Investigation into wave properties of the atlantic surface temperature spatial variability on interannual scales

The results of investigations into the spatial variability of the Atlantic Ocean surface temperature field on interannual scales are presented. The analysis is based on monthly mean satellite data of the AVHRR Pathfinder Data JPL NOAA/NASA over 1985–2001. Specific features of the structure of the sea surface temperature (SST) fields averaged over 17 years, as well as fields of the gradient and variance of the SST time series, are described for each node of the data grid. It is shown with the use of the rhythmodynamic approach that spatial heat waves exist in the interannual variability of the SST field in two directions: zonal and meridional.     

The relationship between the behavioral activity and the underwater vocalization of the beluga whale (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Delphinapterus leucas</Emphasis>)

The underwater vocalizations of the beluga whale summering in Onega Bay (64°24′N, 35°49′E) were recorded in June–July of 2008. The vocalizations were classified into five major whistle types, four types of pulsed tones, click series, and noise vocalizations. To determine the relationship between the behavioral activity and the underwater vocalizations, a total of fifty-one 2 minute-long samples of the audio records were analyzed in the next six behavioral contexts: directional movements, quiet swimming, resting, social interactions, individual hunting behavior, and the exploration of hydrophones by beluga whales. The overall vocalization rate and the percentage of the main types of signals depend on the behavior of the belugas. We suggest that one of the whistle types (the “stereotype whistle”) is used by belugas for long-distance communications, while other whistle types (with the exception of “squeaks”) and three types of pulsed tones (with the exception of “vowels”) are used for short distance communication. The percentage of “squeaks” and “vowels” was equally high in all the behavioral situations. Thus, we assume that “squeaks” are contact signals. “Vowels” have a specific physical structure and probably play a role in identification signals. A high rate of the click series was observed in the process of social interactions.     

Delivery of chemical elements with atmospheric precipitations to the coastal regions of the Crimea in 2004–2008

We study the space-and-time variations of the delivery of fluxes of 26 elements (Na, K, Rb, Cs, Cu, Ag, Au, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, Hg, Hf, Ta, As, Sb, Cr, Se, Mo, W, Mn, Br, Fe, Co and Ni) with atmospheric precipitations to the sea surface in the regions of Sevastopol and the South Coast of Crimea. It is established A series of general regularities of the delivery of the sum of these elements and their soluble and insoluble forms. We also give the characteristics of their space-time variability.     

Objective analysis of the structure of three-dimensional atmospheric fronts

A computational method for diagnosing three-dimensional atmospheric fronts from temperature, wind, and geopotential fields on a three-dimensional regular grid is proposed. The criterion, which serves for the diagnosis of atmospheric fronts, is discussed. The weights of the input information about the mentioned fields are optimized based on the maximal difference between the correlation functions for (a) pairs of particles separated by the front and (b) pairs from one synoptic mass. These weights were different for different baric levels. The correlation functions and the optimization of weights were estimated on the basis of the archive of fields of the NCEP objective analysis on the half-degree latitude-longitude grid and data from aerological observations. The results of numerical experiments on the construction of atmospheric fronts are presented. Applying the described method to fields predicted for a term of up to 36 h showed that errors in the prognostic models introduce a relatively weak distortion into the geometry of atmospheric fronts.     

Two types of alkaline volcanics in the southwestern Iberian margin: The causes of their diversity

The diverse geodynamic conditions of the parental magma??s melting are responsible for the compositional diversity of the alkaline volcanics near the southwestern margin of Iberia. The petrological-geochemical data show that the volcanics of the Gorringe Bank originated within the continental plate. The parental melilitite melts depleted in silica and anomalously enriched with trace elements could have been generated only in deep settings with a low degree of metasomatically enriched mantle matter melting. The volcanic melilitite-nephelinite-phonolite series is widespread in alkaline provinces of the Eurasian, African, and other continental plates. The Ampere, Josephine, and other seamounts and islands of the region are largely composed of volcanic rocks belonging to the picrobasalt-hawaiite-mugearite association. Their parental magmas were generated within the oceanic plate at shallower depths under a higher degree of moderately enriched oceanic lithospheric mantle melting. Both series of volcanics were formed under the influence of mantle plumes.     

Change in biochemical and morphological characteristics of Lonicera caerulea in tectonically active zone of the Dzhazator River Valley (Altai Mountains)

Local geophysical and geochemical anomalies affect the polymorphism of taste variations, berry shape, and content of some biologically active substances in Lonicera caerulea leaves in the tectonically active Altai Mountains (Dzhazator River basin).     

Studies of the European Arctic on Cruise 80 of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh

Oceanology - The multidisciplinary expedition “European Arctic-2020” on board the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh took place from July 31 to August 26, 2020. The investigations were...     

Two Modes of Atmosphere–Ocean Interaction in the Atlantic Sector of the Arctic Basin

Oceanology - The paper examines the influence of the main mode of interannual variability of the North Atlantic climate system—the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)—on the hydrophysical...     

The Ctenophore,Beroe ovata Bruguière, 1789 – the New Invader in the Ecosystem of the Caspian Sea

Oceanology - In November 2020, the invasive ctenophore Beroe ovata Bruguière, 1789 was recorded in samples of gelatinous zooplankton from the northern and central parts of the Caspian Sea. The...     

Role of the Radiation Factor in Global Climatic Events of the Late Holocene

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - On the basis of calculations of insolation and insolation characteristics, taking into account changes in solar activity, the causes of global climatic...