高烈度区大跨刚构-连续梁桥地震响应分析

为研究大跨刚构-连续梁桥在高烈度地区的地震响应,选取羊记沟左线大桥为工程背景,利用Midas软件建立多个有限元模型,考虑纵、横桥向的水平地震波输入,比较反应谱与时程分析结果,获得结构动力响应特点,为大跨刚构-连续梁桥的抗震设计提供参考依据。结果表明:刚构-连续体系仅单墩刚构时不宜采用反应谱分析,高烈度地区桥梁进行地震响应时程分析时,选用与场地适应的地震波的同时,应考虑采用本地地震参数转化人工波作为地震激励源。桥墩不等高时,可通过改变墩截面形状及其与主梁连接方式调节内力分布,避免矮墩刚度大导致的内力集中。     

基于GIS分析的泰安市地质灾害风险评价

泰安市地处鲁中山区,山地丘陵广泛分布,崩塌、滑坡、泥石流和岩溶塌陷等地质灾害较为发育。本次研究依托新一轮1∶5万地质灾害风险普查,基于ArcGIS平台空间分析功能对高精度DEM、构造、工程地质和水文地质、降雨及植被等数据分析和提取,利用信息量法和层次分析法分别对崩滑泥石流和岩溶塌陷易发性评价,以降雨作为危险性评价因子,综合考虑人口和经济因素选择用地类型作为易损性条件进行风险区划,最终划分为地质灾害风险高、中、低3个等级,为今后有效开展自然灾害综合防治、衔接国土空间规划和保障经济社会可持续发展提供基础依据。     

沉积物粒度组分空间预测的神经网络残余kriging方法

针对近海表层沉积物粒度组分空间变异的尺度差异性,提出了基于广义回归神经网络残余kriging的沉积物粒度组分空间预测方法,并以海州湾沉积物粒度数据为基础,分析了其在沉积物粒度组分空间预测和底质类型制图中的应用效果。结果表明,广义回归神经网络残余kriging方法能够获得比普通kriging方法更高的沉积物粒度组分空间预测精度,并且其底质类型的总体空间预测精度达到85%以上,相应的Kappa系数也在0.8以上,显示底质制图的预测类型与样本的实测类型具有较高的一致性。新方法对于开展定量化的沉积物粒度组分空间预测和底质类型制图具有参考价值。     

安宁河-则木河断裂带及周边地区Rayleigh波群速度背景噪声成像研究

安宁河-则木河断裂带位于川滇地块、巴颜喀拉地块和华南地块的交接部位,是川滇菱形块体的东部重要边界。利用布设在安宁河-则木河断裂带周边区域的西昌台阵和川西台阵均历时两年、共187个宽频带地震台站的垂直分量的背景噪声数据,采用噪声层析成像方法获得了这一区域4~20s的Rayleigh波群速度分布图像。与前人研究相比,本文结果的横向分辨率有明显改进,在安宁河-则木河断裂带可达20km左右,在其它区域可以达到20~40km。成像结果表明,安宁河-则木河断裂地区上地壳的速度结构存在明显横向不均匀性,速度分布特征与地表地质构造基本一致,不同周期的速度分布变化较小。盐源盆地、西昌盆地和四川盆地西南缘表现为低速异常。九龙附近和南部的德昌-盐边-巧家附近表现为高速异常,分别与出露的花岗岩体和峨眉山玄武岩有关。在安宁河断裂南段和则木河断裂北段能观测到断裂两侧的速度存在明显差异,其余断裂带两侧的速度对比不明显。贡嘎山附近的中上地壳表现为明显的低速异常,其东侧和西南侧高速体的阻挡,以及鲜水河-安宁河断裂带走向的变化,在贡嘎山区形成一个挤压弯曲段,使得川滇菱形块体的东南向水平运动转换为垂直于断裂的挤压作用和垂直隆升,导致了贡嘎山的快速隆起。     

镇江地震台网理论监测能力评估

基于近震震级公式,对镇江地震台网理论监测能力进行评估,绘制地震监测能力图,以确定监测区不同地点发生地震时能被台网有效分析和定位的地震最小震级。镇江市句容县在该台网理论监测震级最小,为ML1.2—1.3;在镇江及相邻城市,发生M_L 1.8分析认为,以上地震均能被有效监测。     

基于三维层状介质模型地震层析成像正演网格研究

地震层析成像技术是研究地层速度结构的一个重要手段,该技术是利用震源到接收点的地震波走时或波形的观测数据,结合建立的数学物理模型来重建地层速度结构。而层析成像正演模拟的精度将直接影响反演出的速度与地层真实速度的拟合度,因此找出一种精度较高的层析成像正演模拟算法是非常重要的。本文针对三维层状介质,通过网格化模型,采用最小走时射线追踪方法展开层析成像正演研究,分别采用三角形网格、矩形网格和六边形网格进行模型参数化,并对比分析各自正演结果的精度,总结出针对三维层状介质模型的最佳网格划分方式。      

基于X射线连续谱的光子计数探测器能量标定方法

随着探测器技术的发展,具有能量分辨能力的光子计数探测器在X射线能谱CT成像中应用越来越广泛。能量与阈值的对应关系对能谱CT成像具有重要意义,受到实验条件的限制,目前的光子计数探测器的能量标定方法有一定的局限性。针对光子计数探测器的单像素标定问题,本文提出一种基于X射线光机连续谱的能量标定方法,通过建立和分析X光谱模型,利用光机连续谱中高能端的能量信息,得到阈值与能量之间的关系。实验结果表明该方法操作方便,对探测器单像素标定结果较为准确,对其他类型光子计数探测器的标定具有参考意义。      

Subduction and retreating of the western Pacific plate resulted in lithospheric mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain respond in the North China Craton

The North China Craton (NCC) witnessed Mesozoic vigorous tectono-thermal activities and transition in the nature of deep lithosphere. These processes took place in three periods: (1) Late Paleozoic to Early Jurassic (～170 Ma); (2) Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (160–140 Ma); (3) Early Cretaceous to Cenozoic (140 Ma to present). The last two stages saw the lithospheric mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain response within the North China Craton due to subduction and retreating of the Paleo-Pacific plate, and is the emphasis in this paper. In the first period, the subduction and closure of the Paleo- Asian Ocean triggered the back-arc extension, syn-collisional compression and then post-collisional extension accompanied by ubiquitous magmatism along the northern margin of the NCC. Similar processes happened in the southern margin of the craton as the subduction of the Paleo-Tethys ocean and collision with the South China Block. These processes had caused the chemical modification and mechanical destruction of the cratonic margins. The margins could serve as conduits for the asthenosphere upwelling and had the priority for magmatism and deformation. The second period saw the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk ocean and the shear deformation and magmatism induced by the drifting of the Paleo-Pacific slab. The former led to two pulse of N-S trending compression (Episodes A and B of the Yanshan Movement) and thus the pre-existing continental marginal basins were disintegrated into sporadically basin and range province by the Mesozoic magmatic plutons and NE-SW trending faults. With the anticlockwise rotation of the Paleo-Pacific moving direction, the subduction-related magmatism migrated into the inner part of the craton and the Tanlu fault became normal fault from a sinistral one. The NCC thus turned into a back-arc extension setting at the end of this period. In the third period, the refractory subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) was firstly remarkably eroded and thinned by the subduction-induced asthenospheric upwelling, especially those beneath the weak zones (i.e., cratonic margins and the lithospheric Tanlu fault zone). Then a slightly lithospheric thickening occurred when the upwelled asthenosphere got cool and transformed to be lithospheric mantle accreted (～125 Ma) beneath the thinned SCLM. Besides, the magmatism continuously moved southeastward and the extensional deformations preferentially developed in weak zones, which include the Early Cenozoic normal fault transformed from the Jurassic thrust in the Trans-North Orogenic Belt, the crustal detachment and the subsidence of Bohai basin caused by the continuous normal strike slip of the Tanlu fault, the Cenozoic graben basins originated from the fault depression in the Trans-North Orogenic Belt, the Bohai Basin and the Sulu Orogenic belt. With small block size, inner lithospheric weak zones and the surrounding subductions/collisions, the Mesozoic NCC was characterized by (1) lithospheric thinning and crustal detachment triggered by the subduction-induced asthenospheric upwelling. Local crustal contraction and orogenesis appeared in the Trans-North Orogenic Belt coupled with the crustal detachment; (2) then upwelled asthenosphere got cool to be newly-accreted lithospheric mantle and crustal grabens and basin subsidence happened, as a result of the subduction zone retreating. Therefore, the subduction and retreating of the western Pacific plate is the outside dynamics which resulted in mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain respond within the North China Craton. We consider that the Mesozoic decratonization of the North China Craton, or the Yanshan Movement, is a comprehensive consequence of complex geological processes proceeding surrounding and within craton, involving both the deep lithospheric mantle and shallow continental crust.     

Interannual modulation of intraseasonal sea level variability along the southern coast of Java

The intraseasonal variability(ISV) of sea level anomalies(SLAs) along the southern coast of Java and its interannual modulation were studied based on a gridded SLA product produced from the Archiving, Validation, and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanography dataset. This ISV is induced by the propagation of intraseasonal Kelvin waves derived from the central equatorial Indian Ocean(EIO). Wavelet analysis and empirical mode decomposition of intraseasonal SLAs along the southern coast of Java showed interannual variability, with weaker ISV events during El Ni years and positive Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD) years than during normal years. This interannual modulation of the ISV is influenced by the El Ni-Southern Oscillation teleconnection via the Walker Circulation and eastern Indian Ocean upwelling connected to IOD events. The anomalously weaker Walker Circulation during El Ni events generates anomalous surface easterlies over the central-eastern tropical Indian Ocean that produce upwelling Kelvin waves in the EIO and offshore water transport along the southern coasts of Sumatra and Java, resulting in negative SLAs along the southern coast of Java. These negative SLAs damp the positive SLAs induced by the eastward propagation of downwelling Kelvin waves from the central EIO during the following March–May of El Ni years. Similar features of SLAs and sea surface wind anomalies also occur during positive IOD years. Consequently, the sea level ISV along the southern coast of Java is weaker in El Ni and positive IOD years.     

含偏心点声源的随钻测井声场模拟和地层各向异性反演研究

地层横波波速测量以及各向异性评价是目前随钻声波测井应用及方法研究的难题之一.针对这些问题,本文试图从钻铤上的偏心点声源在各向异性地层中的响应出发,寻求和探讨解决方案.我们基于三维有限差分模拟的随钻测井信号,研究了偏心点声源在水平横向各向同性(HTI)慢速地层井孔中激发声波传播规律,研究结果表明:在HTI地层中偏心点声源能够同时激发出快、慢两种波形,并且此两种波形中主要分别包含快、慢弯曲波,由于与钻铤波的耦合作用,其速度总是分别小于地层快、慢横波波速,所以无法直接用于地层横波波速的测量.但根据进一步的灵敏度分析可知当在3kHz以上时,它们的相速度分别对地层参数水平和垂直剪切模量(c66和c44)最为敏感.基于此特性,本文提出一种基于解析近似解的最小二乘拟合法,能够通过快、慢波频散曲线反演地层横波波速,所测值误差小于3%,并且具有很好的容错率和稳定性;进而由横波速度反演值评价地层各向异性大小.最后,地层快横波偏振方位可以利用垂直于偏心声源方向的偶极采集的信号能量变化曲线来获取.