奥长花岗岩和奥陶纪Ammonoosuc火山岩系的变质石英角斑凝灰岩——新罕布什尔州西部和邻近的佛蒙特州和马萨诸塞州

奥陶纪Ammouoosuc火山岩及相当的岩石沿着新罕布什尔州北部和康涅狄格州南部之间的BronsonHill复背斜(BHA)分布的OLiverian穹窿出露。在新罕布什尔和相邻佛蒙特和马萨诸塞州,岩系的下部以镁铁质斜长角闪岩为主,上部以长英质变质石英角斑凝灰岩为主。在局部地区两种岩性呈互层,且两者都被奥长花岗岩岩床、岩墙及岩颈侵入。奥长花岗岩还构成若干小穹窿或深成岩体内部的片麻状“核心”。奥长花岗岩高硅(SiO_2=73—81％),低Al_2O_3(11.3—13.5％),一般K_2O<1％,从而类似于某些岛弧或大陆边缘环境的奥长花岗岩。奥长花岗岩和Ammonoosuc火山岩两者化学成分变化基本属于钙—碱性趋势。几个穹窿中的奥长花岗岩的主要元素和微量元素的变化,反映沿Brinson Hill复背斜有些不同的物质来原。可是,从总体上看,奥长花岗岩的主要元素和次要元素组成都很类似于Ammonoosuc石英角斑凝灰岩。由玄武质源岩的部分熔融或分离结晶作用都能够产生这些岩石,但根据该区存在大规模双模式玄武岩-石英角斑岩的Ammonoosuc组合,其中实际上缺少安山岩和其它中性成分的岩石,故部分熔融模式比较合理。正如对纽芬兰的非常相似的奥长花岗岩-角闪岩组合(Twillingate奥长花岗岩,Little Port杂岩)所假定的那样,比较簿的Ammonoosuc剖面似乎排除了奥长花岗岩在目前暴露出的岛弧底部产生。而正如现代板块构造模型所主张的那样,长英质Ammonoosuc岩石的形成更可能发生在BHA以下,沿着向东倾斜的俯冲带的较深部位。硅铝地壳与Ammonoosuc火山岩在时间和空间上紧密并置。可以解释后者的钙-碱趋势,并揭示古构造环境为收敛型的海洋-大陆板块边缘,可能横跨该岛弧有明显的地壳缩短。     

Use of Surface Observations to Estimate Upper Air Humidity for the Objective Analysis of Relative Humidity over Indian Region

In the present study objective analyses of relative humidity (RH) at surface and at the levels of 850, 700 and 500 hPa have been made using Gandin's (1963) optimum interpolation scheme. As the horizontal resolution of the radiosonde stations is rather inadequate for upper air humidity analysis, a scheme has been developed, following Rasmussen (1982) to estimate the upper air RH from the surface observations like surface RH, present weather and cloud cover. The relative humidities at the levels 850, 700 and 500 hPa were related to the surface observations through three separate regression relations. The RH values at 850, 700 and 500 hPa levels were estimated from the surface RH, cloud coverage and present weather using the above regression relations and subsequently the objective analyses at 00 GMT for the period from 4 July to 8 July 1979, were made using these estimated data along with the observed radiosonde data. Objective analyses were also made for the same period using only the radiosonde data for     

氨基酸外消旋测温法在地学中的应用

地质学家,尤其是古地理工作者对于不同地质时期的古气候变化情况特别关注。不同地质时期的气候变化直接影响到生物群的变化,也影响到动物的迁移、海面的扩涨或退缩、地壳岩石的物理及化学风化作用等等。地质时期气候的变化也是划分和对比第四纪地层的一种重要依据,而古温度又是古气候中的一个重要指标,所以,古温度的确定已成为地学研究中     

八十年代英国中学地理教学

八十年代,地理教学在英国学校中占有众所承认的地位,英国学校把地理教学纳入教程的方式因地方教育机构所管理的学校学制不同而异。最普遍的学制是5～11岁的儿童上小学,9—13岁的儿童上中学,这些学校均将地理纳入综合的教学课程中,或做为环境教育的部分内容。     

Use of Surface Observations to Estimate Upper Air Humidity for the Objective Analysis of Relative Humidity over Indian Region

In the present study objective analyses of relative humidity (RH) at surface and at the levels of 850,700 and 500 hPa have been made using Gandin’s (1963) optimum interpolation scheme. As the horizontal resolution of the radiosonde stations is rather inadequate for upper air humidity analysis, a scheme has been developed, following Rasmussen (1982) to estimate the upper air RH from the surface observations like surface RH, present weather and cloud cover. The relative humidities at the levels 850, 700 and 500 hPa were related to the surface observations through three separate regression relations. The RH values at 850, 700 and 500 hPa levels were estimated from the surface RH, cloud coverage and present weather using the above regression relations and subsequently the objective analyses at 00 GMT for the period from 4 July to 8 July 1979, were made using these estimated data along with the observed radiosonde data. Objective analyses were also made for the same period using only the radiosonde data for comparison to study the impact of those estimated data. Root mean square errors were computed for all the five days by interpolating RH at the observing stations from the objectively analysed field and comparing them with the actually observed RH to examine how best the analyses (with and without estimated data) fitted the observations. Lastly they were compared with satellite cloud pictures. This study shows that the estimated upper air RH values have positive impact on the analysis of upper air RH and could be used over radiosonde date sparse region and even over oceanic regions.     

1985年空间海洋学的状况和展望

1984年海洋学工程的主要措施是在空间建立海洋观察站。新的海军遥控海洋测向系统卫星(NROSS)和欧洲空间站的地球资源卫星(ERS—Ⅰ)已得到政府的批准,列入了预算项目,开展了利用卫星调查内容的计划和操作运行的计划。NROSS 的传感器有用于风的 NASA(国家航空和航天局)的传播计量器;用于水面温度,冰的性质和海冰边端的微波无线     

国际海上油气勘探争端及中日东海能源争议的剖析

我国海域因油气勘探与周围邻国出现的争执由来已久 ,近年来东海油气资源勘探开发更是引起了各方面的关注。加紧研究、理解并灵活运用国际海洋法 ,研究国际已有海域划界争议案例 ,改进协调海域油气资源勘探开发各个环节的工作 ,协调对外宣传口径 ,确保我国领海主权及民族利益是当务之急。一、国际海洋法的规定和协商分界的案例　　根据国际海洋法 ,一般沿海国家的领海范围 ,以海岸线包括常年居住岛屿的外延连线为准 ,以其垂线方向向外扩展 3海里或 9海里为界 ;专属经济区包括渔业、油气等矿产资源则采用大陆架自然延伸法或中间线划分法界定。…