中沙大环礁四种大型海藻的光生理特征比较及其对升温的响应*

生活于珊瑚礁区的大型海藻可以与珊瑚一起为礁栖生物提供食物和栖息地, 它们在维护珊瑚礁生态系统生物多样性中起着极为重要的作用。本论文比较研究了生活于我国南海中沙大环礁区4种优势海藻的生化组分、光合特征及其对海水升温的生理响应,其中厚膜藻(Grateloupia ellipitica)和粉枝藻(Liagora samaensis)为红藻, 钙扇藻(Udotea flabellum)和仙掌藻(Halimeda discoidea)为绿藻。结果显示, 与绿藻相比, 红藻藻体叶绿素(Chl a)和类胡萝卜素含量更低且含有藻胆素, 红藻的光补偿点(E_C)和呼吸速率(R_d)均显著低于绿藻。海水升温提高了4种海藻的光能利用效率(α)、E_C、R_d和日净光合固碳量; 同时, 升温还降低红藻的饱和光强(E_K)、提高绿藻的最大光合放氧速率(P_max)。结果还显示, 海水升温在光强较低时提高红藻的光合放氧速率, 光强较高时则降低其放氧速率; 升温也提高绿藻的光合放氧速率, 但光强变化对升温效应的影响不显著。基于4种海藻的光生理特征以及升温效应的种间差异性可见, 短时间升温(~4℃)有利于中沙大环礁区海藻的光合作用; 与绿藻相比, 该升温效应更有利于红藻。     

基于产业结构优化的我国海洋渔业发展

为促进我国海洋渔业的可持续发展,文章基于面板数据回归模型,分析海洋渔业产业结构的优化。研究结果表明:我国海洋渔业发展趋势较好,但受政策和资源等因素的制约,亟须优化产业结构;海洋渔业产业结构优化与海水养殖与海洋捕捞的增加值之比存在正相关关系,与海水养殖与海洋渔业的从业人员数量之比存在负相关关系;应提高海水养殖增加值,促进养殖企业形成最佳规模,同时重视先进科技的支撑作用。     

Source tectonic dynamics features of Jiuzhaigou <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>s</Subscript> 7.0 earthquake in Sichuan Province,China

On August 8, 2017, a M_s 7.0 earthquake occurred 5 km to the west of Jiuzhaigou National Park, causing 25 deaths and injuring 525. The objective of this study was to explore the seismogenic fault of the earthquake and tectonic dynamics of the source rupture. Field investigations, radon activity tests, remote sensing interpretations, and geophysical data analyses were carried out immediately after the earthquake. The Jiuzhaigou earthquake occurred at the intersection of the northern margin of the Minshan uplift belt and the south part of the Wenxian–Maqin fault in the south margin of the West Qinling geosyncline. There are two surface rupture zones trending northwest (NW), which are ground coseismic ruptures caused by concealed earthquake faults. The rupture on the southwest is the structure triggering the earthquake, along the Jiuzhaitiantang–Epicenter–Wuhuahai. The other one on the northeast (Shangsizhai–Zhongcha–Bimang) is a reactivation and extension of the secondary fault trending NW. The source rupture of this earthquake is a strike-slip shear fracture associated with the fault plane trending NW 331° and steeply dipping 75°, which is continuously expanding at both ends. The tectonic dynamics process of the source rupture is that the “Jiuzhaigou protrusion” is left-lateral sheared along the seismogenic fault in the NW direction. Finally, the Maqin fault and the arc fault system at the top of the “Wenxian protrusion” will be gradually broken through sometime in far future, as well as earthquaketriggered landslides will be further occurred along the narrow corridor between the seismogenic faults. The research results revealed the basic geological data and tectonic dynamic mechanism in this earthquake.     

Total Synthesis of Marine Cyclic Enol-Phosphotriester Salinipostin Compounds

Due to their structural diversity and variety of biological activities, marine natural products have been the subject of extensive study. These compounds, especially phospholipid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, have a wide range of pharmacological applications, including embedded DNA and central nervous system, anti-tumor, anti-virus, anti-parasite, anti-bacterial, and antithrombotic effects. Unfortunately, the insufficient drug sources have limited the development of these compounds. In this study, we isolated salinpostin compounds from a fermentation solution of marine-derived Salinospora sp., which has a common bicyclic enol-phosphotriester core framework, as well as potent and selective antimalarial activities against P. falciparum with EC_(50)=50 nmolL~(-1). The chemical synthesis of these compounds in greater quantities is necessary for their use in bioactivity studies. Thus we explored a short route with high yields and mild reaction conditions, which can generate combinatorial libraries for drug discovery and lead optimization. We developed a new total synthesis method for six cyclic enol-phosphotriester salinipotin compounds and their diastereomers. For the total synthesis of cyclipostin P, we prepared cyclic enol-phosphotriester salinipostin compounds in 10 steps from a readily accessible starting material, 1,3-dihydroxyacetone, and obtained an overall yield of 1.29%. We fully characterized these compounds by proton nuclear magnetic resonance(~1H-NMR), carbon-13 NMR(~(13)C-NMR), and high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS) analyses, and found they coincide absolutely with the same compounds reported previously.     

Seismogenic Structures of the 2006 ML4.0 Dangan Island Earthquake Offshore Hong Kong

The northern margin of the South China Sea, as a typical extensional continental margin, has relatively strong intraplate seismicity. Compared with the active zones of Nanao Island, Yangjiang, and Heyuan, seismicity in the Pearl River Estuary is relatively low. However, a ML4.0 earthquake in 2006 occurred near Dangan Island(DI) offshore Hong Kong, and this site was adjacent to the source of the historical M5.8 earthquake in 1874. To reveal the seismogenic mechanism of intraplate earthquakes in DI, we systematically analyzed the structural characteristics in the source area of the 2006 DI earthquake using integrated 24-channel seismic profiles, onshore–offshore wide-angle seismic tomography, and natural earthquake parameters. We ascertained the locations of NW-and NE-trending faults in the DI sea and found that the NE-trending DI fault mainly dipped southeast at a high angle and cut through the crust with an obvious low-velocity anomaly. The NW-trending fault dipped southwest with a similar high angle. The 2006 DI earthquake was adjacent to the intersection of the NE-and NW-trending faults, which suggested that the intersection of the two faults with different strikes could provide a favorable condition for the generation and triggering of intraplate earthquakes. Crustal velocity model showed that the high-velocity anomaly was imaged in the west of DI, but a distinct entity with low-velocity anomaly in the upper crust and high-velocity anomaly in the lower crust was found in the south of DI. Both the 1874 and 2006 DI earthquakes occurred along the edge of the distinct entity. Two vertical cross-sections nearly perpendicular to the strikes of the intersecting faults revealed good spatial correlations between the 2006 DI earthquake and the low to high speed transition in the distinct entity. This result indicated that the transitional zone might be a weakly structural body that can store strain energy and release it as a brittle failure, resulting in an earthquake-prone area.     

基于可靠性的海洋立管疲劳安全系数研究

综合考虑了立管疲劳安全系数取值的相关因素——立管的安全等级、设计寿命、检验周期、载荷和损伤计算方法等的不确定性,提出了基于可靠度的疲劳安全系数确定方法,筛选了用于计算波致疲劳和VIV(涡激振动)疲劳的随机变量,给出了立管波致疲劳与VIV疲劳安全系数的计算流程,并以某SCR(钢悬链线立管)为例进行了安全系数计算。结果表明,该方法的计算结果优于传统的安全系数确定方法,尤其适合于特殊工程方案或新颖设计的立管疲劳校核。     

鲁西孟家屯一种细粒斜长角闪岩的锆石SHRIMP年代学

在对鲁西孟家屯地区一种细粒斜长角闪岩变质侵入体的矿物岩相学和锆石微区特征研究的基础上,通过锆石离子探针测定获得了2604±11Ma的变质作用年龄。结合孟家屯岩组的年龄资料和鲁西地区的岩浆活动时代特征,认为鲁西地区在2.65~2.6Ga时期是一个强烈的构造活动时期,与同时期华北地台其他地区的构造活动有很大的差异,具有其独特的地质演化历史。     

碱性玄武岩形成的时限及其地质意义

中国华北克拉通及邻区的早前寒武纪不存在碱性玄武岩。全球范围内碱性玄武岩的形成也存在时限性，它们在中新生代以来相对大量的出现。碱性玄武岩可划分为钾质碱性玄武岩和钠质碱性玄武岩两大类，后者还可作进一步划分。它们在同位素组成和元素组成上存在相互过渡的变化，这与地幔源区外来加入物质的种类和比例不同有关。高压和低程度熔融是所有碱性玄武岩形成的必要条件。研究表明，碱性玄武岩形成具时限性主要与地球热状态从热向冷的历史演化有关。碱性玄武岩的形成需要地幔俯冲作用，可达到相当深度的地幔俯冲作用只是到了太古宙以后才发生，并在中新生代以来达到高潮。     

原油WSF对三种海洋鱼类肝微粒体EROD活性的诱导和恢复的比较

研究了实验室条件下原油水溶性组分(WSF)暴露对黑鲷、黄鳍鲷和褐菖鲉肝微粒体EROD活性的剂量-效应,时间-效应和恢复过程。实验结果表明,在剂量诱导实验中,褐菖鲉肝EROD活性在原油WSF浓度为50 μg/dm³时呈现生物统计学上的显著差异,而黑鲷和黄鳍鲷肝EROD活性在75 μg/dm³时才呈现生物统计学上的显著差异;褐菖鲉肝EROD活性诱导倍数最高,但黑鲷的诱导浓度范围较广。在时间诱导实验中, 在40 μg/dm³原油WSF暴露下黄鳍鲷肝EROD活性在2 d时首先呈现显著差异; 三种鱼肝EROD活性均在第4天达到最高,并呈现显著性变化,此后随着暴露时间的延长而逐渐下降并接近对照组水平。在恢复实验中三种鱼肝EROD活性下降并恢复到对照组水平。研究结果表明:对于石油污染物,黑鲷、黄鳍鲷和褐菖鲉肝EROD活性都可以作为污染生化效应监测指标,然而就三种鱼类比较而言,褐菖鲉最敏感,更适合于作为石油类污染及其生化效应,尤其是低剂量效应的监测生物。     

南海北部新生代构造运动厘定及与油气成藏关系探讨

通过分析并参考前人对南海构造运动的划分方案以及浅水区研究成果,结合深水区取得的最新认识,对新生代以来南海北部的构造运动重新进行厘定,共划分为四次构造运动:晚白垩世末的神狐运动、中始新世末开始的珠琼运动(包括一幕和二幕)、晚渐新世末的南海运动以及中中新世末的东沙运动,并认为这四次构造运动对烃源岩的发育以及油气运聚成藏起着重要的控制作用。