内蒙古查干凹陷毛11井发现中元古代晚期变质岩:锆石U-Pb定年证据

正1研究目的(Objective)内蒙古查干凹陷位于狼山以西、恩格尔乌苏断裂带以北,从构造单元上属于阿拉善地块。阿拉善地块元古宙归属问题还存在争论,有的观点认为属于华北克拉通西北缘的一部分;另一种观点认为属塔里木或者扬子克拉通。本文通过对查干凹陷毛11钻井下变质岩锆石年代学研究,为阿拉善地块基底归属提供新的年代学证据,同时为阿拉善地区提供一个新的基础资料。     

重塑压实黏土Ⅰ型断裂试验研究

为探究重塑黏土Ⅰ型断裂韧度,本文在前人研究基础上,通过对应变控制式直剪仪进行改造,消除了传统三点弯曲试验对土体断裂韧度测试所带来的影响,研制了土体Ⅰ型断裂韧度测试仪,并对重塑黏土进行了一系列试验。试验结果表明:新研制出的土体Ⅰ型断裂韧度测试仪具有较好的可靠性;对具有相同物理状态的试样,U 形裂纹试样的断裂韧度最大,三角形裂纹试样的断裂韧度最小;试样的含水率和干密度其断裂韧度KIC具有显著影响,随含水率增加,断裂韧度呈现先增后减的变化规律,而随干密度增加,断裂韧度几乎线性增加;在试验采用的加载速率范围内,加载速率对断裂韧度的影响较小。     

环境因素对毛乌素沙地旱柳树干液流的影响分析

在干旱-半干旱地区,研究植物的耗水特征及与气象因子、地下水水位的关系对水资源合理开发利用和生态环境保护具有重要的意义。采用原位监测方法,对气象、树干液流、土壤含水率和地下水水位进行了观测,研究了毛乌素沙地广泛分布及与地下水关系密切的旱柳与气象因子、土壤含水率以及地下水水位的关系。研究表明:水汽压亏缺和潜在蒸散发是控制旱柳耗水最重要的气象因素;研究期内,土壤含水率对旱柳耗水的影响较小;旱柳的耗水与地下水具有密切的关系,随着水位埋深的增大,旱柳的耗水先增大后减小,在水位埋深1.25 m处达到最大。利用地下水的昼夜波动计算了地下水的蒸散发消耗量,发现旱柳的用水与地下水的蒸散发消耗量具有一定的相关性,表明地下水是旱柳重要的用水水源。     

内蒙古西乌旗罕乌拉地区下二叠统寿山沟组碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

中亚造山带南缘二叠纪的构造背景一直存在争议。以内蒙古西乌旗罕乌拉地区发育的寿山沟组为研究对象,开展了野外地质、岩石学、碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄研究。2个样品锆石阴极发光图像和Th/U值指示,锆石为岩浆成因锆石。103颗碎屑锆石年龄测试结果显示,年龄信息可划分为5组:285~328Ma,峰期年龄302Ma;338~361Ma;455~490Ma;757Ma;1278Ma、2380Ma。最年轻的年龄为285Ma,结合侵入其中的花岗岩同位素年龄,指示西乌旗罕乌拉地区寿山沟组沉积时限介于285~280Ma之间,主体沉积时代应为早二叠世Sakmarian期—Artinskian期。寿山沟组碎屑锆石反映出近源、快速沉积的特点,沉积物源中含有较多的火山碎屑物,可能代表弧后盆地沉积,为早二叠世古亚洲洋闭合前洋壳俯冲消减作用的沉积响应。结合区域资料,寿山沟组碎屑锆石的年龄对应于东北地区的变质基底及其后的构造岩浆事件,物源区物质主要来自于苏尼特左旗—锡林浩特—西乌旗一带早石炭世末—晚石炭世岩浆弧及贺根山—东乌旗一带,并进一步限制了华北与西伯利亚两大板块的缝合线应位于寿山沟组发育地区的南部,即索伦缝合带,拼合时代最可能为晚二叠世—早三叠世。     

Laboratory investigations of inert gas flow behaviors in compact sandstone

The seepage evolution behavior of compact rock is significant for the stability and safety of many engineering applications. In this research, both hydrostatic and triaxial compression tests were conducted on compact sandstone using an inert gas, namely argon. A triaxial compression test with a water permeability measurement was carried out to study the difference between the gas permeability and water permeability evolutions during the complete stress–strain process. Based on the experimental data, the hydrostatic stress-dependent gas permeability was discussed firstly. A second-order function was proposed to predict and explain the gas slippage effect. The mechanical properties and crack development of the sandstone samples were discussed to better understand the permeability evolution with crack growth during the complete stress–strain process. The results show that the gas permeability evolution can be divided into five stages according to the different crack growth stages. Then, the permeability changes in the crack closure stress \( \sigma_{\text{cc}} \), crack initiation stress \( \sigma_{\text{ci}} \), crack damage stress \( \sigma_{\text{cd}} \) and peak stress \( \sigma_{\text{p}} \) with confining pressures were analyzed. Finally, we found that the difference between the corrected gas permeability and water permeability can be attributed to the interaction between the water and sandstone grains.     

A review of jet grouting practice and development

The jet grouting technique was originally initiated in the UK and progressively developed following the needs for larger geometries, ease of implementation, economic rationality, and better mechanical properties. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the development and practice of jet grouting through some fundamental concepts and relevant case studies. Subsequently, a laboratory testing program is performed to investigate the factors affecting the efficacy of the twin grouting system. The principal objective of this study is to define the suitable conditions for the jet grouting efficacy regarding economic rationality as well as quality control. For the first phase, a particular emphasis is placed on the properties of jet columns, site geological conditions, implementation methods, and the justification of each selected treatment option, while the second phase mainly focuses on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests. It follows that the mono-fluid jet grouting system presents a valuable flexibility in dealing with complex configurations; yet, the double- and triple-fluid systems are more indicated for cases of mass treatments for which large portions of space must be treated and overlapping is fundamentally important for the reliability of the treatment. Furthermore, it was established that the efficacy of the twin-jet method primarily relies on the proper adequacy of some critical parameters, namely, the cement content, the water-cement ratio, and cement slurry-water glass ratio. In spite of some uncertainties inherently related to the technique, the UCS test represents the quintessential laboratory index for evaluating the mechanical properties of grouted elements, deriving jet grouting efficacy and the economics of jet grouts.     

碘化氨除锡后封闭酸溶-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定锡矿石中的共生和伴生元素

锡矿石是难分解的矿物,主要存在形式是锡石(SnO_2),且共生和伴生元素多,常用的酸溶方法几乎不能溶解SnO_2,从而给锡矿石中的共生与伴生元素的准确测定带来困难。本文基于碘化氨在较低温度下熔融可产生无水状态的碘化氢,利用碘化氢的酸性和氨的还原性分解SnO_2,使Sn呈SnI_4升华分离的原理处理锡矿石。实验中以高纯铂丝作催化剂,加入碘化铵在450℃的马弗炉中分解锡矿石30 min,使得Sn以SnI_4形式挥发,除锡率达到98%以上,再用2 mL氢氟酸和1 mL硝酸封闭溶解残渣,电感耦合等离子体质谱测定钴镍铜铌钽钍铀等24个共生和伴生元素。元素检出限在0. 001～2. 9μg/g之间,90%以上元素的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%,相对误差小于10%。本方法解决了锡矿石难分解的问题,可测定共存金属元素,也适合测定Sn含量在1. 27%～62. 49%之间的锡矿石中的微量和痕量元素及锡精矿中的微量元素。     

中国可可托海世界地质公园地质遗迹资源类型及价值

正1地质公园简介中国可可托海世界地质公园位于亚洲中部内陆地区、中国新疆维吾尔自治区阿勒泰地区富蕴县、青河县境内;行政区划隶属新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州阿勒泰地区行政公署。公园总面积2337.90 km2,地理坐标:东经89°29'45″～90°11'54″,北纬46°42'04″～47°43'45″,海拔1072～3234 m(张成功     

新疆奥尔托喀讷什锰矿含锰岩系地质特征及成矿条件分析

新疆阿克陶县奥尔托喀讷什地区锰矿在近年来取得重大找矿突破,目前该锰矿区已累计查明资源储量1206.74万吨,矿床平均品位37.82%。本文通过钻探、坑探和各类地质测量全面分析了奥尔托喀讷什地区的区域地质特征、赋矿地层及锰矿的矿床地质特征和成因。查明了区内地层层序,并确定上石炭统喀拉阿特河组第三岩性段（C2k3）是本区主要的含锰岩系,是锰矿体的主要赋存层位。探明了区内矿体的产出形态、规模、产状、矿石类型及结构构造,分析了区内锰矿形成的地质背景、成矿条件,并初步建立了奥尔托喀讷什锰矿的成矿模式,进而为该区找矿突破提供了理论支撑。     

浅水三角洲前缘砂体地震沉积学研究--以松南乾安地区上白垩统青三段为例

浅水三角洲前缘砂体是松辽盆地主要勘探开发目标之一,由于该类储层砂泥岩薄互层十分发育,一直以来都是储层预测中的难点。利用覆盖全区的三维地震资料和已有钻井、测井信息,在建立研究区青三段高分辨率层序地层格架的基础之上,运用"相位调整-地震相-地层切片"的地震沉积学综合研究方法,对松辽盆地南部乾安地区上白垩统青山口组三段的砂体类型、特征及层序格架内砂体演化规律作了进一步探讨。研究表明,青三段可划分为2个三级层序,三级层序内进一步划分为12个四级层序;地震资料进行相位调整后,将地震同相轴与岩相建立相互对应关系,红色波峰代表偏砂相,黑色波谷代表偏泥相;在四级层序约束下提取典型地层切片,并识别出枝状水下分流河道、曲流状水下分流河道和末端水下分流河道3类主要砂体,各类砂体具有不同的地震相特征;SQ1三级层序早期以发育末端水下分流河道为主,晚期以发育枝状水下分流河道和曲流状水下分流河道为主。SQ2三级层序湖侵体系域早期以发育枝状水下分流河道为主,晚期以发育末端水下分流河道为主。SQ2三级层序湖退体系域以发育枝状水下分流河道和曲流状水下分流河道为主。