重庆雪玉洞氡浓度变化特征及其危害防护

利用 PRM-2100氡子体监测仪对重庆市丰都县雪玉洞氡子体平衡当量浓度进行连续12个月的监测。研究表明：（1）雪玉洞洞内氡子体平均平衡当量浓度为2135.7 Bq/m3;取平衡因子为0.5,则其平均氡浓度为4271.4 Bq/m3;（2）氡子体平衡当量浓度总体呈现出夏季高、冬季低及洞层越高,浓度越高的特点,而且氡子体平衡当量浓度变化与洞内温度变化相关性不明显,但与洞外的相关性则较强;（3）雪玉洞游客因吸入氡子体所致的年均有效剂量当量为0.02 mSv/a,只是联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会（UNSCEAR）估计的氡子体对公众产生危害的年有效剂量界限值（1.30 mSv/a）的1.54%,因此短时间游览对游客的健康不会产生影响。但是,由于洞穴讲解员、保安、拍照人员在洞内工作时间较长,接受氡子体照射的年均有效剂量当量分别为7.69 mSv/a、11.96 mSv/a、59.48 mSv/a,均高于UNSCEAR 的年有效剂量。因此,需要合理安排洞穴内工作人员工作时间和科学地制订出他们的年工作时间上限;加强氡危害相关知识的普及与洞穴工作人员的个人防护;在高氡浓度析出区域进行屏蔽防护或在适当位置安装空气净化器;与此同时,还要加强氡及其子体浓度的分析和监测等。     

基于现代信息技术的汉唐时期新疆境内丝绸之路信息发布系统的研究与实现

以西汉、东汉、唐朝三代为研究时间域,以新疆境内的古丝绸之路为研究空间域;根据搜集的相关历史文献资料并对其进行分析,将得到的属性信息存入MySQL数据库中;结合GIS及RS技术,制作出电子地图并发布相应的本地地图服务;最后,利用PHP及Flex网络技术,将前期制作的电子地图发布到Internet上,供公众浏览、查询、学习等用。本研究将传统的考古学与现代信息技术进行结合,实现了两者的完善融合,弥补了传统考古学过于专注学术研究而忽略应用的缺陷,为公众免费提供服务的同时,也为丝线绸之路的进一步研究提供借鉴,为丝绸之路的申遗奠定基础。     

冻土三轴蠕变过程中结构变化的CT动态监测

利用ＣＴ手段观测了分析冻土三轴压缩蠕变过程中结构的变化情况，结果表明，蠕变过程中围压的作用抑制了冻土体中裂隙的增长，加强了结构的强化作用，致使冻土在不稳定蠕变阶段和稳定蠕变阶段表现出结构强化占优势，随着非弹性变弄的进一步累积，如果结构强化仍然占优势，则变形具有衰减特征；如果弱化作用克服了围压效应占主导，则发展以破坏而告终的非衰减蠕变，破坏首先发生在样品低密段的薄弱区，在样品表面形成拉伸裂缝，然后向     

载体性质对Pt催化剂H2选择催化还原NOx活性和选择性的影响（英文）

研究了Pt/MgO,Pt/γAl2O3Pt/ZrO2和Pt/HZSM-5催化剂上H选择催化还原消除NOxH2SCR)反应.结果发现,H2SCR活性和N2生成选择性受催化剂中Pt的金属性以及载体的氮氧化物吸附能力影响很大.HZSM-5的表面酸性使载体对NO吸附能力较小,使担载Pt以较高的金属性存在,从而导致Pt/HZSM-5催化剂的高活性和高选择性.相反,Pt/MgO和Pt/γAl2O3催化剂较差的活性和选择性可归因于其载体的碱性表面、催化剂中Pt较低的金属性以及载体对氮氧化物较大的吸附能力.结合反应的原位红外光谱结果可以认为,在Pt/载体界面处亚硝酸根/硝酸根物种被还原为N2或N2O取决于该处参与反应的活性H与这些含氮物种的相对数目.     

瓦窑沟剖面记录的早中全新世毛乌素沙地东南缘气候变化

毛乌素沙地位于中国东亚季风边缘区,对气候变化响应敏感。区域内分布着大量河湖相沉积地层,忠实记录了全新世以来气候变化状况。选取毛乌素沙地东南缘河湖相沉积地层为主的瓦窑沟剖面（WYG）,在光释光（OSL）和¹⁴C（AMS ¹⁴C）测年基础上,对粒度、色度和有机质环境代用指标进行分析,反演得出毛乌素沙地早中全新世气候经历了3个阶段：约9.8 ka BP前气候干冷,广泛沉积沙层;9.8—9.6 ka BP气候逐渐回暖,为气候干冷转为暖湿的过渡期;9.6—5.2 ka BP气候相对暖湿,发育砂质泥炭层。推测计算得出,剖面地层沉积速率沙层>过渡层>砂质泥炭层,且各地层均存在次一级旋回,曲线旋回周期砂质泥炭层（480 a）>沙层（150 a）>过渡层（130 a）,指示砂质泥炭层沉积速率最慢、形成时期气候相对稳定。研究结果与东亚季风区域古气候记录具有很好的可比性,是对东亚冬夏季风强度变化的全球性响应。     

WebGIS房产交易信息发布系统的构建

针对传统的房产交易信息发布系统采用文字形式对房产交易信息、房产地理位置、周边环境等情况进行描述,文字描述抽象、含糊的问题。为了构建一个地理位置可视化、地理位置精确化、提供辅助决策的房产交易信息发布系统,依托基础地理信息服务平台,以天地图为基础底图,叠加房产专题数据,采用Silverlight框架技术,开发建立基于WebGIS的房产交易信息发布系统。系统不仅为大众提供了房产信息文字、图片,而且实现了房产地理位置可视化和地理分析,为大众提供基于地理位置的选房辅助决策。本文通过丹东市房产交易信息发布系统阐述研究成果的具体应用,奠定了丹东智慧选房的空间信息基础。     

Influences of air CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> on hydrochemistry of drip water and implications for paleoclimate study in a stream-developed cave,SW China

Cave air CO₂ is a vital part of the cave environment. Most studies about cave air CO₂ variations are performed in caves with no streams; there are few studies to date regarding the relationship of cave air CO₂ variations and drip water hydrochemistry in underground stream–developed caves. To study the relationship of underground stream, drip water, and cave air CO₂, monthly and daily monitoring of air CO₂ and of underground stream and drip water was performed in Xueyu Cave from 2012 to 2013. The results revealed that there was marked seasonal variation of air CO₂ and stream hydrochemistry in the cave. Daily variations of cave air CO₂, and of stream and drip water hydrochemistry, were notable during continuous monitoring. A dilution effect was observed by analyzing hydrochemical variations in underground stream and drip water after rainfall. High cave air CO₂ along with low pH and low δ¹³C_DIC in stream and drip water indicated that air CO₂ was one of the dominant factors controlling stream and drip water hydrochemistry on a daily scale. On a seasonal scale, stream flows may promote increased cave air CO₂ in summer; in turn, the higher cave air CO₂ could inhibit degassing of drip water and make calcite δ¹³C more negative. Variation of calcite δ¹³C (precipitated from drip water) was in reverse of monthly temperature, soil CO₂, and cave air CO₂. Therefore, calcite δ¹³C in Xueyu Cave could be used to determine monthly changes outside the cave. However, considering the different precipitation rate of sediment in different seasons, it was difficult to use stalagmites to reconstruct environmental change on a seasonal scale.     

湖北省不同等级降水特征及与旱涝关系分析

基于湖北省近61年71个国家站逐日降水数据,本文利用降水异常指数Z和线性分析等方法,分析不同地区降水特征及与旱涝关系,得出结论如下：（1）湖北省年均降水自北向南递增,山区冬夏季雨日相当,降水量鄂西山区＞鄂东山区＞江汉平原＞汉江河谷;（2）雨日随等级减小,大等级降水多发生于鄂东南。鄂西北暴雨占比最小,鄂西南各等级降水相当,江汉平原及以东地区中雨及以上量级降水贡献率较大;（3）年均雨日呈衰减趋势,降水量相反,而山地平原夏季雨日贡献率增加。小等级降水比例减小,年代际变化中降水日数呈减少趋势,而降水量“中间偏多,两端偏少”;（4）雨日对降水量的贡献率远高于降水强度。典型涝（旱）年降水距平百分率随降水等级增大,说明暴雨的距平变化可基本反映旱涝年。     

Driving forces of grassland vegetation changes in Chen Barag Banner,Inner Mongolia

ABSTRACT

Inner Mongolia is an important ecological zone of northern China and 67% of its land area is grassland. This ecologically fragile region has experienced significant vegetation degradation during the last decades. Although the spatial extents and rates of vegetation change have previously been characterized through various remote sensing and GIS studies, the underlying driving factors of vegetation changes are still not well understood. In this study, we first used time-series MODIS NDVI data from 2000 to 2016 to characterize the temporal trend of vegetation changes. These vegetation change trends were compared with climate and socioeconomic variables to determine the potential drivers. We used a set of statistical methods, including multiple linear regression (MLR), spatial correlation analysis, and partial least squares (PLS) regression analyzes, to quantify the spatial distribution of the driving forces and their relative importance to vegetation changes. Results show that the main driving factors and their impact magnitude (weight) are in the order of human activities (r = -0.785, p < 0.01, VIP = 1.37), precipitation (r = 0.541, p < 0.05, VIP = 0.89), temperature (r = -0.319, p > 0.05 VIP = 0.59). The area affected by human activities was 10.57%. Specific human activities, such as coal mining and grazing were negatively associated with vegetation cover, while eco-engineering projects had positive impacts. This study provided thorough quantification of driving forces of vegetation change and enhanced our understanding of their interactions. Our integrated geospatial-statistical approach is particularly important for sustainable development of ecosystem balance in Chen Barag Banner and other areas facing similar challenges.     

天山南北前陆冲断带构造滑脱层分布差异及对圈闭样式的控制作用

天山南北前陆冲断带具有较强的差异变形特征,滑脱层的差异对前陆冲断带变形特征及圈闭样式的影响较大,对于天山南北油气勘探具有重要意义。以地震资料解释为基础,通过断距测量、缩短量统计及平衡剖面复原等手段,对天山南北前陆冲断带构造变形差异进行研究,取得如下认识:(1)天山南北前陆冲断带滑脱层性质不同,库车前陆冲断带以古近系膏盐岩为滑脱层,分层变形特征显著;准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带深层断层多穿过滑脱层,分层性差;(2)天山南北前陆冲断带新生代构造变形差异明显,库车前陆冲断带在该时期的平均缩短率为12.1%,准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带的平均缩短率为9.93%,库车前陆冲断带的新生代变形强度比准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带更强;(3)受滑脱层差异的影响,库车前陆冲断带滑脱层上下平均断距总体大于准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带,且库车前陆冲断带的缩短量呈现“单段多峰”复杂的变化趋势,这是准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带没有的特点,表明库车前陆冲断带滑脱层塑性和分层能力比准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带强;(4)基于天山南北前陆冲断带断层活动和滑脱层差异的影响,准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带以岩性—构造的复合圈闭为主,而库车前陆冲断带以盐下大型构造圈闭为主,岩性—构造圈闭为辅。准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带深层和库车前陆冲断带的侏罗系—三叠系煤层、泥岩层等滑脱层控制的岩性—构造圈闭是未来油气勘探的有利目标。