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901.
An isotope-geochronological study has been performed to examine the products of Late Cenozoic collision volcanism on the northern
coast of Lake Van, Turkey. We obtained 45 new K—Ar dates, based on which the principal time characteristics of volcanic activity
in the region have been determined. Volcanic activity in the northern coast of Lake Van has lasted ∼15 myr; it has had an
expressed discrete nature, when periods of intense volcanic activity alternated with long-lasting pose periods. Four stages
of Neogene—Quaternary volcanism have been identified: Middle Miocene (15.0—13.5 Ma), Late Miocene (10—9 Ma), Pliocene (5.8—3.7
Ma), and Quaternary (1.0—0.4 Ma). The average duration of the stages was 1—2 myr; the stages were separated from each other
with periods of inactivity of approximately equal lengths (∼3 myr). For each of the Pliocene and Quaternary stages, three
additional phases of volcanism have been identified, which were separated from each other with short time intervals (a few
hundred thousand years). The last burst of volcanic activity in the study area occurred ∼400 ka; similar to Quaternary volcanism
in general, it was not characterized by a high intensity. An important result of the studies performed was to confirm the
existence of a separate Middle Miocene stage of collision volcanism for the Caucasian—Anatolian Segment of the Alpine Fold
Belt. New geochronological data generated presented in this paper indicate that Neogene—Quaternary volcanism in this portion
of the belt started much earlier (∼15 Ma) than assumed by the majority of the previous researchers. 相似文献
902.
V. Yu. Prokof’ev N. S. Bortnikov V. A. Kovalenker S. F. Vinokurov L. D. Zorina A. D. Chernova S. G. Kryazhev A. N. Krasnov S. A. Gorbacheva 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2010,52(2):81-113
The chemistry, REE patterns, and carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of carbonates from ore veins of the Darasun deposit
are discussed. In addition to the earlier described siderite, calcite, and carbonates of the dolomite-ankerite series, kutnahorite
is identified. The total REE content in Fe-Mg carbonates of the dolomite-ankerite series (2.8–73 ppm) is much lower than in
later calcite (18–390 ppm). δ13C of Fe-Mg carbonates and calcite varies from +1.1 to −6.7‰ and from −0.9 to −4.9‰, respectively. δ18O of Fe-Mg carbonates and calcite varies from +17.6 to 3.6‰ and from +15.7 to −0.5‰, respectively. The REE sum and carbon
and oxygen isotopic compositions reveal zonal distribution relative to the central granodiorite porphyry stock. The correlation
between the carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions and REE sum reflects variations in the physicochemical formation conditions
and composition of ore-forming fluid. The isotopic composition of fluid is calculated, and possible sources of its components
are considered. Earlier established evidence for a magmatic source of ore-forming fluid and participation of meteoric water
in ore formation is confirmed. Geochemical evidence for interaction of ore-forming fluid with host rocks is furnished. The
relationships between the REE sum, on the one hand, and carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of hydrothermal ore-forming
fluid, on the other, are established. 相似文献
903.
904.
Variations in long term wind speed during different decades in Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A study has been carried out by comparing the extreme wind speeds estimated based on NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data for 100 years
return period using Fischer Tippet-1 (commonly known as Gumbel) and Weibull distributions for three locations (off Goa, Visakhapatnam
and Machilipatnam) in the north Indian Ocean. The wind dataset for Goa is compared with that from ERA-40 data. For higher
wind speeds (12–20m s−1), NCEP wind speed has higher percentage of occurrence than that of ERA-40. Analysis has shown slight upward trend in the
annual maximum wind for location off Machilipatnam with an increase of 1.2 cm s−1 per year and a decreasing trend of −1.3 cm s−1 per year in the case of Goa. The Weibull distribution with shape parameter 2 fits the annual maximum wind data better than
FT-1 distribution. 相似文献
905.
I. S. Krassivskaya E. V. Sharkov N. S. Bortnikov A. V. Chistyakov N. V. Trubkin T. I. Golovanova 《Petrology》2010,18(3):263-277
Altered variolites described for the first time in the axial zone of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge are represented by rounded globules
of andesite (icelandite) composition with light trachyandesite rim embedded in a picrobasaltic matrix. The globules were transferred
with picrobasaltic melt and then floated to the surface of lava flow, while formation of leucocratic rims was presumably related
to thermodiffusion (Soret effect) in a cooling heterogeneous melt. This heterogeneous melt was formed by penetration of ascending
column of picrobasaltic magma in already existing small intracructsal magmatic chamber filled with residual icelanditetype
andesite melt and involvement of the latter into a general upward movement. The rapid ascent of the melts in the oceanic spreading
zones by means of turbulent flowing caused dispersion of the extragenous melt into small drops in a jet of picrobasaltic magma,
without their interaction. Variolites were formed during cooling of such heterogeneous lava flow. No signs of liquid immiscibility
were found in the studied variolites. 相似文献
906.
A. V. Kudymov 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2010,4(6):495-501
The study of tectonic sliding surfaces (hereafter, slickensides) and striae, as well as strike-slip echelons of quartz streaks,
in the Kiselevka fault zone made it possible to reconstruct four groups of stress fields with a wide age range (from the Paleocene
to Recent). The meridional compression and latitudinal extension of the earliest stress field promoted the left-lateral displacement
along the Kiselevka fault. The fault activation in that period was accompanied by the final-phase magmatite formation in the
East Sikhote-Alin volcanoplutonic belt. In contrast, the subsequent stress field of the sublatitudinal compression and submeridional
extension changed the fault kinematics to right-lateral strike-slip ones. The origin and development of the Udyl intermontane
depression is linked to these deformations. Upthrow deformations complicated the structure of the Udyl depression, whereas
normal fault deformations produced the depression of Lake Udyl and the bays along the left bank of the Amur River. 相似文献
907.
A sequence of mineral associations was examined in eclogitized basites of the Krasnaya Guba dike field in the Belomorian Mobile
Belt. Two morphological types of eclogite and eclogite-like rocks were recognized: (1) eclogite rocks that developed after
ferrogabbro dikes and completely replaced these dikes from contact to contact and (2) eclogite-like rocks that developed after
gabbronorites in zones of ductile deformations and shearing. According to data mineral geothermobaromety, both rock types
were formed within temperature and pressure ranges corresponding to high-pressure and high-temperature amphibolite facies
at T = 700 ± 40°C and P = 10.0 ± 0.5 kbar. The peak metamorphic parameters of the host gneisses are analogous. The decompressional stage, which is
unambiguously identified by reaction textures, occurred at 630–660°C and 7.9–8.2 kbar. As the temperature and, first of all,
pressure decreased, the SiO2 activity in the fluid systematically varied. The eclogitization of the basites took place locally in relation to fluid fluxes,
which were restricted to zones of intense deformations, at variable SiO2 activity. The rocks show evidence of two stages of post-eclogite amphibolization. Older amphibolization 1 was coeval with
the late prograde metamorphic stage (T = 650°C, P = 10–11 kbar). Younger amphibolization 2 affected eclogitized basite dikes and unaltered gabbronorites (together with their
host gneisses) over large areas. This process coincided with decompression (T = 580°C, P = 7–8 kbar) and was likely accompanied by the exhumation of deep zones of BMB to upper-middle crustal levels. 相似文献
908.
909.
This article gives an account of the results of the U-Pb-SHRIMP study of zircons derived from gneissoid and equigranular granitoids
of the Malka Uplift of the Sredynnyi Range in Kamchatka. It was established that intrusion and crystallization of granitoids
occurred in the time interval from 76.2 ± 1.5 to 83.1 ± 2.0 Ma. The texture of zircon crystals suggests their magmatic origin.
The obtained data reliably confirm that granite formation and emplacement of the recently formed continental crust in Kamchatka
took place in the Late Cretaceous (Campanian). 相似文献
910.
The Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) Pb–Zn ore district at Mežica is hosted by Middle to Upper Triassic platform carbonate rocks
in the Northern Karavanke/Drau Range geotectonic units of the Eastern Alps, northeastern Slovenia. The mineralization at Mežica
covers an area of 64 km2 with more than 350 orebodies and numerous galena and sphalerite occurrences, which formed epigenetically, both conformable
and discordant to bedding. While knowledge on the style of mineralization has grown considerably, the origin of discordant
mineralization is still debated. Sulfur stable isotope analyses of 149 sulfide samples from the different types of orebodies
provide new insights on the genesis of these mineralizations and their relationship. Over the whole mining district, sphalerite
and galena have δ
34
S values in the range of –24.7 to –1.5‰ VCDT (–13.5 ± 5.0‰) and –24.7 to –1.4‰ (–10.7 ± 5.9‰), respectively. These values are
in the range of the main MVT deposits of the Drau Range. All sulfide δ
34
S values are negative within a broad range, with δ
34
S
pyrite <δ
34
S
sphalerite <δ
34
S
galena for both conformable and discordant orebodies, indicating isotopically heterogeneous H2S in the ore-forming fluids and precipitation of the sulfides at thermodynamic disequilibrium. This clearly supports that
the main sulfide sulfur originates from bacterially mediated reduction (BSR) of Middle to Upper Triassic seawater sulfate
or evaporite sulfate. Thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) by organic compounds contributed a minor amount of 34S-enriched H2S to the ore fluid. The variations of δ
34
S values of galena and coarse-grained sphalerite at orefield scale are generally larger than the differences observed in single
hand specimens. The progressively more negative δ
34
S values with time along the different sphalerite generations are consistent with mixing of different H2S sources, with a decreasing contribution of H2S from regional TSR, and an increase from a local H2S reservoir produced by BSR (i.e., sedimentary biogenic pyrite, organo-sulfur compounds). Galena in discordant ore (–11.9
to –1.7‰; –7.0 ± 2.7‰, n = 12) tends to be depleted in 34
S compared with conformable ore (–24.7 to –2.8‰, –11.7 ± 6.2‰, n = 39). A similar trend is observed from fine-crystalline sphalerite I to coarse open-space filling sphalerite II. Some variation
of the sulfide δ
34
S values is attributed to the inherent variability of bacterial sulfate reduction, including metabolic recycling in a locally
partially closed system and contribution of H2S from hydrolysis of biogenic pyrite and thermal cracking of organo-sulfur compounds. The results suggest that the conformable
orebodies originated by mixing of hydrothermal saline metal-rich fluid with H2S-rich pore waters during late burial diagenesis, while the discordant orebodies formed by mobilization of the earlier conformable
mineralization. 相似文献