Mercury pollution sources in sediments of Patos Lagoon Estuary,Southern Brazil

Present study has continued the investigation on distribution of mercury in estuarine sediments of Patos Lagoon which began whilst assessing the after-effect of enormous accidental discharge of sulfuric acid into the estuary. An attempt to evaluate the contribution of anthropogenic effluents on mercury pollution in sediments was undertaken. The effluents from Rio Grande City sewages were categorized into four groups based on their sources. Comparison of mercury concentrations from those, indicated that domestic effluent was prevalent. Apparent geographic controls of effluent locations enriched in mercury on zones of polluted estuarine sediments were also revealed. Insufficient control on waste collecting and absence of sewage treatment are considered the principal causes of mercury pollution in estuarine sediments.     

角闪石变形变质过程及其变形机制—以山西恒山地区斜长角闪岩为例

山西恒山变质岩中斜长角闪岩经历了复杂的变质变形过程,为角闪石塑性变形提供了深入研究的契机.本文通过对变形角闪石样品的显微构造观察、电子探针分析和变形条件估算确定恒山地区斜长角闪岩的变质变形过程可分为二个阶段:(1)变质反应(～775℃,0.585GPa),原岩辉长岩中辉石退变为角闪石,形成近等粒状角闪石冠状体;(2)局部韧性剪切变形过程(650～679℃,0.770～0.914GPa),近等粒状新生角闪石和亚颗粒旋转斜长石发生递进变形,形成角闪石集合体残斑结构和强定向排列等变形组构,应变量>1000%.进一步的EBSD组构和TEM亚微构造分析,发现递进变形过程中等粒状角闪石和斜长石颗粒内部位错等亚微构造发育微弱,在组构极密投影图上仅在强变形部位出现{100}<001>滑移系的优选,新生等粒状角闪石集合体由残斑结构变形为强定向排列组构的过程中发生了超塑性流动,其变形机制以颗粒边界滑移为主.     

辽东半岛早白垩世伸展构造组合、形成时代及区域构造内涵

辽东半岛地区广泛发育了多种不同类型的伸展构造,包括伸展断陷盆地（通远堡、本溪和丹东）、拆离断层（大营子）和变质核杂岩（辽南和万福）,它们具有宏观一致性但却表现出一定的差异.西部地区,结伴发育了两个共用同一下盘的变质核杂岩—辽南和万福变质核杂岩;中东部地区发育了大营子拆离断层系;东部地区广泛发育了多个伸展断陷盆地.对于伸展构造相关的同构造侵入岩与伸展断陷盆地火山岩的年代学分析揭示出伸展构造总体发育于135～106Ma之间,但是各个伸展构造发育时间有一定的差异.伸展构造具有运动学统一性、几何学上的不对称性和构造-岩浆共同活动性;它们在形成时间上具有差异性与跨越性,区域产状变化与切割深度的不一致性;伸展构造宏观上构成共轭组合,但单个伸展构造却具有不对称性.华北、东北、华南乃至蒙古和俄罗斯远东地区的早白垩世伸展构造与辽东半岛地区伸展构造的发育具有统一的组合规律,可以认为辽东半岛地区伸展构造的发育是东亚早白垩世伸展构造域的缩影.Izanagi板块与欧亚板块之间的交互作用以及东亚地区岩石圈结构调整、深部流体活动性和壳幔拆离作用是制约东亚地区早白垩世伸展构造发育的重要因素.     

原特提斯洋在滇西南地区的俯冲记录：来自保山地块奥陶纪花岗岩的年代学、地球化学以及Hf-Nd同位素的支持

中国西南地区在早古生代期间位于冈瓦纳大陆北缘, 该地区保存有早古生代岩浆岩记录, 它们的形成与原特提斯洋的演化密切相关。本文报道了滇西南地区保山地块平达乡附近的早古生代花岗岩的岩石学、全岩主-微量地球化学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、锆石Hf同位素和磷灰石Nd同位素组成, 以探讨保山地块早古生代花岗岩的岩石成因、岩浆源区性质以及岩体形成的地球动力学机制。通过对保山地块平达花岗岩中岩浆锆石开展LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测试, 结果显示花岗岩形成于465.9~454.9Ma, 是中-晚奥陶世岩浆作用的产物。平达岩体主体岩性为二长花岗岩, 主要矿物组成为斜长石、石英和碱性长石(条纹长石和正长石), 次要矿物为黑云母和白云母。本文报道的花岗岩样品显示出高的SiO₂(72.16%~76.87%)和Al₂O₃(12.50%~14.36%)含量, 低的MgO(0.12%~0.64%)、Mg^#(20.9~35.9)、Cr和Ni含量以及较高的Rb/Sr和Rb/Ba比值; 结合花岗岩较高的A/CNK值(1.06~1.45), 显示弱过铝质至强过铝质的特征, 表明其属于S型花岗岩。此外, 平达岩体二长花岗岩样品具有低的Al₂O₃/TiO₂比值和变化的CaO/Na₂O、Rb/Sr、Rb/Ba比值, 表明其岩浆源区包含泥质岩石和砂质岩石, 显示混合源区的特征。结合滇西南早古生代二长花岗岩变化较大的锆石ε_Hf(t)值(-11.10~-4.05)、磷灰石ε_Nd(t)值(-8.76~-6.96)和Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄(2140~1704Ma), 表明它们的岩浆源区为古元古代地壳中泥质岩石和砂质岩石混合源区。综合滇西南地区广泛发育的早古生代岩浆岩以及同时期的蛇绿混杂岩记录, 本文认为保山地块早古生代S型花岗岩是地壳沉积组分部分熔融的产物, 形成于原特提斯洋西向俯冲相关的活动大陆边缘背景。

     

Long term monitoring of photosystem II herbicides--correlation with remotely sensed freshwater extent to monitor changes in the quality of water entering the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Photosystem II (PSII) herbicides are used in large quantities on agricultural lands adjoining the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Routine monitoring at 14 sites in inshore waters of the GBR using passive sampling techniques detected diuron (32-94% of sampling periods) at maximum concentrations of 1.7-430ng L(-1) in the relatively pristine Cape York Region to the Mackay Whitsunday Region, respectively. A PSII herbicide equivalent (PSII-HEq) index developed as an indicator for reporting was dominated by diuron (average contribution 89%) and typically increased during the wet season. The maximum PSII-HEq indicates the potential for photosynthetic inhibition of diatoms, seagrass and coral-symbionts. PSII herbicides were significantly positively correlated with remotely sensed coloured dissolved organic matter, a proxy for freshwater extent. Combining these methods provides for the first time the potential to cost-effectively monitor improvements in water quality entering the GBR with respect to exposure to PSII herbicides.     

Arsenic pollution in Patos Lagoon estuarine sediments, Brazil

Arsenic distribution in sediments of the Mirim-Patos lagoonal system is investigated. Deposits of fresh water Mirim Lagoon and those of the fresh water part of the Patos Lagoon contain 2.5 and 7.7 mg kg(-1), respectively, on average of total arsenic. In contrast, estuarine sediments of the Patos Lagoon are evidently contaminated by arsenic in high concentrations (up to 50 mg kg(-1)), and about 80% of the arsenic there is found in a bioavailable form. Analytical data coupled with direct, visual observations of estuarine water contamination by raw phosphorites and fertilizers suggest that the major source of arsenic in the estuarine sediments originated from the fertilizer industry.     

阿尔金断裂中段(阿克塞一芒崖段)的早期断层作用

对于阿尔金断裂带中段阿克塞芒崖地区开展的宏观构造分析、显微构造解析,并结合温压测定与测年分析,证明阿尔金断裂带的早期变形演化是一种韧性走滑剪切变形作用过程,沿断裂带形成了糜棱岩与糜棱状岩石.由变形构造、岩石组构和应变型式判别出与走滑断层作用相伴的中部地壳层次花状构造的存在.构成中部层次花状构造的岩石中同构造变形成因多硅白云母的出现说明韧性变形期间特殊的高围压条件(达0.43GPa),而白色云母(白云母和绢云母)与绿泥石组合指示了较低的温压条件(t:270～350C;p:0.05～0.43 GPa).断裂带中的异常p/t变化主要归咎于高剪切应力引起的剪切加热与超压效应.依据同变形期矿物(白色云母)40Ar-39Ar记年初步证实早期韧性剪切变形发生于早白垩世(91～89 Ma).     

大陆壳的生长：一个机械模式

随着时间演化大陆壳(CC)的总量与体积的净生长量是地质学中尚未解决的最大难点之一。在这里不要把净生长量与单一大陆块的局部生长量混为一谈,后者(比如岛弧增生)是一种未必需有净生长量的过程。地球化学家愿意强调CC与洋壳(OC)之间的差异,但从星体-地幔角度考虑,CC与OC在成分上亦或密度上都是很相似的。二者之分布显然是由海拔高度所限定的。然而,地球的双峰海拔型式明确地反映了成因区别。CC是参与地幔对流的那部分地壳,而CC是保持相对稳定的那部分地壳。地球的平流冷却机制要求岩石物质俯冲,由于地壳固有的浮力,这就需要地壳/岩石圈总厚度比值很低。假定岩石圈厚度相对一定(热上浮的洋中脊除外),那么地球就会将其大部分地壳堆叠成少数厚大的大陆,从而容许俯冲作用自如地在大范围薄壳上作用。这种