Investigation of lead and zinc dispersion from an abandoned mine site at Tyndrum, Scotland, using tree bark measurements

Tyndrum was an industrial mining area from 1741 until the 1920s where the main ores extracted were lead sulphide （galena） and zinc sulphide （sphalarite）. Situated in central Scotland, the now deserted site is identified as a highly polluted, barren area where the original waste residues from the mine, an ore processing and a smelting site are clearly evident. Previous studies have suggested that high levels of lead and zinc contaminants are still dispersed from this former mine site, both atmospherically and through fluvial transport. For example, high concentrations of Pb, identified by its isotopic signature as originating in Tyndrum, have been found in sediments in Loch Tay, 25 km east of this area. This paper presents the results of a study of the occurrence and magnitude of airborne contamination by dispersion from the former mine site using measurements of metal concentrations in tree bark. These naturally occurring ‘bio monitors＇, which accumulate airborne materials including heavy metals, have become an effective alternative to the more costly air-filter system, which is restricted in scope and coverage. Bark samples were acquired from Scots pine （Pinus sylvestris） trees, which are abundant around the derelict mine site. Suitable locations were chosen to investigate atmospheric transport and deposition of contaminants within the area.     

Near-field dispersion of produced formation water (PFW) in the Adriatic Sea: an integrated numerical-chemical approach

Produced formation waters (PFWs), a by-product of both oil and gas extraction, are separated from hydrocarbons onboard oil platforms and then discharged into the sea through submarine outfalls. The dispersion of PFWs into the environment may have a potential impact on marine ecosystems. We reproduce the initial PFW-seawater mixing process by means of the UM3 model applied to offshore natural gas platforms currently active in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea). Chemical analyses lead to the identification of a chemical tracer (diethylene glycol) which enables us to follow the fate of PFWs into receiving waters. The numerical simulations are realized in different seasonal conditions using both measured oceanographic data and tracer concentrations. The numerical results show the spatial and temporal plume development in different stratification and ambient current conditions. The analytical approach measures concentrations of the diethylene glycol at a maximum sampling distance of 25 m. The results show a good agreement between field observations and model predictions in the near-field area. The integration of numerical results with chemical analyses also provides new insight to plan and optimize PFW monitoring and discharge.     

Computer demodulation technique for a dual-channel microwave radiometer

The three stairstep output of the video amplifier has now been designed for the NOAA/WPL dual-channel radiometer in order to provide an analog input to one A/D converter instead of to two phase-detectors, and the synchronous detection for data and AGC is done in software. We put the new system into the dual-channel radiometer which was set in Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) to make experiments for three weeks and found the processor reliable and flexible.     

安徽和县猿人遗址牙化石的氨基酸生物地球化学

本文从氨基酸生物地球化学的角度,对安徽和县猿人遗址牙化石中的氨基酸进行了探讨,初步获得如下结果:1.牙釉化石的氨基酸组成中,酸性氨基酸含量极高(总量不低于30%);中性氨基酸含量也较大(总量在20%左右);碱性氨基酸含量极低,均在1%以下。 2.牙釉化石的氨基酸组成基本上取决于原生蛋白质的组成模式,但由于成岩作用的影响,使牙釉化石的氨基酸组成和含量与现生哺乳动物牙釉相比,存在较大差别。3.将测得的牙釉化石中的D-别异亮氨酸/L-异亮氨酸比值,以及根据对该地点动物化石研究而估算的平均成岩温度(12.5℃-13℃),代入有关的氨基酸测年公式,求得该猿人遗址的化石年龄为23万年。     

方解石沉积速率控制的物理化学机制及其古环境重建意义

本文总结了作者有关方解石沉积动力学研究的结果,发现方解石沉积速率受环境温度、CO2分压、水动力条件、水层厚度和溶液中钙浓度等多因素的控制.总的规律是温度愈高、CO2分压愈低、流速愈快、水层厚度愈大、溶液中钙浓度愈高,方解石沉积速率愈大.而且,方解石沉积速率随水中钙浓度的增加呈近似线性增加.文中对自然界类似环境条件下的速率系数和我国南北气候环境条件下的方解石沉积速率进行了总结和分析.文章最后对利用钙华和石笋的沉积速率进行古环境重建的复杂性进行了简要的讨论.     

河流地貌学在水利工程中的重要性

河流地貌学对于水利工程特别重要,因为许多重大问题都是由河流泥沙搬运和沉积过程中所塑造的河流形态所引起的。为了适当地解决这些问题,经常需要关于河流地貌学原理的知识。     

Water evacuations in remote tourist regions: evaluating case studies from natural hazards in North Patagonian lakes,Argentina

The remote North Patagonian region is a sparsely populated territory and a world famous tourist destination located on the leeward side of the Andes Mountains. Recent disasters triggered by various types of geoenvironmental hazards(including volcanic eruptions, mass-wasting processes and extreme weather events) heavily disrupted ground transport networks in a region with already limited territorial accessibilities. All these catastrophes prompted the need to evacuate or assist a number of seclud...     

源于采矿活动的金属对环境的影响：过程.预测及防治

采矿活动影响较小的范围，但对环境会有大的局部影响，采矿场金属主要以酸性矿山排水、废石堆和尾矿堆积的侵蚀等形式释放。对预测酸性矿山排水释放金属的有效方法进行了简单回顾。     

关于甘肃白银厂铜矿的几个地质问题

白银厂含铜黄铁矿型铜矿床经几年来详细勘探的结果,证明了它的规模的巨大。根据该矿区外围的地质普查材料,得知此型矿床,在祁连山区很有继续发现的希望,因而引起了国内地质学者们的注意。先后有宋叔和、李铭德、严济南及王若华等同志著文,对该区域及矿区的地质构造及矿床赋存特征,加以详细的论述。1954年～1955年刘宝珺因搜集论文资料,及1955年暑假冯景蘭因视察四年级同学生产实习和毕业设计实习,在该     

西澳大利亚纳里耶片麻岩杂岩的高敏度质谱分辨离子探针U-Pb锆石地质年代学

澳大利亚伊尔岗克拉通的纳里耶片麻岩杂岩的高敏度质谱分辨离子探针(SHRIMP)U-Pb锆石地质年代学已经进一步证明。该区的东半部含有丰富的早太古代片麻岩(3300-3730Ma),而且在其西半部发现了只有3000Ma或小3000Ma的片麻岩。在研究程度较高的纳里耶片麻岩杂岩的南部地区,早太古代片麻岩被划分为埃乌拉达(Eurada)片麻岩组合(最老的岩石为3490Ma)和努卡瓦拉片麻岩组合(最老的岩石为3730Ma)。在这两个组合中,只有最老的岩石是英闪质的,而所有较年轻的岩石是花岗闪长质或花岗质的。这两个组合,虽然构造上可能并列在一起,但直到发生3280-3300Ma的花岗岩和伟晶岩侵位为止,却表现为不同的演化历史。人们发现这两个片麻岩组合与纳里耶上壳岩组合呈互层,上壳岩组合含有丰富的富含石英的碎屑沉积岩。该岩石组合的最大露头形成了纳里耶山和杰克山(Jack HilIs),该区沉积物内少部分碎屑锆石年龄>4000Ma。碎屑锆石年龄数目(Populations)在纳里耶上壳岩组合中因样品而异。这些年龄数目的分析表明,除去3800—4280Ma的锆石因物源尚不知道外,其它碎屑锆石均以不同比例来源于努卡瓦拉和埃乌拉达片麻岩组合岩石。早太古代片麻岩组合之间的原始关系,由于几期花岗岩岩席的侵入作用,其与纳里耶上壳岩呈夹层以及2750Ma和2620Ma之间的褶皱,之后又伴随有太古宙末期或元古宙的近垂直剪切带运动,而面目全非。晚太古代事件与整个伊尔岗克拉通的事件完全相似,并且认为可能在几个不同的幕中通过地体组合伴随着克拉通的增长。