美国海岸侵蚀防护措施

影响海岸侵蚀的主要原因有海岸地貌、海滩植被．海平面水位变化、暴风(包括飓风和台风)、潮差及季节性水位变化、自然变化造成砂源供应短缺和人为活动引起的砂源供应变动．     

沸石,福尔马林,增加细菌和充气对总氨氮的影响

水产养殖池氨的浓度高时,对鱼、虾的生长和存活即低。许多渔民和虾农都观察池子的总氯氮(TAN)浓度,而且发现浓度超过每升2或3毫克时,就要采取多种措施来减少TAN的浓度。最通常的方法是换水、充气和使用沸石,有时也使用福尔马林和产生的细菌。换水能稀释氨的浓度,对于水源充分的大水体,是有效的。充气是排氨到空气中,但研究结果表明,没有显著的排除效率。天然和合成沸石是     

莱州湾地区盐业发展目标预测分析

本文采用定性与定量相结合的分析方法，在对莱州湾地区盐业生产的潜力，盐产品市场需求等进行分析的基础上，对１９９５年和２０００年莱州湾地区盐业的发展目标进行了预测分析，为编制《莱州湾开发与整治规划》提供了依据。     

几种大型珍珠贝人工苗网箱式中间培育的研究

采用网箱式和传统式2种方法,在3个不同类型的海区(内湾性的陵水县黎安港、半开放性的雷州市流沙港、开放性的三亚市六道湾),进行几种大型珍珠贝人工苗的中间培育.经90d的中间培育后,结果表明:网箱式培育与传统式培育相比较,几种珍珠贝的生长速率和成活率都有较大幅度的提高.其壳高生长速率的增幅分别为:珠母贝18.9%、18.2%、19.9%;大珠母贝22.8%、20.6%、23.5%;企鹅珍珠贝21.8%、20.7%、21.7%;均为差异显著(P＜0.05)或差异极显著(P＜0.01).成活率的增幅分别为:珠母贝175.0%、147.9%、133.9%;大珠母贝172.8%、159.0%、127.4%;企鹅珍珠贝122.5%、118.2%、102.2%,均为差异显著(P＜0.05)或差异极显著(P＜ 0.01).     

太阳活动上升期源表面太阳风质量流量的速度关系分析

以ＩＰＳ速度、光球磁场、Ｋ─日冕偏振亮度和卫星实地观测数据为基础,综合生成处于太阳活动上升期的１９７６年１０个太阳周（１６４３─１６５２卡林顿周）的源表面高度（Ｒ＝２．５Ｒｓ,Ｒｓ为太阳半径）和日球空间中（ＩＡＵ）太阳同质量流量速度谱。结果表明,速度谱存在与太阳活动上升期一致的＂三段＂结构,且各段分别与不同的磁结构区相对应。     

Underwater sounds near a fuel receiving facility in western Hong Kong: relevance to dolphins

Western Hong Kong is home to two species of marine mammals: Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphins (Sousa chinensis) and finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides). Both are threatened in many parts of their range in southeast Asia [for example, International Biological Research Institute Reports 9 (1997), 41; Asian Marine Biology 14 (1997) 111]. In 1998, when the new Hong Kong International Airport opened in western Hong Kong, small tankers (about 100 m long, cargo capacity about 6300 metric tons) began delivering fuel to the Aviation Fuel Receiving Facility (AFRF) just off Sha Chau Island, north of the airport. Calibrated sound recordings were taken over a 4-day period from a quiet, anchored boat at distances 80-2000 m from aviation fuel delivery activities at the AFRF. From the recordings, 143 sections were selected for analysis. Narrowband spectral densities on the sound pressures were computed, and one-third octave band levels were derived for center frequencies from 10 to 16,000 Hz. Broadband levels, viz. 10-20,000 Hz. were also computed. The results showed that the Sha Chau area is normally noisy underwater, with the lowest broadband levels measured corresponding to those expected during a storm at sea (sea state 6). This background noise is believed to come largely from heavy vessel traffic in the Urmston Road to the north and east of Sha Chau and from vessels in the Pearl River Estuary to the West. The sound levels from the AFRF tankers are comparable to the levels measured from similar- and smaller-sized supply vessels supporting offshore oil exploration. The strongest sounds recorded were from a tanker leaving the AFRF at distance 100 m from the hydrophone, for which the one-third octave band level at 100 Hz was 141 dB re 1 microPa (spectrum level 127 dB re 1 microPa2/Hz) and the 10-20,000 Hz broadband level was 146 dB. At distances of 100 m or more and frequencies above 300 Hz, the one-third octave band levels were less than 130 dB (spectrum level 111 dB re 1 microPa2/Hz) and decreased with increasing frequency and distance. At distances greater than about 500 m, AFRF-associated sounds were negligible, masked by the generally high noise level of the area and attenuated by poor transmission in the very shallow water (<10 m). Because it is believed that humpbacked dolphins and finless porpoises are not very sensitive to sounds below 300 Hz, the Airport Authority Hong Kong (AA) stipulated that dedicated terminal vessels not radiate underwater sounds at spectrum levels greater than 110 dB re 1 microPa2/Hz at frequencies above 300 Hz and distances greater than 300 m. The spectrum levels at 300 Hz and higher frequencies of sounds from the tankers arriving, departing, or off-loading at AFRF were less than 110 dB re 1 microPa2/Hz even at distances of 200 m or less. The AA stipulation was met. However, it is presently unknown whether the generally strong noise levels of western Hong Kong inhibit acoustically based feeding and communication, or result in increased stress or permanent shifts in hearing thresholds.