华北克拉通五台群LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征

通过对五台群石咀亚群金刚库组4个典型样品的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素研究,对五台群的形成时代及华北克拉通新太古代—古元古代期间的地壳演化进行了探讨。锆石U-Pb同位素测定结果表明,侵入金刚库组中的片麻状花岗岩锆石的U-Pb年龄为2548Ma,因此五台群的上限年龄约为2.5Ga;金刚库组黑云母石英片岩和片麻状石英闪长岩的原岩锆石U-Pb年龄分别为2663Ma和2636Ma,因此五台群的下限年龄约为2.7Ga。五台群的地质年龄为2.5~2.7Ga,属于新太古代。锆石Hf同位素研究结果表明,黑云母石英片岩和片麻状石英闪长岩的二阶段Hf模式年龄(tDM2)均为2.8Ga左右,指示2.8Ga左右是五台山区乃至整个华北克拉通地壳生长的重要时期;片麻状花岗岩tDM2平均为2.57Ga,与锆石结晶年龄非常接近,表明2.5Ga左右也是华北克拉通地壳的主要增生期。地壳的增长是幕式的,2.8Ga和2.5Ga都是华北克拉通地壳生长时期。     

内蒙古额济纳旗西部ZK0-1井二叠系烃源岩特征及其意义

银额盆地以古生界为目的层的钻井极少,获得的钻井岩心更是十分有限。对银额盆地西部路北凸起带ZK0-1井揭示的地层岩性组合特征进行分析,在此基础上对下二叠统暗色泥岩层段岩心系统地采集烃源岩样品,并进行有机质丰度、干酪根类型、有机质成熟度等地球化学特征分析。结果表明,银额盆地路北凸起带二叠系烃源岩厚度大(单层厚度大于43m),有机质丰度高(平均有机碳含量为3.1%),为以Ⅱ型干酪根为主、低成熟—成熟演化阶段的良好烃源岩。通过与二叠系地表剖面烃源岩地球化学特征对比,探讨了风化作用对烃源岩评价指标的影响。     

附加系统参数的多时相InSAR时空建模和形变估计

轨道误差和长波大气延迟组成的系统误差是影响InSAR形变监测精度的重要因素之一.传统方法在空间域对干涉图的系统误差建模,容易导致长波形变和系统误差相混淆.本文在时空域利用附加系统参数对系统误差建模,同时根据观测值质量对差分相位观测值定权,采用附加系统参数的加权最小二乘法估计形变参数和系统误差,实现了长波形变和系统误差的分离.模拟实验结果表明,在形变与系统误差的空间变化特性完全一致的极端情况下,本文方法能实现两者的有效分离,估计的形变速率均方根误差比传统方法降低了98.8%.ASAR数据实验显示当形变尺度较小且分散分布时,本文方法和传统方法得到的结果相似;当形变在研究区内表现为长波变化时,本文方法比传统方法估计的形变结果更为稳健.     

干冷空气入侵台风"海棠"残余低压引发的华北地区大暴雨分析

利用地面逐小时观测资料、NCEP/NCAR (1°×1°)再分析资料、FY-2F卫星加密观测(6 min分辨率)的云顶亮温(TBB)和常规观测资料,对1710号台风"海棠"残余低压北上与冷空气结合导致华北东部大暴雨天气过程进行分析。结果表明:(1)该华北东部大暴雨过程分为两个主要时段,2017年8月1日23时—2日20时(北京时)华北东南部暴雨,由台风残余低压产生,8月2日20时—3日11时华北东北部暴雨,是由减弱变性的台风环流与西风槽东移带来的干冷空气结合进而导致新生气旋和低涡产生引起。(2) 8月2日20时,台风与冷空气逐渐结合,干冷空气从对流层中高层进入变性台风北部,造成位涡下传,进而导致对流层低层形成低涡、地面形成新生气旋,同时激发出中尺度对流系统,系统稳定发展并缓慢向东北方向移动,导致持续近5 h的短时强降雨。(3)暴雨水汽来源主要有两部分,一是台风本身携带来的由南风输送的水汽,二是来自黄渤海由东风输送的水汽,二者结合后从对流层低层将水汽带至华北东北部,且在燕山前形成了水汽强辐合,为该暴雨过程大提供充足的水汽条件。     

Month-Long Simulations of Gravity Waves over North America and North Atlantic in Comparison with Satellite Observations

Mesoscale simulations of gravity waves in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over North America and North Atlantic Ocean in January 2003 are compared with satellite radiance measurements from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A). Four regions of strong gravity wave (GW) activities are found in the model simulations and the AMSU-A observations: the northwestern Atlantic, the U.S. Rockies, the Appalachians, and Greenland. GWs over the northwestern Atlantic Ocean are associated with the midlatitude baroclinic jet-front system, while the other three regions are apparently related to high topography. Model simulations are further used to analyze momentum fluxes in the zonal and meridional directions. It is found that strong westward momentum fluxes are prevalent over these regions over the whole period. Despite qualitative agreement between model simulations and satellite measurements, sensitivity experiments demonstrate that the simulated GWs are sensitive to the model spin-up time.     

近50年来乌兰乌苏多种天气事件变化特征研究

利用乌兰乌苏镇1964～2012年的气象资料,选取逐年平均气温、极端最高气温、极端最低气温、大风、雷暴、沙尘暴、沙尘天气及大雾、轻雾天气出现的天数作为分析对象,运用3年移动平均法、回归分析法、非参数检验方法的Mann-Kendall趋势检验和突变检验法以及小波分析法,进行了多种天气事件的年纪变化趋势分析.结果表明：（1）大雾天气的发生日数呈增加趋势,沙尘天气、沙尘暴天气、轻雾天气、大风天气和雷暴天气的发生日数都呈减少趋势,其中大风天气发生日数减少趋势最为明显.（2）平均气温、年极端最高气温、年极端最低气温、大雾天气、轻雾天气、沙尘暴天气、雷暴天气和沙尘天气在研究时段都出现了突变,且平均气温、轻雾天气、沙尘天气和雷暴天气在突变之后不久都达到了极显著的上升或者下降变化趋势.（3）平均气温、年极端最低气温、年极端最高气温、大雾天气、雷暴天气和大风天气有明显的周期性,但是不同的气象要素周期性长短是不同的,沙尘、沙尘暴和轻雾天气则没有明显的周期性.     

Intraseasonal Oscillation in Global Ocean Temperature Inferred from Argo

The intraseasonal oscillation(ISO;14-97-day periods) of temperature in the upper 2000 m of the global ocean was studied based on Argo observations from 2003-2008.It is shown that near the surface the ISO existed mainly in a band east of 60 E,between 10 S and 10 N,and the region around the Antarctic Circumpolar Current(ACC).At other levels analyzed,the ISOs also existed in the regions of the Kuroshio,the Gulf Stream,the Indonesian throughflow,the Somalia current,and the subtropical countercurrent(STCC) of the North Pacific.The intraseasonal signals can be seen even at depths of about 2000 m in some regions of the global ocean.The largest amplitude of ISO appeared at the thermocline of the equatorial Pacific,Atlantic and Indian Ocean,with maximum standard deviation(STD) exceeding 1.2 C.The ACC,the Kuroshio,and the Gulf Stream regions all exhibited large STD for all levels analyzed.Especially at 1000 m,the largest STD appeared in the south and southeast of South Africa-a part of the ACC,with a maximum value that reached 0.5 C.The ratios of the intraseasonal temperature variance to the total variance at 1000 m and at the equator indicated that,in a considerable part of the global deep ocean,the ISO was dominant in the variations of temperature,since such a ratio exceeded even 50% there.A case study also confirmed the existence of the ISO in the deep ocean.These results provide useful information for the design of field observations in the global ocean.Analysis and discussion are also given for the mechanism of the ISO.     

Recent trends in winter temperature extremes in eastern China and their relationship with the Arctic Oscillation and ENSO

Interannual variations in the number of winter extreme warm and cold days over eastern China （EC） and their relationship with the Arctic Oscillation （AO） and E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） were investigated using an updated temperature dataset comprising 542 Chinese stations during the period 1961- 2011. Results showed that the number of winter extreme warm （cold） days across EC experienced a significant increase （decrease） around the mid-1980s, which could be attributed to interdecadal variation of the East Asian Winter Monsoon （EAWM）. Probability distribution functions （PDFs） of winter temperature extremes in different phases of the AO and ENSO were estimated based on Generalized Extreme Value Distribution theory. Correlation analysis and the PDF technique consistently demonstrated that interannual variation of winter extreme cold days in the northern part of EC （NEC） is closely linked to the AO, while it is most strongly related to the ENSO in the southern part （SEC）. However, the number of winter extreme warm days across EC has little correlation with both AO and ENSO. Furthermore, results indicated that, whether before or after the mid-1980s shift, a significant connection existed between winter extreme cold days in NEC and the AO. However, a significant connection between winter extreme cold days in SEC and the ENSO was only found after the mid-1980s shift. These results highlight the different roles of the AO and ENSO in influencing winter temperature extremes in different parts of EC and in different periods, thus providing important clues for improving short-term climate prediction for winter temperature extremes.     

脉冲星射电辐射束半径与周期关系的研究

脉冲星的周期非常稳定.前人通过研究发现脉冲星射电辐射束半径大小应该正比于周期的-1/3或-1/2次方.通过整理收集了87颗信噪比很好的、偏振位置角明显为"S"曲线的脉冲星数据,用脉冲星辐射束几何模型计算得到了每颗脉冲星的辐射束半径及误差.发现脉冲星周期小于0.85 s时,辐射束半径正比于周期的-1/2次方.周期大于0.85 s时,辐射束半径与周期之间并没有明显的幂律关系,但这可能与选择效应有关.当假设脉冲星的磁倾角为90?时,计算得到的辐射束半径随周期分布的下边界正比于周期的-1/2次方,与前人的结论一致.     

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