库车坳陷西部构造圈闭形成期与烃源岩生烃期匹配关系探讨

根据库车坳陷西部地质剖面分析其构造圈闭类型,利用平衡剖面和生长地层分析构造圈闭形成期次。选取大北1井和一口人工井,应用PRA公司的BasinMod1-D软件,对其进行烃源岩成熟度史模拟,分析烃源岩的主要生烃期。根据构造圈闭形成期与烃源岩主要生烃期的匹配关系,认为西秋里塔格构造带盐下古构造圈闭与拜城凹陷烃源岩生烃期匹配良好,形成的油气藏大部分在后期保存良好,盐上圈闭可能形成油藏,盐层内部圈闭可能形成油藏、气藏或油气藏,在较厚盐层之下的圈闭可能会形成气藏。克拉苏构造带古构造圈闭与克拉苏构造带烃源岩主要生烃期以及拜城凹陷的主要生油期匹配良好,可以形成良好的油气藏,但是库车组沉积末期—第四纪构造破坏严重,油气藏经受构造调整、破坏和再分配形成残余油气藏、次生油气藏,此时正处于侏罗系烃源岩生气期,可以在盐下形成大量气藏。     

数据同化在海洋生态模型中的应用和研究进展

将数据同化方法引入海洋生态系统动力学模型研究,利用现有的观测数据,获得最佳的模式参数、初始场或提高状态模拟,是当前多学科交叉研究的热门领域。本文依据国内外研究进展,主要就海洋生态模型研究中所采用的变分伴随、卡尔曼滤波、模拟退火法方法进行了介绍,总结了数据同化在我国的海洋生态系统研究中的现状和发展趋势。     

岩石圈地震前兆异常机制

对于电磁卫星所观测到的地震震前电磁异常现象的机制,即电磁异常如何从岩石圈穿过大气层耦合到电离层及其以上空间,目前仍是尚未解决的问题.本文主要介绍目前大量有关地震岩石圈异常的机制研究,力图从卫星地震电磁异常的源头—岩石圈地震来获得相关认识.岩石圈地震前兆异常包括：地表变形、水位变化、悬浮薄雾、超低频（ULF）电磁异常、山脊或山顶发光闪电、卫星红外图片大范围数度温度异常、磁场高于地磁偶极场的0.5%、电离层等离子体密度变化、动物奇异行为等.人们提出了许多试图解释各种异常现象的假说,如热耦合假说、气泡运移假说、边界位错充电假说、离子空穴运移假说等.本文希望通过对以上各种假说提出的基础、物理机理以及异常现象解释的探讨,促进对岩石圈地震前兆异常现象机理认识,从而为地震电磁异常的正确认识提供更有力的帮助.     

中国数字地震台网(CDSN)的近期发展

中国数字地震台网（CDSN）自20世纪80年代建成并投入运行以来,有力地促进了我国的数字地震学研究,扩大并加深了我们对地壳、地球内部构造和地震震源过程的认识,从而有助于地震预报和减轻地震灾害的研究工作．本文阐述了基于CDSN二期技术改造建立的CDSN数据通信系统,研发CDSN数字地震实时分析系统的进展．     

高分辨率航磁方法及在大冶铁矿区的应用

本文针对危机矿山深部及周边找矿的难度大、勘探周期短的特点,提出了一套以找矿为目的,集直升机大比例尺航空物探测量、数据处理、解释为一体的高分辨率航磁方法技术.这些方法包括硬架式直升机航磁测量方法、曲面位场处理方法、精细反演解释方法等.应用该方法在湖北黄石大冶铁矿中布钻,已有两孔见富磁铁矿及伴生的铜、金矿,见矿最大厚度为14.6m.因此,高分辨率航磁方法在危机矿山进一步挖潜工作中可以实现快速找矿目的.     

基于可靠性的海洋立管疲劳安全系数研究

综合考虑了立管疲劳安全系数取值的相关因素——立管的安全等级、设计寿命、检验周期、载荷和损伤计算方法等的不确定性,提出了基于可靠度的疲劳安全系数确定方法,筛选了用于计算波致疲劳和VIV(涡激振动)疲劳的随机变量,给出了立管波致疲劳与VIV疲劳安全系数的计算流程,并以某SCR(钢悬链线立管)为例进行了安全系数计算。结果表明,该方法的计算结果优于传统的安全系数确定方法,尤其适合于特殊工程方案或新颖设计的立管疲劳校核。     

Total Synthesis of Marine Cyclic Enol-Phosphotriester Salinipostin Compounds

Due to their structural diversity and variety of biological activities, marine natural products have been the subject of extensive study. These compounds, especially phospholipid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, have a wide range of pharmacological applications, including embedded DNA and central nervous system, anti-tumor, anti-virus, anti-parasite, anti-bacterial, and antithrombotic effects. Unfortunately, the insufficient drug sources have limited the development of these compounds. In this study, we isolated salinpostin compounds from a fermentation solution of marine-derived Salinospora sp., which has a common bicyclic enol-phosphotriester core framework, as well as potent and selective antimalarial activities against P. falciparum with EC_(50)=50 nmolL~(-1). The chemical synthesis of these compounds in greater quantities is necessary for their use in bioactivity studies. Thus we explored a short route with high yields and mild reaction conditions, which can generate combinatorial libraries for drug discovery and lead optimization. We developed a new total synthesis method for six cyclic enol-phosphotriester salinipotin compounds and their diastereomers. For the total synthesis of cyclipostin P, we prepared cyclic enol-phosphotriester salinipostin compounds in 10 steps from a readily accessible starting material, 1,3-dihydroxyacetone, and obtained an overall yield of 1.29%. We fully characterized these compounds by proton nuclear magnetic resonance(~1H-NMR), carbon-13 NMR(~(13)C-NMR), and high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS) analyses, and found they coincide absolutely with the same compounds reported previously.     

Seismogenic Structures of the 2006 ML4.0 Dangan Island Earthquake Offshore Hong Kong

The northern margin of the South China Sea, as a typical extensional continental margin, has relatively strong intraplate seismicity. Compared with the active zones of Nanao Island, Yangjiang, and Heyuan, seismicity in the Pearl River Estuary is relatively low. However, a ML4.0 earthquake in 2006 occurred near Dangan Island(DI) offshore Hong Kong, and this site was adjacent to the source of the historical M5.8 earthquake in 1874. To reveal the seismogenic mechanism of intraplate earthquakes in DI, we systematically analyzed the structural characteristics in the source area of the 2006 DI earthquake using integrated 24-channel seismic profiles, onshore–offshore wide-angle seismic tomography, and natural earthquake parameters. We ascertained the locations of NW-and NE-trending faults in the DI sea and found that the NE-trending DI fault mainly dipped southeast at a high angle and cut through the crust with an obvious low-velocity anomaly. The NW-trending fault dipped southwest with a similar high angle. The 2006 DI earthquake was adjacent to the intersection of the NE-and NW-trending faults, which suggested that the intersection of the two faults with different strikes could provide a favorable condition for the generation and triggering of intraplate earthquakes. Crustal velocity model showed that the high-velocity anomaly was imaged in the west of DI, but a distinct entity with low-velocity anomaly in the upper crust and high-velocity anomaly in the lower crust was found in the south of DI. Both the 1874 and 2006 DI earthquakes occurred along the edge of the distinct entity. Two vertical cross-sections nearly perpendicular to the strikes of the intersecting faults revealed good spatial correlations between the 2006 DI earthquake and the low to high speed transition in the distinct entity. This result indicated that the transitional zone might be a weakly structural body that can store strain energy and release it as a brittle failure, resulting in an earthquake-prone area.     

碱性玄武岩形成的时限及其地质意义

中国华北克拉通及邻区的早前寒武纪不存在碱性玄武岩。全球范围内碱性玄武岩的形成也存在时限性，它们在中新生代以来相对大量的出现。碱性玄武岩可划分为钾质碱性玄武岩和钠质碱性玄武岩两大类，后者还可作进一步划分。它们在同位素组成和元素组成上存在相互过渡的变化，这与地幔源区外来加入物质的种类和比例不同有关。高压和低程度熔融是所有碱性玄武岩形成的必要条件。研究表明，碱性玄武岩形成具时限性主要与地球热状态从热向冷的历史演化有关。碱性玄武岩的形成需要地幔俯冲作用，可达到相当深度的地幔俯冲作用只是到了太古宙以后才发生，并在中新生代以来达到高潮。     

南海北部新生代构造运动厘定及与油气成藏关系探讨

通过分析并参考前人对南海构造运动的划分方案以及浅水区研究成果,结合深水区取得的最新认识,对新生代以来南海北部的构造运动重新进行厘定,共划分为四次构造运动:晚白垩世末的神狐运动、中始新世末开始的珠琼运动(包括一幕和二幕)、晚渐新世末的南海运动以及中中新世末的东沙运动,并认为这四次构造运动对烃源岩的发育以及油气运聚成藏起着重要的控制作用。