Lithium-bearing Pegmatite Exploration in Western Altun,Xinjiang, using Remote-Sensing Technology

Western Altun in Xinjiang is an important area, where lithium(Li)-bearing pegmatites have been found in recent years. However, the complex terrain and harsh environment of western Altun exacerbates in prospecting for Li-bearing pegmatites. Therefore, remote-sensing techniques can be an effective means for prospecting Li-bearing pegmatites. In this study, the fault information and lithologyical information in the region were obtained using the median-resolution remotesensing image Landsat-8, the ...     

《中国矿产地质志》阶段性研编进展(2018—2021年)

《中国矿产地质志》研编工作历经十载,截至2021年底,完成了180余部志书的评审,正式出版发行了50部。研编内容涵盖了省级志书、全国性矿种组志书、区带志书和专题研究4个方面。通过志书研编,基本查明了我国矿产资源分布情况,对稀土、稀散、钨矿等矿种组取得了新的成矿理论认识,丰富了典型矿床研究内容; 多层次总结了我国矿产资源的区域成矿规律,编制了新一代的“五位一体”成矿规律图,突出反映了地层、构造、岩浆和成矿作用的时空演化规律; 深化了对矿床的成矿系列理论的研究,提出了6个序次组成的成矿系列序次,即在原有5个序次基础上增加了最高层次——成矿体系,并提出了从时间和空间2个维度对矿床成矿体系进行系统研究,以更好探索矿床成矿系列的时空分布、相互关系及其演化规律。     

The Metallogenetic Regularities of Lithium Deposits in China

Lithium resources support the development of high-technology industries. China has abundant lithium resources which are mainly distributed in Tibet,Qinghai,Sichuan and Jiangxi. Salt lakes in China have significant lithium reserves,but lithium is mainly produced from hard rock lithium deposits because the extraction from salt lakes requires further improvements. The hard rock lithium deposits mainly occur in granitic pegmatite in the Altay region of Xinjiang and the Jiajika deposit in western Sichuan Province; they mainly formed in the Mesozoic and occurred in a relatively stable stage during orogenic processes. On the basis of the information from 151 lithium deposits or spots,14 lithium metallogenic series were identified,and granitic pegmatite,granite,and sedimentary types were considered to be the main prediction types of lithium resources. Twelve lithium mineralization belts were divided and a series of maps showing the lithium metallogenetic regularity in China were drawn. We conclude that the hard rock and brine type of lithium resources possibly have a similar lithium source related to magmatism. The metallogenic features of the lithium in China were related with the distinct history of tectonic-magmatic activity in China. This study benefits the assessment of,and prospecting for,lithium resources in China.     

A Preliminary Review of the Metallogenic Regularity of Nickel Deposits in China

The nickel deposits mainly distributed in 19 provinces and autonomous regions in China are 339 ore deposits/occurrences, including 4 super large-scale deposits, 14 large-scale deposits, 26 middle-scale deposits, 75 small-scale deposits, and 220 mineralized occurrences. The prediction types of mineral resources of nickel deposits are magmatic type, marine sedimentary type and regolith type. The formation age is from the Neoarchean to the Cenozoic with two peaks in the Neoproterozoic and the late Paleozoic. The nickel deposits formed in the Neoproterozoic are located on the margin of the North China Block and Yangtze Block, and those formed in the late Paleozoic are mainly distributed in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), Emeishan and the Tarim Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs). Magmatic nickel deposits are mainly related with broken-up continental margin, post-collision extension of the orogenic belt and mantle plume. According to different tectonic backgrounds and main characteristics of magmatism, the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series types of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks can be divided into 4 subtypes: (1) the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in the broken-up continental margin, (2) the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in mantle plume magmatism, (3) the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in the subduction of the orogenic belt, and (4) the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in post-collision extension of the orogenic belt. We have discussed in this paper the typical characteristics and metallogenic models for Neoproterozoic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits related with broken-up continental margin, Cambrian marine sedimentary Ni-Mo-V deposits related with black shale, early Permian Ni-Cu deposits related with post-collision extension of the orogenic belt, late Permian Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits related with Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs), and Cenozoic Ni-Au deposits related with regolith. The broken-up continental margin, mantle plume and post-collision extension of the orogenic belt are important ore-forming geological backgrounds, and the discordogenic fault, mafic-ultramafic intrusion, high MgO primitive magma (high-MgO basaltic magma), deep magmatism, sulfur saturation and sulfide segregation are 6 important geological conditions for the magmatic nickel deposits.     

基于无人机可见光影像的高原丘陵盆地区山药植株识别

采用四旋翼无人机采集特色作物山药种植区影像,针对山药种植时间和管护水平差异导致的植株生长差异化特征,通过筛选红绿比值指数（RGRI）、过绿指数（ExG）和过绿减过红指数（ExG-ExR）等颜色指数获取山药植株最优颜色指数计算方法;以高斯高通滤波（GHPF）增强和保留山药植株高频信息,抑制杂草、玉米植株的噪声;结合田间测量山药植株数据,通过人机交互解译方法对图像滤波增强后的影像进行灰度分割和提取山药植株信息。结果表明：1）样区总体提取精度为91.14%,样区A、B、C的提取精度分别为90.94%、91.96%、90.81%,精度验证完整性为93.16%;2）随着山药植株多株连体生长复杂程度的增强,过绿指数具有的土壤与植被的分离性仍优于红绿比值指数和过绿减过红指数;3）使用高斯高通滤波能够有效消除杂草、玉米植株的影响,减小山药植株多株连接生长所产生的干扰;4）高斯高通滤波卷积核大小79×79适用于不同时相和不同生长情况的山药植株影像处理,针对不同的山药植株生长情况和不同时相的可见光影像,需调整灰度分割的阈值参数t,单株山药植株面积S由田间测量确定。该方法以快速灵活、低成本的方式识别和计算不同生长状态的山药植株数目,适用于喀斯特山区的精准农业监测研究和现代农业生产活动。     

浅议混凝土的温度裂缝

混凝土温度裂缝是一种比较难控制的缺陷的裂缝的产生原因是水泥的水化热,实践证明,采用高质量的水泥和恰当的水泥用量配比,加设钢筋网,加上良好的养护和妥善处理,能使大体积混凝土温度裂缝降低到最低限度,可以保证施工质量。     

GPS变形监测网的数据处理理论与方法

应用ＧＰＳ取代传统的地表变形监测网,可以提高外业观测的效率,而ＧＰＳ观测值上三维基线向量,平差结果是地心坐标系的三维坐标。通过多项重复观测数据的动态平差,可获得各监测站的三维移动,三维速率,并可求出加速率。本文研究了三维监测网的分期动态平差方法,平差基准的选取和平差成果的利用。     

赣南园岭寨大型钼矿岩石地球化学、成岩成矿年代学及其地质意义

江西省安远县园岭寨钼矿是南岭地区新发现的大型独立斑岩型钼矿床,矿体主要产出在园岭寨花岗斑岩与寻乌组变质岩的内外接触带中。通过对园岭寨钼矿系统的岩石学、地球化学和成岩成矿时代研究,结果表明,园岭寨花岗斑岩化学成分具有富K2O(6.52%～8.33%)、P2O5(0.17%～0.21%)、过铝质(A/CNK=1.33～1.59),高Mg#(53～68)、贫CaO(0.37%～2.99%)、Na2O(0.27%～1.01%)和K2O/Na2O>1的特征;微量元素以富含Rb,亏损Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素(LILE)和富含U、Pb、Nd、Zr、Hf等,亏损Nb、Ta、La、Ce、P、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE)为主要特征,Eu负异常不明显(δEu=0.80～0.90),(La/Yb)N=9.27～13.18,轻重稀土分馏明显。结合成因类型判别图解和矿物学特征,园岭寨斑岩为典型的S型花岗岩,以壳源物质的重熔为主,并受一定程度的幔源物质影响。利用LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄,获得了花岗斑岩的成岩年龄为165.49±0.59Ma(MSWD=1.4,n=19);利用辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年法,获得园岭寨钼矿床辉钼矿的结晶年龄为160±1～162.7±1.1Ma,属赣南燕山期第二次钼成矿作用(150～162Ma)。结合区域年代学资料和已知的矿床(点),指出本区进一步找矿工作应集中在中-晚侏罗世-早白垩世Mo、Pb、Zn等矿床的查找上。     

A Preliminary Review of Metallogenic Regularity of Molybdenum Deposits in China

Molybdenum is one of the dominant minerals in China because of its rich reserves.In recent years,outstanding breakthroughs have been made in molybdenum prospecting in China,and the distribution of molybdenum deposits in China is found to have a "planar pattern".In general,the molybdenum deposits are concentrated in eastern China,including the largest molybdenum reserves of Henan Province.In terms of the scale of molybdenum deposits,the identified resources of the superlarge deposits are the most important,which account for about 53% of the whole country,and those of the large deposits account for about 30%,those of the medium-sized deposits account for about 14%,those of the small-sized deposits,mine spots and mineralization account for about 3%.The molybdenum deposits are mainly classified as porphyry type,skarn type,hydrothermal(vein) type and sedimentary(metamorphic) type in genesis,and the identified resources of these types account for 85.75%,8.83%,2.79%and 2.63% of the total resources respectively.Based on the statistics of precise chronology data of molybdenites Re-Os,Mo-mineralization can be divided into 6 periods in Chinese geological history,which are Precambrian(800 Ma),Cambrian-Silurian(540-415 Ma,Caledonian),Devonian-Permian(400-290 Ma,Hecynian),Triassic(260-200 Ma,Indosinian),Jurassic-Cretaceous(195-70 Ma,Yanshanian) and Paleogene-Neogene(65-10 Ma,Himalayan).Mo mineralization during the Yanshanian period is the strongest one,in which about 76.69% of the Chinese total identified resources was formed.The second is the Himalayan period.According to spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of molybdenum deposits,the metallogenic regularity of molybdenum deposits was preliminarily summarized,and 41 level-Ⅲ molybdenum-forming belts,13 level-Ⅱ molybdenum-forming provinces and 4 level-Ⅰ molybdenum-forming domains were ascertained in the mainland of China.There are 39 metallogenic series of and 60 sub-series of molybdenum deposits with molybdenum as the dominant metal and corresponding representative molybdenum deposits proposed.Metallogenic lineages of molybdenum deposits were also established.Spatial-temporal evolution of different types of molybdenum deposits,and the relationship between Mo-mineralization and tectonic evolution have been discussed in this paper.On this basis,the authors think that element Mo is an effective tracer for recording the crustal evolution history of China.At present,there are some problems in the exploration of Mo deposits in China,such as uneven exploration degrees in eastern and western China,shallow exploration depth,low and uneven grade,complex associated components,difficulty of mineral development and utilization,increasing costs of prospecting,and so on.According to successful experience of superficial and deep prospecting and considering also the discussion above,some suggestions are proposed for the prospecting of molybdenum deposits in the future.     

电气石对成岩成矿环境的示踪性及应用条件

本文在系统查阅国内外文献的基础上，结合对我国部分地区电气石的研究，讨论了电气石在不同成岩成矿环境中的鉴别特征及应用条件。在以火山岩和以沉积岩为含矿岩石的块状硫化物矿床中，电气石通常为富镁的镁电气石－黑电气石固溶体系列。在花岗岩、伟晶岩和细晶岩中，电气石有镁电气石－黑电气石固溶体系列→黑电气石－锂电气石固溶体系列→锂电气石和镁电气石－黑电气石固溶体系列→黑电气石电两个方向。此外，还提出了应用电气石指