利用RAPD和AFLP标记初步构建太平洋牡蛎的遗传连锁图谱

利用RAPD和AFLP标记 ,以一回交家系 [(Miyagi×Hiroshima)×Miyagi]为作图群体 ,构建了太平洋牡蛎的遗传连锁图谱。用经过筛选的 3 3个RAPD引物和 1 1个AFLP引物组合 ,对父母本和 80个子代个体进行了遗传分析。共得到母本分离标记 1 93个 ,其中 1 44个符合1∶1孟德尔分离规律。父本分离标记 1 5 6个 ,其中 1 1 1个符合 1∶1孟德尔分离规律。雌性框架图包括 99个遗传标记 ,定位在 1 2个连锁群中 ,覆盖 985 2cM ,标记间平均间隔 1 1 3cM。另外有 3个三联体 ,7个连锁对 ,图谱共覆盖 1 1 6 5 7cM。雄性框架图包括 72个遗传标记 ,分布在 8个连锁群 ,覆盖 81 1cM ,标记间平均间隔 1 2 7cM。另外有 4个三联体 ,3个连锁对 ,图谱共覆盖93 1 8cM。     

Diagnosis of iridovirus in large yellow croaker by PCR

A rapid and sensitive PCR-based method for the detection of the large yellow croaker iridovirus(LYCIV) is described,which involves the amplification of a 295 bp fragment of the LYCIV ATPase gene from DNA isolated from naturally infected fish spleen.Sequencing of LYCIV ATPase gene fragment showed it shared 100% nucleotide sequence homology with the corresponding region of the ATPase gene of red sea bream iridovirus(RSIV) and sea bass iridovirus(SBIV),suggesting that LYCIV was homologous with RSIV and SBIV at least in part of the gemone.The specificity and sensitivity of the PCR procedure were tested on the iridovirus-infected fishes,the expected fragment was detected from spleen DNA samples of infected fishes,whereas no fragments were amplified from healthy fish spleen DNA,white spot syndrome baculoviruses(WSBV) DNA and pseudorabies virus(PRV) DNA.Detection limit of this method was 10^-7 ng positive plasmid DNA containing target sequence,equal to about 100 virions.In the infected experiment,first positive detection(1/4) appeared at Day 3 post-infection,all fish(4/4) tested positive at Day 7,however obvious symptoms were observed at Day 8,so LYCIV infection could be detected prior to the appearance of obvious symptoms.These results indicate that this PCR method could be used for early,rapid and specific detection of LYCIV infection.     

温度、盐度和pH对冈村枝管藻中性游孢子附着及生长发育的影响

用毛细管法分离出冈村枝管藻成熟的多室孢子囊，并对中性游孢子的发育模式及温度、盐度、pH对其附着及生长发育的影响进行了研究。结果发现：（1）中性游孢子正常发育模式如下：附着后，形成盘状体；而后在盘状体中间产生同化丝，大量同化丝产生后，基部细胞变形、聚集，形成假薄壁组织，直立藻丝形成；（2）中性游孢子附着及生长发育明显受温度、盐度和pH条件的影响。中性游孢子附着的适宜温度17--28℃、盐度为20～50、pH为5～10．4；直立藻丝形成的条件为温度17～26℃、盐度20～40、pH7～10。本研究为冈村枝管藻海上栽培提供了理论依据。     

In-Situ Observation of Fluid Mud in the North Passage of Yangtze Estuary, China

Observations of fluid mud were made in the lower North Passage of the Yangtze Estuary in February 2000, on 10 -11 August 2000, on 30 - 31 August 2000 (after two strong typhoons), on 21 - 24 August 2000 (neap tide) and on 3 -6 September 2000 (mean tide) respectively. In situ data show that the fluid mud in this area consists of fine cohesive sediment (median size 7.23 μm). The formation and movement of fluid mud varied during the neap-spring and flood-ebb tidal cycle. Observations suggest that fluid mud phenomena in this area may be categorised in a three-fold manner as slack water, storm and saltwedge features. The thickness of the fluid mud layer of slack water during the neap tide ranged from 0.2 to 0.96 m, whereas during the mean tide, the thickness ranged from 0.17 to 0.73 m, and the thickness of the fluid mud layer was larger during slack water than at the flood peak. Shoals cover an area of 800 km^2 with a water depth smaller than 5 m. Erosion of these extensive intertidal mudflats due to storm action provides an abundant sediment source. This is particularly significant in this estuary when the tidal level is lower than 5 m. The lower North Passage is a typical zone of saltwater wedging, so the saltwedge fluid mud has the most extensive spatial range in the estuary.     

温度、pH和金属离子对仿剌参蛋白酶活力影响的研究

利用分光光度计比色法测定了温度、pH值和Hg^2＋等9种金属离子对体长24．2cm±0．7cm仿刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）消化道中蛋白酶活性的影响。结果表明，蛋白酶的最适温度为40℃，对热不稳定，最适pH为7．2。Hg^2＋，Mn^2＋，Ag^＋，Pb^2＋，Ba^2＋，Ca^2＋对蛋白酶的活性有抑制作用，抑制作用由强至弱依次为Hg^2＋〉Ag^＋〉Mn^2＋〉Pb^2＋〉Ca^2＋〉Ba^2＋，其中Hg^2＋和Ag^＋与对照差异极显著（P〈0．01），表现出极强的抑制作用；Cu^2＋，Zn^2＋，Mg^2＋则对酶活有一定的促进作用，其促进作用大小依次为Mg^2＋〉Zn^2＋〉Cu^2＋，Mg^2＋与对照差异显著（P〈0．05）。     

Sediment transport pattern at the Barra Nova inlet, south Portugal: a conceptual model

The Barra Nova inlet, in south Portugal, is known to migrate progressively southeastwards under wave action. The morphodynamics of this system during a representative year suggests that this long-term evolution is dependent on a seasonal behavior of the tidal inlet which can be described through a three-stage model of post-storm, transition and extended fair-weather conditions. Processes involved in this evolution indicate that the historical migration of the Barra Nova is not dependent on the longshore drift forcing constricting the channel on the updrift coast, but rather on the adjustment of the system to a major erosion of the downdrift coast during short storm events.     

耳鲍(Haliotis asinina)核糖体小亚基(18S rRNA)编码基因的克隆与序列分析

采用分子生物学的方法,对南海不同海区的两个地理群体耳鲍(Haliotis asinina)18S rRNA基因全长进行了克隆和序列分析,并将耳鲍18S rRNA基因的序列与NCBI数据库中已收录鲍的18SrRNA基因进行了比较。结果发现,南海耳鲍核糖体18S rRNA基因与耳鲍H.asinina isolate H11核糖体18S rRNA基因序列的相同率高达98%;同一地理群体内耳鲍核糖体18S rRNA基因序列完全一致;不同地理群体间耳鲍核糖体18S rRNA基因在碱基组成上的相似率为99%,仅在某些位点处发生了碱基替换,即腺嘌呤(T)被鸟嘌呤(G)替换;同时,将这两个不同群体中耳鲍的18S rRNA基因与泰国耳鲍18S rRNA基因序列进行比较分析发现,它们之间也只是发生了碱基替换。     

棉粕蛋白酶解物对异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)消化、生长和胰蛋白酶mRNA表达量的影响

以棉粕蛋白为酶解底物,用枯草杆菌蛋白酶对其进行酶解,以酶解产物1.5%和3.0%两个梯度等量替代鱼饲料配方中棉粕,在室内流水养殖系统中喂养异育银鲫鱼种[体重为(30±2)g]65天。测定鱼的生长、营养物质表观消化率、消化蛋白酶活性及肝胰脏中胰蛋白酶mRNA表达水平等指标。结果表明,添加1.5%和3.0%棉粕酶解产物的鱼在饲养35天后的特定增长率(SGR)分别比对照组高32.5%和56.7%,且差异显著(P<0.05);在饲养65天后,两组特定增长率分别比对照组高8.0%和21.0%,且差异极显著(P<0.01),肝胰脏中胰蛋白酶mRNA表达水平也随棉粕酶解产物添加梯度提高而相应提高,表明鱼的生长与消化蛋白酶mRNA表达水平相关。同时棉粕蛋白酶解物对肠道蛋白酶的活性和营养物质表观消化率都有促进作用,而棉粕蛋白酶解物对鱼肌肉成分并没有改变,这也表明棉粕蛋白酶解物在促进鱼生长、内源酶活性同时并未降低鱼的品质。     

福建深沪湾潮间带全新世有孔虫及其环境意义

本文对深沪湾西部潮间带表层沉积物和两个钻孔岩芯共30个样品的有孔虫组成进行了定性和定量分析。结果表明，表层沉积物中有孔虫群分布规律明显，随着离岸向海越远，水深越大，有孔虫娄量从1倍数上升到5位数，种数为9-69种，多变度V31-44，复合分异度H（s)3.25-3.25。从钻孔岩芯中的全新世有孔虫群特征可看出，中全新世以来海面升降和海洋环境可分为2个阶段：（1）海水初到钻孔位置，有孔虫数量和种数较少，分异度不高，海相性程度较低。（2）后期（埋深1.8m和2.0m以浅），海面有所升高，变为潮间带（高潮位→中潮位→低潮位）环境。     

山西榆社-太谷盆地上新世中晚期的植被与环境

山西中、东部的榆社、太谷盆地发育了良好的上新世河湖相地层，其丰富的植物、鱼类和哺乳类化石为我们提供了一个古植被和古环境研究的理想场所。根据榆社盆地磁笥年表以及化石组合特征，榆社、太谷盆地约为5．5MaBP以来的套沉积、榆社张村组与太谷小白组的沉积时代相当，大约形成于3．5－2．3MaBP。从大约4．4MaBP开始，较高含量的云杉、冷杉花粉显示研究区已有暗针叶林生长，从3．5MaBP开始，暗针叶林有了较大的发展，存在大面积的暗针叶林纯林。大致从上新世中期的4．4MaBP开始，气候已经开始变冷，并有较明显的干湿波动，蒿、藜为主的干草原大约从2．3MaBP开始繁盛，表明研究区转变为干冷气候。