深孔绳索取心安全打捞器的研制与应用

设计了一种可适用于深孔和干孔的绳索打捞、投放内管总成工具。介绍了深孔绳索取心安全打捞器的工作原理及结构组成;对工具内部的机械控制和井下脱卡控制原理进行了研究;介绍了打捞器井下脱卡的具体方法;最后通过野外试验证实了该打捞器可以减少处理事故的时间,性能稳定,拆装、维护方便。     

建平膨润土的提纯工艺探索及其表征

采用湿法工艺对辽宁低品位钙基膨润土进行提纯,研究了分散剂的类型以及用量、液固比、离心时间、离心速度以及膨润土温度对蒙脱石含量的影响,并通过x-射线衍射对原土及提纯土的结构进行了表征.结果表明,建平膨润土最佳提纯条件为:分散剂用量0.5％、最佳液固比12、离心时间9 min、离心速度2 500 r/min、膨润土温度60℃.最佳条件下蒙脱石含量可以提高到92％以上.     

Structural Evolution of Chepaizi Uplift and its Control on Stratigraphic Deposition in the Western Junggar Basin,China

Geological mapping, interpreted cross sections, structural analyses and residual thickness maps were used to characterize the evolution of stress setting, structure and stratigraphic distribution of the Chepaizi Uplift, which is a NW-SE trending structure located in the Western Junggar Basin. The NS-trending faults show an important transpressional phase during the Late Permian, as demonstrated by tectonic stress field and stratigraphic thickness variations. A major compressional thrusting and strike-slip phase during the Late Jurassic created a series of NW-SE faults that originated by the large-scale uplift event in the Northern Tianshan. Faults were reactivated as thrust and dextral strike-slip faults. In addition, the angular unconformity observed between Jurassic and Cretaceous provide evidence of this tectonic event. Lots of normal faults indicate that the area records southward tilting and regional derived extensional stress that took place during the Neogene. Before that, thick Early Cenozoic strata are widely deposited. The balanced cross-section highlights the evolution of stress setting and stratigraphic distribution of the Chepaizi Uplift.     

内蒙古朝不楞铁铜锌铋矿床的地质特征及矿床成因

内蒙古朝不楞铁铜锌铋矿床位于二连浩特-东乌旗多金属成矿带的东段,其矿化蚀变沿着花岗岩体与围岩的接触带分布。在外接触带,大理岩热液蚀变形成了进化矽卡岩,由石榴子石、辉石、硅灰石和方解石组成,泥质砂岩蚀变成角岩,由角闪石、黑云母、长石和石英组成。矽卡岩或角岩经退化蚀变形成了铁氧化物矿化,由磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿和镜铁矿组成,伴随有绿帘石、方解石、萤石和黑云母蚀变;晚期热液退化蚀变形成了硫化物,由黄铜矿、白铁矿、黄铁矿、辉钼矿、闪锌矿、辉铋矿和自然铋组成,伴随有透闪石、绿泥石、萤石、石英和方解石蚀变。在内接触带,花岗岩的热液蚀变形成了钾化,由钾长石、黑云母和少量石榴子石组成,随后被退化绿帘石、方解石和少量磁铁矿交代;晚期退化蚀变形成了硫化物脉,伴随有黑云母、方解石、石英和萤石蚀变。流体包裹体爆裂温度结果表明,该矿床形成于浅成（1.7~3.5 km）、高温环境,成矿热液具有从高温向低温多阶段演化的冷却史。矿床的地质、矿物组合特征及成矿物理化学条件显示出该矿床属于浅成、高温、近端的矽卡岩型矿床。     

开采沉陷土体变形与孔隙水压相互作用研究进展

本文通过实验、实测和理论分析研究了开采沉陷土体变形与孔隙水压力之间的相互作用,结果表明,随着开采的进行,土体的应力变形发生变化造成了超静孔隙水压力的产生和消散,反映在土体变形上出现随开采时间延续而发展的附加压缩和膨胀变形,这种压缩或膨胀在土体的不同部位相互叠加,有时还叠加了底部含水层水位下降引起的地面下沉。这些结果揭示了厚松散含水层地区开采沉陷特殊性的机理,对开采沉陷预测及水体下采煤具有重要意义。     

玛曲县格尔柯金矿床控矿地质条件及其矿床成因探讨

格尔柯金矿 (即大水金矿 )是产于西秦岭南带西倾山—迭山逆冲褶断带南缘的特大型金矿。矿床控矿地质条件为构造单元界断裂带、深源浅成花岗闪长斑岩小侵入体、下三叠统马热松多组 (T1m)碳酸盐岩沉积建造 ,与金矿关系密切的矿化蚀变有硅化、赤铁矿化、褐铁矿化和方解石化 ;矿床成因类型为层控—热水溶滤构造蚀变岩型。     

EFFECTS OF SPRING SOIL MOISTURE IN THE INDOCHINA PENINSULA ON SUMMER PRECIPITATION OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND ITS SURROUNDING AREAS: A SIMULATION STUDY FOR 1999

Using the regional climate model RegCM4.4.5, coupled with the land model CLM4.5, we investigated the effects of springtime soil moisture in the Indochina Peninsula on summer precipitation over the South China Sea and its surrounding areas in 1999. Results have indicated that there exists positive correlation between soil moisture and summer precipitation over the western Pacific Ocean and negative correlation between soil moisture and summer precipitation over the eastern Indian Ocean. Summer precipitation in the South China Sea and its surrounding areas responds to springtime soil moisture in the Indochina Peninsula (the northwest region is critical) because general atmospheric circulation is sensitive to the near-surface thermodynamic state. Increased (decreased) soil moisture would result in decreased (increased) local surface temperatures. Latitudinal, small-scale land–sea thermal differences would then result in northeasterly wind (southwesterly wind) anomalies in the upper layer and southwesterly wind (northeasterly wind) anomalies in the lower layer, which strengthen (weaken) monsoon development. As a result, precipitation would enter the Western Pacific region earlier (later), and water vapor over the eastern Indian Ocean would enter the South China Sea earlier (later), causing a precipitation reduction (increase) in the eastern Indian Ocean and increase (reduction) in the Western Pacific.     

基于不等式约束的三维电阻率探测混合反演方法

三维电阻率探测的线性反演和非线性反演中均存在着多解性的固有难题.电阻率线性反演方法的效率较高,但反演结果对初始模型的依赖性较强,易陷入局部极小;而非线性反演方法不依赖初始模型,但搜索效率极低,尚未见到关于三维电阻率非线性反演的文献.针对上述问题,融合线性与非线性反演方法的互补优势,提出了最小二乘法（线性方法）与改进遗传算法（非线性方法）相结合的混合反演方法的概念和思想.首先,提出了将介质电阻率变化范围作为不等式约束引入反演方程的思路,以实现压制多解性、提高可靠性的目标.提出了宽松不等式约束和基于钻孔推断的局部严格不等式约束的获取及定义方法.在此基础上,分别提出了基于不等式约束的最小二乘线性反演方法和遗传算法非线性反演方法.其次,对于遗传算法在变异搜索方向控制、初始群体产生等方面进行了改进,优化了其搜索方向和初始群体多样性.然后,提出了混合反演方法及其实现方案,利用改进遗传算法进行第一阶段反演,发挥其对初始模型的依赖程度低的优势,搜索到最优解附近的空间,输出当前最优个体;利用最小二乘法进行第二阶段反演,将遗传算法得到的当前最优个体作为初始模型,在最优解附近空间执行高效率的局部线性搜索,最终实现地电结构的三维成像.最后,开展了合成数据与实际工程算例验证,与传统最小二乘方法进行了对比,发现混合反演方法在压制多解性、摆脱初始模型依赖和提高反演效果方面有较好效果.

     

青海北祁连区中三叠世孢粉的发现及其意义

祁连县俄博乡土圈沟、大擦汗沟、柯柯里等剖面的粉砂岩、砂质页岩、泥质页岩岩层之中，首次发现丰富的孢粉化石，计39属74种(其中包括1新种)，疑源类8属9种。推出Verrucosisporites(8．6％)-Triadispora(2％)-Trematosphaeridium(7．2％)的孢粉组合。该孢粉组合面貌应归于中三叠世Anisian期。它的发现为该套地层的进一步研究与合理归属提供了最新成果。     

象力在震源过程和地震短临预报中的作用

在固体物理学中,象力是指自由面吸引裂缝的力量,本文把这一概念用于不均匀地壳中,则象力可定义为地壳中任何易于变形,让位界面对裂缝的吸引力。按照这一观点,我们讨论了象力在组合模式和短临预报中的作用并得到如下结论。1.组合模式中的应力调整单元,如蠕滑断层,塑性区,裂丛区等可以近似为自由面。因而它对于积累单元预位移的传播或裂缝的传播具有吸引力。2.象力出现的标志是当传播的预位移和裂缝端部产生的动态应力场达及调整单元时,此时调整单元发生形变监产生前兆。当裂缝由深处向浅处传播,其端部的动态应力场达及自由面时,此时自由面用形变来满足自由面条件从而引起前兆。本文的讨论表明,震源两端的调整单元的同时性表明大震的发生为期不远了。因此调整单元对于预位移和裂缝的传播具有监视作用。本文以海城地震前兆特征为例讨论了这个问题。并由此认为组合模式中调整单元的象力作用比单向蠕裂断层面向震源区的传播更符合实际情况。