日本的科学城——筑波

一九七九年,测量世界各主要工业国家的技术创新水平的指数出现了,这一指数是通过测量研究与开发的花费、研究许可的购买和出售、登记的专利数量、科研工作者的数量以及最终产品的增值得到的。指数值如下:美国100,西德56,日本50,法国38,英国26。用同样的指标去衡量,六十年代日本的指数值最低,日本的研究活动似乎不能与其战后的工业发展相提并论。     

STRUCTURAL STUDIES ON AGAR FRACTIONS EXTRACTED SEQUENTIALLY FROM CHINESE RED SEAWEEDS:GRACILARIA SJEOSTEDTII, G. TEXTORII AND G. SALICORNIA USING~(13)C-NMR AND IR SPECTROSCOPY

The polysaccharides of three species of Chinese Gracilaria (Rhodophyta) were extracted by sequential solvent extraction and the chemical structures of the fractions obtained were investigated by using 13C-NMR and IR spectroscopy.The 13C-NMR spectra showed that the main extract, cold water fraction, from G. sjeostedtii consisted of repeating disaccharides of agarobiose and (1→3)-β-D-galactopyranosy 1-(1→4)-α-L-galactopyranose 6-sulfate, the latter being a precursor to agarobiose and converted to agarobiose after alkali modification. The component of the 60% ethanol fraction from G. textorii was composed mainly of agarose 6-sulfate, 6-O-methyl-agarose and some amount of agarose, whose structures remained unchanged after alkali treatment. The autoclave extract from G. salicornia revealed a complex structure composed of 6-0-methyl-agarose, 2-0-methyl-agarose, branched 4-0-methyl-L-galactose and agarose 4-sulfate, All the substiluents in these agaroses, were stable against alkali treatment. The alkali ex     

土地评价原理及欧洲共同体的土地利用规划

目前欧洲共同体和许多工业化国家一样,正面临着生产过剩和农业生产不平衡问题。20％以上的农业总产值不得不用于补贴和维持谷类和奶制品过剩的市场。与此同时,社会对油料种子,蛋白作物,果品和木材的需要在不断增加。人们现在将遍认为,以前的农业方针不能再继续下去了,应该对农业生产的市场调解予以更多的注意。正像欧洲共同体1985年时指出的那样,新农业方针强调应压缩已经剩会的农业生产品种的生产(小麦、牛奶,黄油、肉类、糖类),按市场条件和消费者需求增加作物产品的更换和提高质量,同时把环境保护放到优先考虑的位置,最大限度地减小土壤侵蚀、污染和对自然生境的破坏。     

地球化学找矿的广延因素与内涵因素

引言对于一般矿床地质范围内的多数工作者说来,地球化学勘探这一概念,表示地表或近地表化学的区域调查和寻找某些元素,包括成矿元素或一些伴生探途元素的异常浓度的某些形式。但是,从现代地球化学和新技术方法的观点来看,这样一种方法未能反映出地球科学这一分支的最新进展的范围和能力。     

三维激发极化及电磁模拟

导言长期以来,由于缺乏足够的解释手段,电法勘探方法的应用受到了限制。为了解释资料,地球物理学家们不得不依靠物理模型实验、简单形体的解析解法,以及最近的二维模型数值解法。所有这些方法都是有用的,但是它们也都有局限性。     

AUSTRALIA-CHINA COOPERATION IN METEOROLOGY

Australia and China are two countries of comparable geographical size spanning similar latitude rangesin roughly the same longitudes yet with vastly different populations,histories and social structures.Thelinks between the two countries have developed rapidly over the past fifteen years,in few areas more-sothan meteorology,one of the most inherently international of all fields of human endeavour.This paperbriefly compares the historical development and current organization of meteorology in the two countries andreports on the highlights of a program of enhanced bilateral cooperation begun in 1985.