Perfluorinated compounds in estuarine and coastal areas of north Bohai Sea, China

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in water, sediment, soil, and biota collected from estuarine and coastal areas of the north Bohai Sea, China, were determined by use of HPLC-MS/MS. Significant concentrations of PFCs were found in water (mean: 18.4 ng/l) and biologic samples (fish: 265 ng/g dw), while concentrations of PFCs in soils and sediments were less. The predominately detected compound was perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), with a maximum concentration of 30.9 ng/l in water and 791 ng/g dw in fish. Concentrations of PFCs were significantly greater in the Liaohe River system than other locations, which suggests point sources in this urbanized and industrialized region. PFOS concentrations in water and biota were both less than the reported threshold concentrations. Detection of PFCs at relatively great concentrations in various environmental matrices from this region suggested that further studies characterizing concentrations of PFCs, their sources and potential risk to both humans and wildlife are needed.     

Spatial and vertical distribution of organochlorine pesticides in sediments from Daya Bay, South China

The spatial and vertical distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) has been investigated in Daya Bay, China. The concentration of total OCPs in surface sediment range from 16.66 to 44.04ng/g dry weight with a mean concentration of 26.60ng/g. DDTs and HCHs were the predominant species. The ratios of (DDD+DDE)/DDT reflected a cocktail input pattern of fresh and weathered DDTs. The predominant alpha-HCH and the alpha/beta-HCH ratios indicated that the technical HCH contamination was mainly due to historical usage, although there was fresh input of lindane. The variation profiles of concentrations showed that OCPs were extensively applied between the late 1950s and early 1980s in China. A recent increasing trend in concentrations of DDTs and HCHs was found in both cores. The increasing ratios of (DDE+DDD)/DDT with corresponding decreases of DDE/DDT ratio implied that most of the DDTs deposited after their production ban were more likely "weathered" DDTs derived from soil residues.     

Species diversity and distribution for phytoplankton of the Pearl River estuary during rainy and dry seasons

Based on data collected at 31 stations and 1 continuous station in the Pearl River estuary during cruises of July 1999 (rainy season) and January 2001 (dry season), this study examined taxonomic composition, abundance, and spatial distribution of phytoplankton. Results indicated 130 species of phytoplankton in the samples from the rainy season, and 132 species in the dry season. Among them, in the rainy season, 82 species of diatom, 39 fresh-water and half-fresh-water species and 41 species of red tide organisms were found. Within these, there were 54 tropical and sub-tropical species, 47 cosmopolitan species and 17 temperate species. The abundance of phytoplankton in the rainy season was higher than that of the dry season, with an average of 6.3 x 10(5) cells x L(-1) and 1.4 x 10(5) cells x L(-1), respectively. Diversity index (H') and evenness (J) were 2.47 and 0.57 in the rainy season, and 2.01 and 0.54 in the dry season. The dominant phytoplankton species in the rainy season was Skeletonema costatum with an average of 2.8 x 10(5) cells x L(-1) and 45.0% of the total phytoplankton abundance. In the dry season, Eucampia zoodiacus became the key dominant species (5.9 x 10(4) cells x L(-1)) when it was 43.47% of the total phytoplankton abundance. Distribution of the dominant species varied with salinity of sea-water, and their amounts correlated negatively with nutrients and zooplankton.     

兰州盆地活断层的高分辨率浅层地震勘探技术

针对城市活断层浅层地震探测的一些技术问题,在兰州盆地的金城关断层和刘家堡断层沿线开展活断层浅层(50 m以内)地震勘探技术研究.主要采用纵波和横波多次覆盖共CMP点地震反射方法,获得了目标场地地震图像资料,尤其横波地震剖面更加清晰地反映出超浅层构造空间特征.以红艺村测线(HYC)和师范学校西测线(SFXX)为例,分析总结了数据采集、资料处理、剖面解释三方面浅层活断层地震探测的技术要点.结果可以为兰州市及类似复杂构造地区活断层地震调查提供技术参考.     

西藏高原洞穴碎屑沉积的电镜扫描研究

应用电镜扫描石英颗粒结构分析,对西藏高原洞穴碎屑沉积及其相关的地表沉积物进行了研究。其结论是:绝大部分样品的物质来源于附近的火成岩和变质岩基岩,这些沉积物的石英颗粒表面并未显示经受冰川的、河流的或风的搬运作用所造成的变形痕迹,也缺乏成土作用或热带湿热环境的化学变形证据。很明显,目前的环境难于在石英颗粒表面产生物理的或化学的结构形态。      

祁连山俄博岭地区热融洼地与冻胀草丘活动层融化深度差异性对比研究

全球气候变暖背景下,活动层厚度的加深是多年冻土退化最主要表现特征之一,但其变化存在强烈的空间异质性,尤其是在复杂山地环境显得更为突出。以祁连山黑河流域俄博岭为研究区,采用钎探的方法,在样方尺度上探究冻胀草丘和热融洼地两种微地貌下伏活动层融化深度的差异性。结果表明：6—10月,冻胀草丘和热融洼地活动层融化深度的变化范围分别为（44.48±4.97）~（118.38±20.94） cm和（29.22±7.42）~（93.40±15.45） cm,且冻胀草丘活动层融化深度加深的速度快于热融洼地。样方尺度上,两种微地貌下伏活动层最大融化深度差异比较明显,冻胀草丘处的活动层融化深度是热融洼地的2倍之多,这主要由不同微地貌之间土壤含水量的差异而导致的。另外,借助一维热传导模型模拟了两种微地貌下的活动层热状态,结果表明土壤水分差异性致使热融洼地的融化深度较冻胀草丘浅。山地环境条件下,不同微地貌之间活动层融化深度差异性研究有助于为未来开展高精度活动层融化深度制图提供可靠的技术支撑。     

A NEW APPROACH TO CONFIRMATION BY INFRARED SPECTROMETRY

In the series of analytical techniques for identification of chemical substances,infrared spectrometrypresents by far the highest information content.However,the information is most complicated too.Itconcerns a multitude of band positions,band intensities and band shapes,which,moreover,can bedisturbed by matrix and other effects.The high redundancy,however,allows conclusions to be made bya qualitative,subjective procedure.IR is often used to prove the equality between a sample and a reference material,e.g.in quality controlof a production process.In forensic control,the question to be answered is mostly not to prove equality,but whether or not the presence of a compound in a sample,e.g.a drug,can be proved.Moreover,testinghas to be performed according to objective rules.To fulfil these requirements,a new retrieval algorithm,the‘Adequate Peaks Search’,is presented.Itconcerns representing the reference spectra by sets of adequate peak positions and the sample spectrumby a set of all peak positions,whereafter the cross-sections of the sample set and the reference sets aredetermined.The concept‘adequate peak’is defined and criteria have been formulated to evaluate theresults into a positive(presence of the analyte is proved) or negative(presence is not proved)conclusion.The detection limit when the Adequate Peaks Search(APS)method was applied was four to seven timeslower than that attained by a number of experts.     

苏鲁超高压带北部中生代岩浆侵入活动与同碰撞—碰撞后构造过程：锆石U-Pb年代学

苏鲁超高压变质带北部威海地区发育大量中生代侵入体。本文报道了新的同位素稀释法和 SHRIMP 锆石 U-Pb 同位素年龄数据,确认该区中生代侵入岩浆活动主要有三期,分别是三叠纪晚期～210Ma,侏罗纪晚期160～140Ma 和白垩纪早期～110Ma。三叠纪晚期主要是橄榄安粗岩系列的侵入体,包括邢家碱性辉长岩(211±5Ma 和213±5Ma),甲子山辉石正长岩(211.9±1.5Ma 和209.0±6.5Ma),槎山正长花岗岩(205.7±1.4Ma),它们的形成可能指示深俯冲大陆的板片断离作用。侏罗纪晚期主要有垛崮山花岗闪长岩体(161±1Ma),文登花岗岩体(160±3Ma)和昆嵛山花岗岩体(142±3Ma)。大量700～800Ma 的继承锆石指示这些花岗岩是俯冲的扬子板块部分熔融的产物,它们可能起因于碰撞加厚地壳的拆沉作用。白垩纪早期的侵入体代表性的有六度寺辉石闪长岩(114.5±0.8Ma),秦薄顶钾长巨斑状花岗岩(114±1Ma),三佛山钾长斑状花岗岩(113±1Ma)和伟德山花岗岩(108±2Ma)。这些高钾钙碱系列侵入体,是中国东部普遍发育的岩石圈减薄过程中强烈的壳幔相互作用的产物。     

中国新沂马陵山白垩纪恐龙足迹——从虎到肉食龙及由传说至古生物学（英文）

江苏省新沂市马陵山地区的4个神秘的印记,传统上被解释为“李存孝打虎处”的“虎爪印”和“人足迹”,重新将其解释为大盛群田家楼组恐龙足迹。这些足迹中只有一个最深的“虎爪印”保存了可识别的趾印,表明它是一个有着后内侧拇趾印的兽脚类恐龙左足迹,是一道单步约50cm的直线行迹的一部分;另一种解释是该足迹为小型蜥脚类恐龙的右后足迹,形成行迹的右侧部分,其左侧部分没有保存。马陵山足迹点提供了恐龙足迹如何影响中国民间传说的另一个案例。     

干旱区地下水补给与气候变化的包气带地球化学记录--以巴丹吉林沙漠为例

氯平衡原理在降雨极其稀少的干旱区研究地下水补给具有较强的适用性,与H、O稳定同位素及含水量在包气带垂向的变化相结合,能够准确地计算地下水的多年平均补给率.在巴丹吉林沙漠南缘的2个钻孔剖面分别记录了过去574 a(B1)和812 a(B2)以来的补给量变化过程及其所反映的气候波动特征,在该地区,多年降雨量为89 mm,而补给量平均仅为1.3 mm/a,从B2剖面完整的记录可以将800 a B P气候划分为4个干期和3 个湿期.1500～1530年是干旱区气候突变的时期,18世纪末至19世纪初是气候环境演化的又一个十分重要的时间界限,自此以后的漫长时间,干旱化进程进一步加剧.