南极东部毛德皇后地Schirmacher山区与区域褶皱作用及混合岩化作用相伴出现的高温糜棱岩

Schirmacher山区的前寒武纪基底岩石位于南纬70°44′33″～70°46′30″和东径11°22′04″～11°54′00″,岩石表现出几个阶段的褶皱作用、剪切带的发育以及两期截然不同的变质-混合岩化事件。区内的岩石经受了初期阶段的麻粒岩相变质作用及紧随其后的紫苏花岗岩化。非常粗粒的含紫苏辉石、石榴石的伟晶岩呈平行条带状侵入,并使岩石转变成为混合岩。这一事件之后为角闪岩相退化变质作用与区域花岗岩化,形成了区内的主体长英片麻岩。某些变斑晶具有紧闭微褶的Si,它主要由针状矽线石包体反映出来。这些早期微褶     

Ocean storage of nuclear wastes? Experiences from the Russian Arctic

An international demonstration (RD&D) project for ocean storage of radioactive wastes should be proposed, to study the feasibility of the concept of ocean storage of nuclear waste. This international project should utilize the scientific, engineering and technical capabilities of selected universities, oceanographic institutions, NGOs and industries. This project would need to be an independent (non-governmental) study, utilizing the capabilities of selected universities, oceanographic institutions, environmental NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) and industries. Scientists and engineers first need to conduct an engineering, environmental, and economic feasibility study of the concept. The goal of the project would be to determine if ocean-based storage reduced the risks to the environment and public health to a greater degree than land-based storage. This would require comparing the risks and factors involved and making the data and information available to anyone, anywhere, anytime on the internet. The mere presence of an investigation of the ocean storage option could facilitate scientific and engineering competition between the two options, could subsequently reduce environmental and public risks and provide better protection and cost benefits in the system utilized. One of the primary concerns of the scientific community would be related to the sensitivity and precision of the monitoring of individaul containers on the ocean bottom. An advantage of the land-based option is that if there is a release, its presence could be detected at very low levels and be contained in the storage facility. On the ocean bottom, a release from a container might not be easily detected due to dispersion. Therefore the containment system would have to be a system within a system with monitoring between the two providing greater protection. Ocean storage may have greater technical and political hurdles than land-based options, but it may provide greater protection over time, because it negates the threat of terrorism, it therefore merit further study. In the future if the use of nuclear energy and nuclear wastes increases, the global society could benefit from this international project, because it could reduce environmental and public health risks and promote energy independence.     

水文网络模型在分布式流域水文模拟中的应用

水文网络模型是地理信息系统对流域实际河网水系的一种规范化描述,它采用拓扑关系来确定流域水流的空间聚合与分散。准确地描述水文网络对成功模拟流域水流的空间分布起着至关重要的作用。水文网络数据模型的关键在于如何表达水文网络的构成要素,以及如何建立要素间的拓扑关系。本文重点阐述了水文网络模型在分布式流域水文模拟中的应用。实例研究证明,采用水文网络模型来表达流域河网水系结构有助于准确地模拟流域上水流的空间与时间分布。     

贵州猫场铝土矿成矿环境分析

黔中隆起后的碳酸盐岩及粘土岩类在长期物理、化学作用下,首先形成红粘土;红粘土进一步风化,而后分解成Al、Fe的氧化物、氢氧化物,在溶坑和溶蚀凹地内初步富集成零星分散的致密状和土状喀斯特型铝土矿,因地形改变再度进入分解破碎,为猫场最终铝土矿的形成提供物质来源—铝土矿碎屑。这些铝土矿碎屑和Al、Fe的氧化物、氢氧化物被地表和地下水以不同形式搬运到猫场十溶蚀湖中,按碎屑、化学、生物沉积规律形成猫场古溶蚀湖沉积铝土矿床。     

西藏冈底斯造山带几乎同时形成的两套埃达克岩为什么一套含矿一套不含矿？

野外地质调查结合锆石U-Pb年龄测定和岩石化学成分分析,发现西藏冈底斯碰撞造山带晚中新世发育两套埃达克岩.一套呈NS向岩墙产出,锫石U-Pb-LAICP-MS年龄为15.6～16.8 Ma,地球化学上以富Na2O、贫K2O、Sr/Y比值高为特点,不含矿;另一套呈岩株产出,锆石 U-Pb SHRIMP 年龄为14.0～15.3 Ma,地球化学上以富K2O、贫NaO、Sr/Y比值低为特点,伴随着大规模的斑岩型铜钼矿化.两套埃达克岩都高度富集大离子不相容元素(LILE)Rb、Ba、Th、U、K、Sr、Pb,强烈亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、Ti,反映出俯冲组分对岩浆源区的明显影响,具备岛弧岩浆作用的基本特征.比较而言,含矿埃达克岩更富集Rb、Th、U、K、Pb,而不含矿埃达克岩更富集Sr;不含矿埃达克岩的高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti亏损更加强烈,Zr、Hf相对富集.两套埃达克岩都是形成于碰撞后地壳伸展的同一地球动力学背景下,其岩石地球化学差异主要与岩浆源区有关.研究表明,含矿埃达克岩的岩浆源区较浅,位于下地壳底部,参与岩浆作用的俯冲组分以沉积物熔体为主,岩浆的氧化性较强,并且经历了更多的分异过程.不含矿埃达克岩的岩浆源区较深,位于岩石圈地幔上部,参与源区岩浆作用的俯冲组分主要是板片流体,岩浆氧化性较低,岩浆分异过程较少.两套埃达克岩含矿与不含矿的原因包含了源区物质组成和岩浆生成条件两方面的差异.     

贵州涟江惠水段河流阶地特征与地貌演化研究

贵州涟江惠水段级次清晰的四级阶地是流域地貌阶段性演化的直观记录。笔者等利用差分GPS测量法精确厘定了涟江阶地的级序和高程,结合剖面观测发现从上游到下游,涟江惠水段阶地标高和级差逐渐降低,地貌面整体呈“收拢”趋势;阶地沉积物呈现砾石层厚度变小,砾石含量降低、砾径减小,砂质沉积占比增大趋势;阶地类型从基座阶地为主向堆积阶地为主演变。光释光（OSL）测年显示,T1阶地埋藏年龄31.2±2.0 ka BP到14.7±1.3 ka BP,T2阶地122.4±8.5 ka BP到66.9±3.8 ka BP,阶地年龄与贵州高原其他流域十分相近,具有同步演化特征。结合阶地时代和发育特征,认为贵州高原河流阶地是构造运动的产物。涟江四级阶地记录了在更新世以来四次构造抬升背景下,流域经过多期自北向南“削高补低”的地貌改造,逐步由构造洼地演变为山间盆地的地貌过程。