第20章 HYPA模式:西德汉堡海洋研究所混合参数波浪预报模式

20.1 引言 混合参数表面波浪预报模式（HYPA）可用于深水海浪预报。这个模式是早期NORSWAM模式（Gunther等,1979a,b及Ewing等,1979）的一个引伸。除了一维风浪谱的参数预报外,它还包括了另一个预报参数——平均风浪浪向（Gunther等,1981）。相对于不同的频率和方位,涌浪沿着预先给定的特征线传播,此方法与NORSWAM模式相同。在下一节中,我们将分三个部分（风浪、涌浪及风浪与涌浪的交换）介绍这一模式。 20.2 风浪 参数预报方程可由动量方程导出其中m是动量密度谱,v是群速,τ是谱动量密度的源函数。这一项一般可划分为大气输入项τ_(in),消耗项τ_(dis)和非线性相互作用项τ_(nl)。     

Environmental monitoring of the Zhujiang Estuary and its coastal waters

The Zhujiang (Pearl River) Estuary is a complex water system whose catchments basincovers a very large part of southern China. The large quantity of fresh water carried by the river system flows into the northern coast of the South China Sea through its eight inlets. The Zhujiang River Delta has experienced the fastest economic growth in China during the past two decades. Rapid population expansion and increased industrial development coupled with insufficient waste management turned the Zhujiang Estuary into waste disposal channels just before entering the coastal waters. The water quality of the estuaries and the coastal oceans has become polluted. During the past two years, an intensive study and monitoring efforts of the pollutions of these waters have been made. A systematic and integrated monitoring task including shore-based measurements, shipboard in-situ measurements, and satellite and radar remote sensing surveys has been completed. Comprehensive collection of physical, chemical and biological     

卡斯卡迪亚大陆边缘甲烷水合物稳定带地震层折研究

1993年6月，对在ODP第889B孔周围的BSR作了深入的地震研究。在两个航次中采用海底地震仪（OBHs）收集了大量的广角反射资料和单道地震资料。我们对工区内的一条测线的资料进行了新的2D旅行时反演。4个OBHs（广角反射资料）和单道地震资料的联合反演获得了在BSR上方P波的速度特征，结果发现这些速度略高于垂直地震（VSP）获得的速度和889B井声波测到的速度，BSR上方速度大约1．83－1．95km/s。两种不同方法估计的气体水合物含量大约为孔隙空间2％到24％。速度模型提供了该区BSR上方BSR反射强度和水合物含量之间关系。     

MEMORIAL OF YATSENG T. CHAO

The death of Mr Y T. Chao at the hands of bandits in Yunnan is a tragedy, the magnitude of which few can realize, and a loss to China which is absolutely irreparable. Modern science in China is so young and able men of science are so few, that the ruthless cutting off, at the very threshold of his     

TERMS FOR THE SHELL-ELEMENTS IN THE HOLOCHOANITES.

In 1918, at the meeting of the Palaeontological Society of America, I first advanced the proposition that the shell of the Holochoanites (Proterocameroceras, Cameroceras, Endoceras, Vaginoceras etc) was not the homologue of the shell of the Orthochoanites (Orthoceras etc) but that it was only the so-     

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SINAL FORMULA IN DEVONIAN AND POST-DEVONIAN SPIRIFERS

Recent study, has brought out the fact that members of the Spiriferidae, in which the sinus is plicated, are divisible into a series of distinct gronps, each of which shows a definite order of appearance of the plications in the sinus of the pedicle valve.     

REVISED CLASSIFICATION OF THE PALEOZOIC SYSTEMS IN THE LIGHT OF THE PULSATION THEORY

The Chronological classification of the rocks of the Earth's crust beganin the 18th century when John Strachey in England,Giovanni Arduino inItaly and Lehman,Füchsel,and Werner in Germany began their subdivisionon the lithological and structural basis.     

V.K.Ting,Scientist and Patriot.

In the lamented death of Dr. V. K. Ting on January 5th, 1936, at the age of49, China suffered an irredeemable loss. He may be called the founder of thescience of geology in China, and it was in geological field work that his con-     

南极洲赖特谷万达盐湖中铬的垂直迁移

南极洲万达湖湖水上部为氧化环境,铬浓度较低,Cr~(6+)占主导地位,主要以CrO_4~(2-)形式存在;下部为还原环境,铬浓度高,Cr~(3+)为主,以Cr(OH)_2~+和Cr(OH)~(2+)形式存在。湖水中锰、铁的氧化物及氢氧化物颗粒对铬离子的吸附和释放过程,控制了湖水铬浓度的变化。