襄樊市空中云水资源分布及人工增雨潜力研究

利用襄樊市各县(市)1978-2007年地面水汽压和降水资料,计算分析了该市空中云水资源的时空分布状况,并对其人工增雨潜力进行了评价分析.结果表明:襄樊市年大气可降水量随年代递增呈微弱增多趋势,20世纪90年代、21世纪头7年分别比20世纪70年代末到80年代增加19 cm、22 cm;空中水汽含量月季变化明显,7月最大,8月次之,1月最少;空中水汽含量四季分配不均,夏季远大于冬季,秋季略高于春季;各地自然降水产出率,2月、11月较大,夏季和冬季的12月份较小,7月份最小;增雨潜力四季变化存在较大差异,其中夏季最大,大多在78%以上.秋季9、10月次之,大部在75%以上,冬季2月、11月最小,大部在72%以下;地理分布上,增雨潜力是南部大于北部.     

Dry-wet variations and cause analysis in Northeast China at multi-time scales

Global warming has caused unevenly distributed changes in precipitation and evapotranspiration, which has and will certainly impact on the wet-dry variations. Based on daily meteorological data collected at 91 weather stations in Northeast China (NEC), the spatiotemporal characteristics of dry and wet climatic variables (precipitation, crop reference evapotranspiration (ET₀), and humid index (HI)) are analyzed, and the probable reasons causing the changes in these variables are discussed during the period of 1961–2014. Precipitation showed non-significant trend over the period of 1961–2014, while ET₀ showed a significant decreasing trend, which led to climate wetting in NEC. The period of 2001–2012 exhibited smaller semiarid area and larger humid area compared to the period of 1961–1980, indicating NEC has experienced wetting process at decadal scale. ET₀ was most sensitive to relative humidity, and wind speed was the second most sensitive variable. Sunshine hours and temperature were found to be less influential to ET₀ in the study area. The changes in wind speed in the recent 54 years have caused the greatest influence on ET₀, followed by temperature. For each month, wind speed was the most significant variable causing ET₀ reduction in all months except July. Temperature, as a dominant factor, made a positive contribution to ET₀ in February and March, as well as sunshine hours in June and July, and relative humidity in August and September. In summary, NEC has experienced noticeable climate wetting due to the significantly decreasing ET₀, and the decrease in wind speed was the biggest contributor for the ET₀ reduction. Although agricultural drought crisis is expected to be partly alleviated, regional water resources management and planning in Northeast China should consider the potential water shortage and water conflict in the future because of spatiotemporal dry-wet variations in NEC.     

Critical state of granular materials at mesoscale: Transition from local to global

Critical state theory is widely accepted for understanding and interpreting the behavior of granular materials such as sandy soils. Recently, motivated by the development of a multiscale analysis method, this paper presents a discrete element investigation on the critical state behavior of granular materials on two scales level, that is, the macroscale and mesoscale. Loops are taken as the basic mesostructures, and the concept of mesoscale critical state is proposed on terms of the local stress and void ratio. Based on series of numerical simulations with varying densities and confining pressures, the characters of critical state lines (CSLs) for each loop type are analyzed. An analytical relationship of the transition from local to global is then obtained for critical state. Besides, the influence of interparticle friction coefficient on CSL is also discussed on both scales. The prominent observation is that each type of loops achieves its own critical state, from which a unique global CSL can be obtained. The CSLs of different loops exhibit same shapes but move upwards with the increasing order.     

重庆雪玉洞氡浓度变化特征及其危害防护

利用 PRM-2100氡子体监测仪对重庆市丰都县雪玉洞氡子体平衡当量浓度进行连续12个月的监测。研究表明：（1）雪玉洞洞内氡子体平均平衡当量浓度为2135.7 Bq/m3;取平衡因子为0.5,则其平均氡浓度为4271.4 Bq/m3;（2）氡子体平衡当量浓度总体呈现出夏季高、冬季低及洞层越高,浓度越高的特点,而且氡子体平衡当量浓度变化与洞内温度变化相关性不明显,但与洞外的相关性则较强;（3）雪玉洞游客因吸入氡子体所致的年均有效剂量当量为0.02 mSv/a,只是联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会（UNSCEAR）估计的氡子体对公众产生危害的年有效剂量界限值（1.30 mSv/a）的1.54%,因此短时间游览对游客的健康不会产生影响。但是,由于洞穴讲解员、保安、拍照人员在洞内工作时间较长,接受氡子体照射的年均有效剂量当量分别为7.69 mSv/a、11.96 mSv/a、59.48 mSv/a,均高于UNSCEAR 的年有效剂量。因此,需要合理安排洞穴内工作人员工作时间和科学地制订出他们的年工作时间上限;加强氡危害相关知识的普及与洞穴工作人员的个人防护;在高氡浓度析出区域进行屏蔽防护或在适当位置安装空气净化器;与此同时,还要加强氡及其子体浓度的分析和监测等。     

1950~2005年大通河流域径流变化特征及影响因素

以大通河流域享堂水文站1950~2005年实测径流数据为基础,综合运用趋势分析、累积距平、R/S分析、Morlet小波分析、降水-径流深度双累积曲线等数理统计方法,研究了大通河流域径流的年内分配、年际变化和周期振荡特征、并定量分析了气候因素和人类活动因素对径流变化的影响。结果表明:（1）大通河径流年内主要集中在510月,占年径流总量的82%左右。1950~2005年,大通河流域年径流呈微弱减少趋势,递减率为-0.55×10⁸m³/10a（R2=0.025,P=0.249）,Hurst指数为0.58,表明未来一段时间内径流仍可能呈减少趋势;（2）1950~2005年,大通河流域年径流在27a时间尺度上周期震荡明显,经历了"多-少-多-少-多-少-多"7个循环交替;（3）大通河流域降水-径流深度双累积曲线在1994年发生显著偏移,1994年之前径流变化主要受降水影响,1994年以后,径流变化主要受人类活动影响。     

基于现代信息技术的汉唐时期新疆境内丝绸之路信息发布系统的研究与实现

以西汉、东汉、唐朝三代为研究时间域,以新疆境内的古丝绸之路为研究空间域;根据搜集的相关历史文献资料并对其进行分析,将得到的属性信息存入MySQL数据库中;结合GIS及RS技术,制作出电子地图并发布相应的本地地图服务;最后,利用PHP及Flex网络技术,将前期制作的电子地图发布到Internet上,供公众浏览、查询、学习等用。本研究将传统的考古学与现代信息技术进行结合,实现了两者的完善融合,弥补了传统考古学过于专注学术研究而忽略应用的缺陷,为公众免费提供服务的同时,也为丝线绸之路的进一步研究提供借鉴,为丝绸之路的申遗奠定基础。     

Analysis on public transportation influences on real estate development in East Lansing

The purpose for this article is to research the relationship between public transportation and real estate based on the area of East Lansing.Two methods are mainly used to analyze the data:correlation analysis and means analysis with the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS) data analyzing software.There are two analysis results:(1) the real estate,which is closer to public transportation,will have higher value than that is far from public transportation,and(2) the number of bus in one bus stop has no obvious relation with the value of real estate.Based on these results,real estate developers could build residential real estate close to public transportation or bring public transportation in their real estate community by contract with transportation corporations.In sum,they should reasonably use public transportation as attractive features to convince people to prefer to their houses.     

修水县大雾天气特征及预报指标误差分析

利用地面气象观测资料对修水县1954—2017年大雾时间变化特征和2005—2017年大雾出现时的主要预报指标进行了统计分析,此外利用ECMWF预报资料对2014—2017年11月—次年2月预报指标进行了误差分析。结果表明,大雾日数自20世纪90年代起显著减少,平均递减率为0.28 d/a;冬季大雾日数最多,春季次之,夏季最少;大雾出现的次数自02时之后显著增多,08时之后则显著减少。秋末至冬季,大雾出现时2 m相对湿度多大于93%,2 m温度露点差多小于1.2℃,10 m风速多小于1.2 m/s,02时总云量多在0—1成,此外若14时2 m相对湿度小于30%,一般不考虑次日预报大雾天气。在ECMWF细网格预报中,2 m相对湿度经常性预报偏小,而2 m温度露点差和10 m风速则经常性预报偏大,在实际业务工作中,可综合订正方程及误差概率分布等因素得到较为准确的预报指标值。     

山东省测量标志动态监管信息系统设计与实现

为提高山东省测量标志管理、维护、巡查、使用、迁建等监管水平,促进测量标志管理的规范化、巡查的信息化、服务的网络化、信息更新的同步化、准实时化,山东省国土资源厅构建了山东省省测量标志动态监管信息平台,横向上实现了与各级国土资源综合监管平台的集成,纵向上实现了省、市两级测量标志管理部门的系统互联和数据的动态同步更新,提高了全省测量标志的使用效能。     

河西走廊地带旅游营销策划战略

河西走廊地带是连接东西方丝绸之路的重要纽带,也是甘肃旅游业全面发展的重要一环.走廊内旅游资源丰富,品味深厚,具有发展旅游业的天然基础.然而,近年旅游发展比起东部旅游产业发达地区差距十分明显.目前,如何通过河西走廊旅游营销策划战略,提升河西走廊旅游整体形象,构建旅游精品片区,是关系甘肃省旅游发展的重大课题之一.该文在河西旅游资源宏观性评价及现实必要性分析基础上,完善并充实了河西走廊旅游形象定位,最后提出了河西走廊旅游营销策划思路,具体如下:(1)实施整合旅游营销战略,提升河西旅游整体形象;(2)创建文化产业精品工程,促使旅游形象对外传播;(3)完善河西旅游信息系统,推进旅游要素联动发展;(4)运用多种旅游营销媒介,推广河西旅游整体形象.