的酸性岩浆活动关系密切。LA-ICP-MS微区原位分析结果显示,白钨矿中Mo、Nb、Ta等元素相对富集,且由氧化物早阶段至晚阶段Nb/Ta比值显著降低,~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值显著升高,反映氧化物早阶段的成矿物质来源以深源酸性岩浆为主,而演化至氧化物晚阶段,壳源的成矿物质逐渐增多。本区白钨矿呈轻稀土富集特征,指示石榴子石、透辉石等矽卡岩矿物先于白钨矿和绿柱石沉淀,相对富钾的热液环境有利于Be在氧化物早阶段富集沉淀。综合南秦岭地区地质背景以及各钨矿床的地质特征,镇安西部地区钨多金属矿床成矿作用受到了岩浆、地层及构造的多重制约,含矿热液与碳酸盐岩围岩相互作用产出矽卡岩化似层状矿(化)体,而在裂隙中充填交代形成脉状矿(化)体。成矿机制可以归纳为"隐伏岩体+特定层位+两组性质的断裂控矿",深部勘探过程中可以借鉴华南"五层楼+地下室"的勘查模型,重点探寻不同岩性界面层间破碎带控制的层状矿体。该成矿模式对区域上同类型钨矿的深部找矿和综合评价也具有重要的参考价值。     

山东省菏泽郓城地区地热资源赋存条件评价

山东省菏泽郓城地区地热资源丰富,主要赋存于奥陶系和寒武系灰岩中,为估算评价该区的地热资源,在收集资料、野外勘查的基础上,施工1眼地热井,结合收集该区30余眼地热井资料,基本查清了郓城地区的地热赋存条件,确定奥陶系和寒武系热储为本次研究对象,对郓城地区地热流体质量进行了评价,地热资源量进行了计算。评价结果,为持续做好郓城地区地热资源开发利用工作,带动当地经济发展,构建能源节约型社会提供了数据支持。     

On Minerogenetic Series: The Third Discussion

The minerogenetic (or metallogenetic) series of mineral deposits (called minerogenetic series for short) is an academic idea (concept) of studying minerogenetic characteristics in mineral deposit geology. It uses the views of systematology and mobilism to study mineralizing processes and naturally occurring mineral deposit assemblages formed in various stages of geological development in specific tectonic environments. The minerogenetic series is also a natural classification of mineral deposits. There are five hierarchical orders in the classification, with the minerogenetic series as the basic order and the core. The first order includes three categories: minerogenetic series association, minerogenetic series type, and minerogenetic series group. The second is the minerogenetic series, which is decomposed into three orders, i.e. the third, fourth, and fifth orders. The third is the minerogenetic subseries, the fourth is mineral deposit models (types), and the fifth is mineral deposits. Minerogenetic series is comparable to a certain extent metallogenic systems both in the research content and in their own research content. The study of minerogenetic series has both great theoretical significance and practical value for mineral prospecting. However, the study is still in its initial stage and a further study remains to be conducted.     

Discovery of the Archean Magmatic Cu-Ni Sulfide Deposit in China—Taoke Deposit,Shandong Province

The formation ages of global magmatic sulfide Ni-Cu deposits are from Archean to Mesozoic,the Neoarchean and Neoproterozoic are the two peaks.In China,the formation ages of magmatic sulfide deposits are from Proterozoic to Mesozoic,and the Neoproterozoic and late Paleozoic are the two peaks,.Compared with the global magmatic deposits,there is no case study of the Archean magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits in China before.The nickel deposits formed in Neoproterozoic are located on the margin of the North China Block and Yangtze Block(e.g.Jinchuan,Dapoling),and those formed in the late Paleozoic are mainly distributed in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB).Emeishan and Tarim Large Igneous Provinces(LIPs).such as Kalatongke,Yangliuping,and Pobei.     

四川攀西红格矿区辉长岩和正长岩的SHRIMP U-Pb和Sm-Nd定年及其地质意义

用SHRIMP U-Pb和Sm-Nd定年技术,对攀西红格矿区含矿层状辉长岩、碱性正长岩进行了年龄测定。获得红格辉长岩中3种不同晶形锆石的U-Pb年龄分别为258.4±4.1Ma、1841±34Ma、2487±12Ma,由辉长岩、辉石和磷灰石所构成的Sm-Nd等时线年龄为253±14Ma;碱性正长岩中锆石的U-Pb年龄为257.2±1.5Ma。结果表明,红格辉长岩中具有典型基性岩锆石特征的锆石U-Pb年龄(258Ma)与同一地质样品的Sm-Nd年龄(全岩+矿物内部等时线年龄),以及同一矿区的正长岩锆石U-Pb年龄在测定误差范围内一致。鉴于层状辉长岩和碱性正长岩在空间上密切共生,在形成时间上一致,可以认为它们都属于晚二叠世末岩浆活动的产物;而1841Ma和2487Ma的锆石,可能是在基性-超基性岩浆的上侵过程中,从基底所捕获的岩浆锆石和继承锆石,其年龄信息,揭示了康滇地轴岩浆岩带的下部或结晶基底存在元古代甚至新太古代末期的岩石或物质。     

遥感技术在川西甲基卡大型锂矿基地找矿填图中的应用

四川甲基卡矿田是中国乃至于世界上锂矿资源最集中的地区之一,目前运用遥感技术开展甲基卡型锂矿的研究工作尚较为薄弱,文章运用遥感技术在甲基卡特殊地貌区开展找矿填图应用研究,建立了研究区典型岩石及矿物的波谱数据库,总结了研究区黑云母片岩、十字石片岩、十字石堇青石片岩、角岩、二云母花岗岩、含锂辉石伟晶岩、无矿伟晶岩、石英脉、长石斑晶、锂辉石单晶、云母、绿柱石的波谱特征;之后分别基于中等分辨率遥感数据Landsat 8和高空间分辨率遥感数据Geoeye-1进行图像处理和信息提取,开展了地质填图应用初步研究。研究结果表明遥感技术作为一种新兴的技术手段,对甲基卡型锂矿的填图及找矿具有重要的指导意义,可以作为今后地质找矿工作的"先头兵"。     

三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷哈尔加乌组火山岩旋回与期次划分

为研究三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷哈尔加乌组火山岩油气藏的分布特征,需对火山岩的旋回和期次进行划分。通过薄片鉴定、单井喷发韵律识别、电性特征分析和地震反射特征分析对哈尔加乌组火山岩旋回和期次进行了厘定,认为哈尔加乌组火山岩主要为熔岩类和火山碎屑岩类,发育溢流相、由爆发相过渡为溢流相、爆发相、熔岩与火山碎屑岩或沉火山碎屑岩互层4种韵律类型,其中溢流相为主要韵律类型。对不同韵律进行组合,可将哈尔加乌组火山岩划分为4个喷发期次,4个喷发期次又可以组合为2个喷发亚旋回,该时期火山喷发主要呈现出喷发-宁静-喷发-宁静的过程。     

Helium, Argon, and Xenon Isotopic Compositions of Ore-formingFluids in Jinding-Baiyangping Polymetallic Deposits,Yunnan, Southwest China

The Jinding superlarge lead and zinc deposit has attracted the attention of geologists of the world and its metallogenesis has long been in dispute. This paper takes the Jinding deposit and the Baiyangping Cu-Ag-Co deposit which was recently found at about 30 km north of Jinding as one ore belt, and, based on researches on the helium, argon, and xenon isotopic compositions of primary inclusions in ore-forming solutions of the main stage, the authors have found that the 3He/4He ratio of the ore-forming fluid is 2.7′ 10- 6 (varying from 0.19 to 1.97 Ra), the 4He/40Ar ratio (0.24- 3.12) is close to the mantle characteristic ratio, and the xenon isotopic composition and evolution show characters of the mantle xenon. The above results reveal the characteristics of mantle source and crust-mantle fluid mixing (mantle helium reaching 32%) and the metallogenic contributions of the deep processes in the Jinding-Baiyangping ore belt.