江西2003年夏季罕见高温气候特征及成因分析

对江西省2003年夏季罕见高温干旱的强度、气候历史地位、500hPa环流形势特征和海温特征等进行了分析。结果表明,2003年夏季高温强度在多项指标上均排建国以来第一位;在500hPa环流形势上具有特殊的分布特征;在前期环流形势场和海温场上具有一些前兆特征,有较好的预报意义。     

INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC HEAT SOURCES AND MOISTURE SINKS OVER THE EQUATORIAL PACIFIC AND THEIR RELATIONS TO THE SST ANOMALIES

The interannual variations of atmospheric heat sources and moisture sinks over the Equatorial Pacific and their relations with the SST anomalies are studied using ECMWF reanalysis data from 1979 to 1993. It is found by singular value decomposition (SVD)…     

CHARACTERISTICS OF ATMOSPHERIC HEAT SOURCE ASSOCIATED WITH THE SUMMER MONSOON ONSET OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND THE POSSIBLE MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE FOR ITS LATE OR EARLY ONSET

The characteristics of atmospheric heat source associated with the summer monsoon onset in the South China Sea (SCS) are studied using ECMWF reanalysis data from 1979 to 1993. A criterion of the SCS summer monsoon onset is defined by the atmospheric hea…     

Earthquake Disaster Management and Insurance

As one of the most powerful tools to reduce the earthquake loss, the Earthquake Disaster Management [EDM] and Insurance [EI] have been highlighted and have had a great progress in many countries in recent years. Earthquake disaster management includes a series of contents, such as earthquake hazard and risk analysis, vulnerability analysis of building and infrastructure, earthquake aware training, and building the emergency response system. EI, which has been included in EDM after this practice has been done for many years, include these contents: insurance model, financing. This paper presents the development of china in EDM and EI. The main contents include: (1) the statue and trend of earthquake disaster management and insurance in china; (2) the progresses and new methods about the seismic risk zonation and vulnerability analysis, and the future developing trend, the application of GIS in earthquake disaster assessment is introduced; (3) the way and illustration in building the earthquake disaster e     

云南墨江金厂金矿床含铬层状硅酸盐矿物成分标型特征

含铬绢云母类矿物在云南墨江金厂金矿床中广泛出现于黄铁铬绢英岩、黄铁硅质岩、黄铁铬云母岩和石英脉中。含铬绿泥石类矿物主要出现在石英脉、硅质岩、黄铁铬绢英岩中。蒙脱石出现于蚀变围岩中，而高岭石出现于富金石英脉中。本文通过对72个上述矿物电子探针数据的分析，确定了与其成因产状对应的含铬绢云母、含铬伊利石、含铬绿泥石、含铬蒙脱石、高岭石矿物的系列成分标型。研究表明，具最高铬含量的上述矿物样品均位于近金厂岩体穿脉的最北端。在铬铝云母SiO2-Cr2O3关系图上可以看出，不同成矿背景的铬铝绢云母，其Cr、Si离子数有分区特点，而本矿床的铬铝云母成分标型反映其富硅富铬的特点，与金厂超基性岩体的变质热液有关。     

曲线铁路路基下沉病害检测与分析

以阐明曲线铁路路基下沉病害检测、基床强度评估和病害成因分析方法为目标，采用轻便动力触探试验和土工试验方法对沪宁线下行k55 450-k55 500曲线路基下沉病害段进行了试验测试，根据轻便动力触探和土工试验结果，计算出曲线路基基床承载力，与曲线线路路基中总应力进行比较，评估了基床强度状况，分析出该段曲线铁路路基病害产生的成因。     

用VOF方法模拟静止浅水环境中的垂向紊动射流

以k-ε紊流模型为基础,针对浅水环境垂向射流的水面会有明显突起情况,采用VOF(Volume of Fluid)方法追踪自由面,建立了适合浅水环境垂向平面紊动射流的二维数学模型.对不同入射速度、水深、入射口宽度组合进行了大量的数值模拟实验,对整个流场的分布作了分析,发现自由面的分布特点和速度矢量场的分布特点相对应;中轴线附近的自由面隆起具有自相似性,文中给出了拟合表达式;由于水面的阻滞,中轴线上垂向速度的衰减较自由射流快,衰减规律随水深和射流宽度而异.     

四川雅安地质灾害时空预警试验区初步研究

借鉴美国旧金山湾和香港地区的经验,提出了地质灾害监测预警试验区建设和研究思路。经过近两年的工作,初步建成了四川雅安地质灾害监测预警试验区。取得的阶段性成果主要有:(1)根据现场考察和试验区地质灾害数据库,统计研究了降雨型滑坡的几何特征;(2)建成了由20台遥测雨量计构成的降雨观测网,取得了2002年4月～2003年8月的降雨观测数据;(3)结合历史降雨资料分析,初步研究了雅安试验区的年、日、小时和十分钟最大降雨特征;(4)研制了斜坡岩土体含水量野外监测仪,取得了桑树坡试验点2003年4月～8月的实时监测数据;(5)自上而下分4层研究了斜坡岩土层含水量变化,发现了岩土层含水量变化对降雨过程的滞后性;(6)基于区域地质灾害评价预警的递进分析理论与方法(AMFP),利用地质灾害因子分析结果,分别计算了雅安试验区地质灾害"发育度"和"潜势度";(7)利用2003年8月23～25日的过程降雨观测资料,对雅安试验区在该降雨过程中发生的地质灾害事件进行了时空预警反演模拟研究,计算出的地质灾害"危险度"分布比较符合实际,"危险度"可以作为预警指数使用。     

广东省东部地区的S波速度结构

利用广东省数字遥测台网记录到的2000年11月16日发生在所罗门群岛的两次Ms7．7和Ms7．8地震及2000年11月18日新爱尔兰地区的Ms7．3地震面波波形数据，测定了在广东地区汕头和韶关之间路径上的相速度频散曲线并反演得到了对应的地壳横波速度结构。结果表明该地区的地壳厚度为30km，上地壳横波速度变化较大，中下地壳相对均匀，没有发现地壳内部的低速层。     

2-D crustal Poisson’s ratio from seismic travel time inversion in Changbaishan Tianchi volcanic region

Based on the inversion method of 2D velocity structure and interface, the crustal velocity structures of P-wave and S-wave along the profile L ₁ are determined simultaneously with deep seismic sounding data in Changbaishan Tianchi volcanic region, and then its Poisson’s ratio is obtained. Calculated results show that this technique overcomes some defects of traditional forward calculation method, and it is also very effective to determine Poisson’s ratio distribution of deep seismic sounding profile, especially useful for study on volcanic magma and crustal fault zone. Study result indicates that there is an abnormally high Poisson’s ratio body that is about 30 km wide and 12 km high in the low velocity region under Tianchi crater. Its value of Poisson’s ratio is 8% higher than that of surrounding medium and it should be the magma chamber formed from melted rock with high temperature. There is a high Poisson’s ratio zone ranging from magma chamber to the top of crust, which may be the uprise passage of hot substance. The lower part with high Poisson’s ratio, which stretches downward to Moho, is possibly the extrusion way of hot substance from the uppermost mantle. The conclusions above are consistent with the study results of both tomographic determination of 3D crustal structure and magnetotelluric survey in this region. Foundation item: Key Project from China Earthquake Administration and the Project (95-11-02-01) from Ministry of Science and Technology (2001DIA10003). Contribution No. RCEG200401, Geophysical Exploration Center, China Earthquake Administration.