As well known, the methods of remote sensing and Bowen Ratio for retrieving surface flux are based on energy balance closure; however, in most cases, surface energy observed in experiment is lack of closure. There are two main causes for this: one is from the errors of the observation devices and the differences of their observational scale; the other lies in the effect of horizontal advection on the surface flux measurement. Therefore, it is very important to estimate the effects of horizontal advection quantitatively. Based on the local advection theory and the surface experiment, a model has been proposed for correcting the effect of horizontal advection on surface flux measurement, in which the relationship between the fetch of the measurement and pixel size for remote sensed data was considered. By means of numerical simulations, the sensitivities of the main parameters in the model and the scaling problems of horizontal advection were analyzed. At last, by using the observational data acquired in agricultural field with relatively homogeneous surface, the model was validated.
Songliao Basin is filled predominantly with continental facies sediments including alluvial fan, fluvial plain, fan delta , lacustrine delta, shore ?shallow lacustrine, beach salty flat, semi - deep to deep lacustrine, subaqueous gravity flow, lacustrine swamp and pyroclastic sediments. However, some event units were formed during lake - marine linking periods of the Mid - Cretaceous in the basin, which include black shales with high values for salinity ( Sr/Ba) , alkalinity (Ca Mg)/ (Si Al) , reducibility ( Ni Zn)/Ga and sulfide sulfur as well as heavy isotopes. The Breitenholz ?section to be represen-ted for facies comparison with the Cretaceous evaporitic series in Northeast China is localized in Southwest Germany. Stratig-raphically it belongs to the Crabfeld Formation of Keuper of the Germanic Triassic corresponding to Ladinian - Camian of the international reference scale, and is generally called Lower Gipskeuper. The Germanic Triassic was deposited in the epiconti-nental(cratonic) central Euro 相似文献
Cold water in the deep Pacific can be drawn up to the surface (or west warm water drifts eastwards ) because strong tide increases the mixing of seawater both in vertical and horizontal. In this way greenhouse effect is decreased or increased by means of absorbing (or releasing) CO2. Therefore, La Nina cold event (or El Nino warm event) may occur,which is caused by wanning - up or cooling - down air above the ocean. Volcanic action at sea bottom is also controlled by strong tide. 相似文献