紫色土坡面水流跌坑形态特征及其成因

跌坑的形成是坡面侵蚀过程中的重要一环,是细沟开始出现的临界形态,跌坑的贯穿标志着细沟的形成。本研究采用模拟降雨与微地形测量相结合的方法,调查了不同雨强下紫色土坡面跌坑的发育过程及其形态分布。试验结果表明,降雨初期紫色土坡面水流跌坑边界模糊,横断面上跌坑基本在相同水平线上,与紫色土颗粒组成较粗有关;1.83～2.33 mm/min的雨强下,顺坡跌坑平均间距变化于8.2～9.4 mm之间,跌坑深度顺坡分布呈现较大的波动性,平均深度介于1.4～1.8 cm,总体上随雨强呈增大趋势;横断面上跌坑宽度变化相对较大,平均宽度介于9.4～16.3 cm,随雨强变化趋势不明显;跌坑水平间距除边界外相对稳定,地势低洼处优先形成跌坑,但也并非尽然;基于运动波理论分析认为,紫色土坡面跌坑的连续分布是坡面流运动波的能量周期性波动作用形成。     

VARIATION FEATURES OF SOMALI CROSS-EQUATORIAL FLOW AND ITS IMPACT ON THE LOCATION OF THE SUBTROPICAL HIGH RIDGE FROM JULY TO SEPTEMBER

The variation features of the cross-equatorial flow and its impact on the ridge position of the subtropical high have been analyzed in this paper. It is shown as follows. (1) The intensity of the Somalicross-equatorial flow is increasing in winter and summer in the past 44 years and the airflow of Northem Hemisphere exchanges more and more intensively with that of Southern Hemisphere. (2) The Somalicross-equatorial flow in May has the most impact on the ridge position of the subtropical high in the typhoon season, presenting a positive correlation. (3) The diagnosis is consistent with the real situation in 2005.     

中国地区日照时数近50年来的变化特征

根据国家气象信息中心给出的逐日日照时数资料, 利用经验正交函数分解(EOF)和Mann-Kendall方法分析了1956～2005年中国地区日照时数的变化趋势、突变情况、时空分布和季节变化特征。研究表明:中国绝大部分地区近50年来日照时数总量呈减少的趋势, 在1980年前后大部分观测站显示有突变, 20世纪 90年代之后减少趋势有所缓解, 保持在稳定偏低的状态;此类变化趋势在东南地区较西北地区更为显著。且日照时数的上述变化主要由于夏季日照的变化造成的。     

一种基于不平衡样本集的摩托车识别算法

提出了一种基于ＨＳＶ（Ｈｕｅ Ｓａｔｕｒａ ｔｉｏｎ Ｖａｌｕｅ）空间的Ｈａａｒ小波特征和多ＳＶＭ（ＳｕｐｐｏｒｔＶｅｃｔｏｒＭａｃｈｉｎｅ）分类器的摩托车识别算法,以解决因样本比例不平衡所导致的对摩托车识别性能差的问题．首先在ＨＳＶ颜色空间基于无符号小波系数构造特征提取算法,然后对训练数据应用所提出的样本重构方法得到若干训练子集,基于各个训练子集训练相应的ＳＶＭ分类器,识别时将各ＳＶＭ的输出结果进行融合即可得到最终识别结果．实验结果表明：该方法识别性能高,鲁棒性好,对于受数据的不平衡性严重影响的对象识别具有较好的应用和推广价值．     

基于有限体积HWENO格式的一维溃坝流模拟

基于浅水波方程组建立一维溃坝流模型,并给出数值模拟结果.其中,空间离散采用HWENO(Hermit Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory) 格式,时间离散采用四步TVD(Total Variation Diminishing)Runge-Kutta模拟堤坝溃决时洪水演进过程。模拟结果表明：较采用WENO格式所得数值解更精确-同时,相比WENO格式的相应算法,该算法解决一维溃坝流问题能更有效地减弱振荡,对间断具有更高的分辨率     

地电化学法在南澳大利亚寻找隐伏金矿的研究

地电化学法是一种借外加电场作用,将呈活动态的金属离子迁移到特制接收装置,收集并分析接收器上的电解物,可发现与矿有关的金属离子异常,从而达到找矿和评价目的的一种找矿方法。利用地电化学法在澳大利亚干燥近沙漠化钙质层覆盖区的Challenger金矿和Kalkaroo铜金矿进行可行性试验结果显示:在上述已知矿体的剖面上均测出了清晰的地电化学异常,而同时开展的土壤地球化学测量无异常显示。表明利用地电化学法在南澳大利亚干燥近沙漠化覆盖区寻找隐伏金属矿床是有效的。在此基础上,利用该方法在Challenger金矿区外围及深部进行了找矿预测,发现了3个有利的成矿靶区,并经工程验证发现1个金矿体,获得了相应的金储量,取得了良好的社会经济效益。     

Holocene precipitation and temperature variations in the East Asian monsoonal margin from pollen data from Hulun Lake in northeastern Inner Mongolia,China

Wen, R. L., Xiao, J. L., Chang, Z. G., Zhai, D. Y., Xu, Q. H., Li, Y. C. & Itoh, S. 2009: Holocene precipitation and temperature variations in the East Asian monsoonal margin from pollen data from Hulun Lake in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2009.00125.x. ISSN 0300‐9483. Quantitative palaeoclimatic reconstruction with the weighted averaging partial least squares method was applied to the pollen profile from Hulun Lake in northeastern Inner Mongolia. The data provide a detailed history of variations in precipitation and temperature over the northeastern margin of the East Asian summer monsoon during the Holocene. A warm and dry climate prevailed over the lake region until c. 8000 cal. BP. During the period c. 8000–4400 cal. BP, precipitation increased markedly and temperature gradually declined. The interval between c. 4400 and 3350 cal. BP was marked by extremely dry and relatively cold conditions. Precipitation recovered from c. 3350 to 1000 cal. BP, with temperatures rising c. 3350–2050 cal. BP and dropping c. 2050–1000 cal. BP. During the last 500 years, the climate of the lake region displayed a general trend of warming and wetting. While Holocene temperature variations in the mid‐high latitude monsoonal margin were controlled by changes in summer solar radiation in the Northern Hemisphere, they could also be related to the strength of the East Asian summer monsoon. The lack of precipitation during the early Holocene could be attributed to the weakened summer monsoon resulting from the existence of remnant ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere. Changes in the monsoonal precipitation during the middle to late Holocene would have been associated with the ocean–atmosphere interacting processes occurring in the western tropical Pacific.     

韩城区块煤层气定向井钻井工艺研究

陕西省韩城市是陕西省主要的煤炭生产基地之一,煤层气资源丰富,含气饱和度较好,是理想的靶区。利用定向钻进技术开采煤层气具有开采成本低、煤层气产量高的优点。本文以韩城区块WL2-015向1井为例阐述了煤层气定向井钻井工艺,并总结了煤层气定向钻进的相关施工经验。     

辽西山地缺水地区储水构造的特征和供水示范工程的建立

为了缓解辽西山区缺水村镇居民的饮水疾苦,中国地质调查局从2004年开始在该区实施了地下水勘查与供水示范项目。依据项目的勘查数据、取水示范工程并结合前人已有的成果,重点探讨了示范区储水构造的类型、典型储水构造的水文地质特征和供水工程建设。     

中国大地测量科学发展的若干问题

概述了大地测量学作为测绘基准、提供地理信息系统的基础框架作用。回顾了我国大地测量在建立国家平面基准、国家高程基准、国家重力基准等方面的情况。论述介绍了大地测量学当前发展的国际背景，提出了对我国大地测量学今后发展，如建立现代大地坐标框架和现代重力基准的目标和任务，以及改善国家高程基准等方面的考虑。