甘孜州九龙县水土流失评价研究

本文以九龙县为研究区,根据沟壑密度、坡度、植被盖度、土地利用类型和高程5个因子,结合ARC-GIS空间分析功能和MATLAB数学建模编程的功能,应用GA-BP模型(遗传算法优化BP神经网络)对研究区的水土流失进行非线性智能定量评价,并与层次分析法的结果对比分析,阐述了GA-BP模型的优越性。本次研究可以为九龙县水土流失预防和治理提供有益的参考。     

紫色土坡面水流跌坑形态特征及其成因

跌坑的形成是坡面侵蚀过程中的重要一环,是细沟开始出现的临界形态,跌坑的贯穿标志着细沟的形成。本研究采用模拟降雨与微地形测量相结合的方法,调查了不同雨强下紫色土坡面跌坑的发育过程及其形态分布。试验结果表明,降雨初期紫色土坡面水流跌坑边界模糊,横断面上跌坑基本在相同水平线上,与紫色土颗粒组成较粗有关;1.83～2.33 mm/min的雨强下,顺坡跌坑平均间距变化于8.2～9.4 mm之间,跌坑深度顺坡分布呈现较大的波动性,平均深度介于1.4～1.8 cm,总体上随雨强呈增大趋势;横断面上跌坑宽度变化相对较大,平均宽度介于9.4～16.3 cm,随雨强变化趋势不明显;跌坑水平间距除边界外相对稳定,地势低洼处优先形成跌坑,但也并非尽然;基于运动波理论分析认为,紫色土坡面跌坑的连续分布是坡面流运动波的能量周期性波动作用形成。     

ANALYSIS OF THE WESTWARD EXTENSION OFWESTERN PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH DURING A HEAVY RAIN PERIOD OVERSOUTHERN CHINA IN JUNE 2005

The NCEP/NCAR II daily mean reanalysis data and observed precipitation data are employed to investigate the westward extension of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) during the heavy rain period over the southern China in June 2005. Results show that there may exist a relationship between the east-west shift of the WPSH and the process of a southern China heavy rain. The analysis indicates that the vertical motion in the WPSH area is mainly caused by the latent heat release of monsoon rain belts on its northern and southern sides. The vertical motion could cause the accumulation of air mass in the center and west of the WPSH, which leads to its strengthening. The appearance of the northern and southern monsoon rain belts could not only enhance the WPSH by strengthening the descending draft, but also excite the development of positive vorticity and restrict the WPSH’s movement in the north–south direction. Moreover, the Indian monsoon rainfall to the west of the WPSH may excite the development of anticyclonic vorticity on its eastern side, which leads to the westward extension of the WPSH.     

VARIATION FEATURES OF SOMALI CROSS-EQUATORIAL FLOW AND ITS IMPACT ON THE LOCATION OF THE SUBTROPICAL HIGH RIDGE FROM JULY TO SEPTEMBER

The variation features of the cross-equatorial flow and its impact on the ridge position of the subtropical high have been analyzed in this paper. It is shown as follows. (1) The intensity of the Somalicross-equatorial flow is increasing in winter and summer in the past 44 years and the airflow of Northem Hemisphere exchanges more and more intensively with that of Southern Hemisphere. (2) The Somalicross-equatorial flow in May has the most impact on the ridge position of the subtropical high in the typhoon season, presenting a positive correlation. (3) The diagnosis is consistent with the real situation in 2005.     

中国地区日照时数近50年来的变化特征

根据国家气象信息中心给出的逐日日照时数资料, 利用经验正交函数分解(EOF)和Mann-Kendall方法分析了1956～2005年中国地区日照时数的变化趋势、突变情况、时空分布和季节变化特征。研究表明:中国绝大部分地区近50年来日照时数总量呈减少的趋势, 在1980年前后大部分观测站显示有突变, 20世纪 90年代之后减少趋势有所缓解, 保持在稳定偏低的状态;此类变化趋势在东南地区较西北地区更为显著。且日照时数的上述变化主要由于夏季日照的变化造成的。     

一种基于不平衡样本集的摩托车识别算法

提出了一种基于ＨＳＶ（Ｈｕｅ Ｓａｔｕｒａ ｔｉｏｎ Ｖａｌｕｅ）空间的Ｈａａｒ小波特征和多ＳＶＭ（ＳｕｐｐｏｒｔＶｅｃｔｏｒＭａｃｈｉｎｅ）分类器的摩托车识别算法,以解决因样本比例不平衡所导致的对摩托车识别性能差的问题．首先在ＨＳＶ颜色空间基于无符号小波系数构造特征提取算法,然后对训练数据应用所提出的样本重构方法得到若干训练子集,基于各个训练子集训练相应的ＳＶＭ分类器,识别时将各ＳＶＭ的输出结果进行融合即可得到最终识别结果．实验结果表明：该方法识别性能高,鲁棒性好,对于受数据的不平衡性严重影响的对象识别具有较好的应用和推广价值．     

基于有限体积HWENO格式的一维溃坝流模拟

基于浅水波方程组建立一维溃坝流模型,并给出数值模拟结果.其中,空间离散采用HWENO(Hermit Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory) 格式,时间离散采用四步TVD(Total Variation Diminishing)Runge-Kutta模拟堤坝溃决时洪水演进过程。模拟结果表明：较采用WENO格式所得数值解更精确-同时,相比WENO格式的相应算法,该算法解决一维溃坝流问题能更有效地减弱振荡,对间断具有更高的分辨率     

地电化学法在南澳大利亚寻找隐伏金矿的研究

地电化学法是一种借外加电场作用,将呈活动态的金属离子迁移到特制接收装置,收集并分析接收器上的电解物,可发现与矿有关的金属离子异常,从而达到找矿和评价目的的一种找矿方法。利用地电化学法在澳大利亚干燥近沙漠化钙质层覆盖区的Challenger金矿和Kalkaroo铜金矿进行可行性试验结果显示:在上述已知矿体的剖面上均测出了清晰的地电化学异常,而同时开展的土壤地球化学测量无异常显示。表明利用地电化学法在南澳大利亚干燥近沙漠化覆盖区寻找隐伏金属矿床是有效的。在此基础上,利用该方法在Challenger金矿区外围及深部进行了找矿预测,发现了3个有利的成矿靶区,并经工程验证发现1个金矿体,获得了相应的金储量,取得了良好的社会经济效益。     

Holocene precipitation and temperature variations in the East Asian monsoonal margin from pollen data from Hulun Lake in northeastern Inner Mongolia,China

Wen, R. L., Xiao, J. L., Chang, Z. G., Zhai, D. Y., Xu, Q. H., Li, Y. C. & Itoh, S. 2009: Holocene precipitation and temperature variations in the East Asian monsoonal margin from pollen data from Hulun Lake in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2009.00125.x. ISSN 0300‐9483. Quantitative palaeoclimatic reconstruction with the weighted averaging partial least squares method was applied to the pollen profile from Hulun Lake in northeastern Inner Mongolia. The data provide a detailed history of variations in precipitation and temperature over the northeastern margin of the East Asian summer monsoon during the Holocene. A warm and dry climate prevailed over the lake region until c. 8000 cal. BP. During the period c. 8000–4400 cal. BP, precipitation increased markedly and temperature gradually declined. The interval between c. 4400 and 3350 cal. BP was marked by extremely dry and relatively cold conditions. Precipitation recovered from c. 3350 to 1000 cal. BP, with temperatures rising c. 3350–2050 cal. BP and dropping c. 2050–1000 cal. BP. During the last 500 years, the climate of the lake region displayed a general trend of warming and wetting. While Holocene temperature variations in the mid‐high latitude monsoonal margin were controlled by changes in summer solar radiation in the Northern Hemisphere, they could also be related to the strength of the East Asian summer monsoon. The lack of precipitation during the early Holocene could be attributed to the weakened summer monsoon resulting from the existence of remnant ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere. Changes in the monsoonal precipitation during the middle to late Holocene would have been associated with the ocean–atmosphere interacting processes occurring in the western tropical Pacific.     

祁连山冻土区天然气水合物及其基本特征

2008年11月5日, 由中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所、勘探技术研究所和青海煤炭地质局105勘探队施工的“祁连山冻土区天然气水合物科学钻探工程”DK-1孔取得重大突破, 成功钻获天然气水合物实物样品。这是我国冻土区首次钻获并检测出的天然气水合物实物样品, 也是世界上第一次在中低纬度高原冻土区发现的天然气水合物, 具有重要的科学、经济和环境意义。目前钻获的天然气水合物均产于冻土层之下, 产出深度133~396 m, 其层位属于中侏罗统江仓组。水合物以薄层状、片状、团块状赋存于粉砂岩、泥岩、油页岩的裂隙中, 或以浸染状赋存于细粉砂岩的孔隙中。祁连山冻土区天然气水合物具有埋深浅、冻土层 薄、气体组分复杂、以煤层气为主等特征, 应是一种新类型水合物。