Relation between source rock properties and wireline log parameters: An example from Lower Jurassic Posidonia Shale, NW-Germany

The relationships between source rock quality and wireline log parameters were established for the Lower Jurassic Posidonia Shale, the most prolific petroleum source rock of Central Europe. Wireline logs used are the gamma ray spectrometry, density, sonic and various resistivity logs. The organic geochemical parameters considered include the organic carbon content, hydrogen index, and the hydrocarbon potential expressed by pyrolysis yield. The case history presented is based on a continuous core through the entire Posidonia Shale interval from a location where this source rock is immature. Care was taken to detect and to avoid samples and log values influenced by bore hole roughness and fractures. Fair correlations were observed only between uranium content from gamma ray spectrometry log and organic carbon content. No correlation was recognized between uranium content and kerogen type as defined by hydrogen indices. For various reasons density, sonic, and resistivity logs did not provide useful data in this study.Three rock units with irregular, high and low uranium contents could be differentiated. Possible causes for this tripartition are different environments during deposition and postdepositional redistribution of uranium during early diagenesis and in association with fractures.     

The ophiolitic peridotites of the Western Alps: Record of the evolution of a small oceanic-type basin in the Mesozoic Tethys

Summary Among the ophiolitic peridotites upwelled during the opening of the small Mesozoic Tethys, two groups have been recognized in the sector of the Western Alps: a) EO ultramafics (Mt. Civrari and Monviso) which are very depleted in easily fusible elements and followed a very high temperature (starting from 1300°C) decompressional trajectory; b) LA (Lanzo) and WO (Tour Real) ultramafics which are less depleted, followed decompression at slightly lower temperature (< 1200 °C) and might represent sections of shallower subcontinental mantle. The peridotites are associated with magmatic sequences showing affinities with N-MORB. These sequences derive from partial melting processes which left residua similar to the EO peridotites, but probably different from the LA-WO peridotites. These evidences demonstrate that small oceanic-type basins like the Mesozoic western Tethys are associated with MORB-type magmatism, but include mantle sections recording different steps in the evolution of the basin. Moreover these Tethys-like basins closed a few tens of m.y. after opening and their formation seems to be controlled by active tectonism and by local perturbations of large scale geodynamic processes.

---

Les péridotites ophiolitiques des Alpes occidentales: témoins de l'évolution d'un petit bassin de type oceanique dans la Téthys Mésozoique

Résumé Parmi les péridotites tectonitiques remontées dans la Téthys Mésozoique lors de son ouverture on reconnait dans le secteur des Alpes occidentales: a) des ultramafites appauvries en éléments incompatibles qui ont suivi une trajectoire décompressionale à tres haute température (1300 °C) (M. Civrari et Monviso: EO); b) des ultramafites moins appauvries qui ont suivi une trajectoire à plus basse température (< 1200 °C) et qui pourraient représenter des témoins de manteau sous-continental (Lanzo: LA; Tour Real: WO). Ces peridotites sont associées à des séries magmatiques à affinité de N-MORB. Les péridotites EO peuvent représenter les résidus de la fusion partielle qui a produit les séries magmatiques de type N-MORB, cela n'étant pas probablement possible pour les péridotites LA et WO. Bien que les séries magmatiques des petits bassins océaniques de la Tethys Mésozoique occidentale montrent en général des affinités MORB, les péridotites témoignent de differentes étapes d'évolution des bassins. De plus ces petits bassins ont été fermés quelques m.a. après leur ouverture et leur évolution semble liée à une tectonique tres active et à des perturbations locales des phénomènes géodynamiques à grande échelle.

---

---

With 9 Figures

---

This work is part of a C.N.R. (Centro di Studio sui Problemi dell'Orogeno dell Alpi Occidentali) programme.     

Survivality and Impaired Growth in Arsenic Treated Fingerlings of Channa punctatus,a Fresh Water Murrel

The LC₅₀-values of As³⁺-compounds for Channa punctatus are determined for a 48-h exposure to 19.4 (18.02… 21.3) mg/1 and for a 96-h exposure to 14.3 (13.06… 16.80) mg/1. At a long-time exposure to 7.0 mg/1 As³⁺, during the first seven days there does not occur any change of growth, then the growth in length and the increase in weight decreased by 6.6 and 11.7%, respectively, till the 31st day. At the same time, the RNA content of the muscle decreased by 11.5% to 966.7 μg/g fresh weight and the protein content decreased by 12.5 % to 95.39 mg/g fresh weight.     

Proterozoic deformation of the East Saharan Craton in Southeast Libya, South Egypt and North Sudan

The basement areas in Southeast Libya, South Egypt and North Sudan, west of the Nile, between Gebel Uweinat and the Bayuda Desert, are part of an approximately 1000-km-wide, complexly folded, polymetamorphic zone with a regional N-NNE-NE-ENE trend of foliation and fold axis. Since this belt extends southwestward into the area of Zalingei in the southern Darfur block (West Sudan), it is named the Northern Zalingei fold zone. Sr and Nd isotopic studies suggest that this zone is older than Pan-African and further indicate that, apart from Archean rocks in the Gebel Uweinat area, this belt is of Early-Middle Proterozoic age. An Early-Middle Proterozoic three-stage deformational and anatectic event established the present-day fold and fault geometry in the western parts of this zone in the Gebel Uweinat—Gebel Kamil area. The Pan-African tectono-thermal episode was most effective in the eastern part of the belt, near the boundary with the Nubian Shield volcano-sedimentary-ophiolite-granitoid assemblages. It caused migmatization, granite emplacement, mylonitization and large-scale wrench faulting which was related to Late Proterozoic accretionary and collisional events of the Arabian-Nubian Shield with the margin of the East Saharan Craton.     

Decomposition of fayalite (Fe2SiO4) in an oxygen potential gradient at 1,418 K

The decomposition of fayalite (Fe₂SiO₄) in oxygen potential gradients is studied at T=1,418 K. The compound will be decomposed into its component oxides wüstite, Fe_1?δO, and silica, SiO₂, by the simultaneous action of two different oxygen partial pressures, exceeding a critical ratio, despite the fact that fayalite is stable at both the lower and the higher oxygen potential. A quantitative analysis of the decomposition process caused by defect fluxes within the bulk Fe₂SiO₄ is given.     

The western desert — an example for geodetic problems in arid areas

In this paper some methodical aspects concerning the construction of an accurate geodetic network in arid areas and the connection of the new points to an existing network are discussed. In this context special attention is rapid on the determination of the station heights above the geoid. For the Western Desert in Egypt, which can be regarded as an example of an arid, geodetically underdeveloped region, an observational program is outlined that combines Doppler-measurements with an astrogravimetric-levelling.