有孔虫壳体内草莓状黄铁矿成因及其地质意义——以湖北雁门口地区栖霞组有孔虫化石为例

在湖北省京山县雁门口地区栖霞组上部的含泥灰岩中存在丰富的节房虫科底栖有孔虫化石,主要有节房虫属、厚壁虫属和郎格虫属,壳体均被草莓状黄铁矿充填。对其系统的显微镜、扫描电镜观察和黄铁矿的能谱分析结果发现,黄铁矿草莓体直径最大为15 μm,平均约10 μm,硫铁原子比值（S/Fe）为1.90±0.10,表明在黄铁矿形成过程中,有孔虫壳体空腔内呈轻度- 中度贫氧的微环境。在分析该类黄铁矿成因的基础上,认为有孔虫壳体内的黄铁矿在指示沉积环境和保存环境方面具有局限性。     

几种常见矿物的接触角测定及其讨论

为了评价矿物表面与特征液体的界面能量，分别测定了长石、石英、黑云母、方解石、萤石和黄铁矿等7种常见矿物与水、正庚烷和正丁醇的接触角，并计算了相应的表面自由能。结果表明同一矿物不同结晶面(晶面)的接触角有一定的差异，这一差异与矿物结构面上原子种类和相对含量差异有一定的对应关系。     

FINDING CAUSES OF OUTLIERS IN MULTIVARIATE ENVIRONMENTAL DATA

Multivariate outliers in environmental data sets are often caused by atypical measurement error in a singlevariable.From a quality assurance perspective it is important to identify these variables efficiently so thatcorrective actions may be performed.We demonstrate a procedure for using two multivariate tests toidentify which variable‘caused’each outlier.The procedure is tested with simulated data sets that havethe same correlation structure as selected water chemistry variables from a survey of lakes in the WesternUnited States.The success rates are evaluated for three of the variables for sample sizes of 50 and 100,significance levels of 0.01 and 0.05 and various amounts of mean shift.The procedure works best forhighly correlated variables.     

台湾西南部乌山顶泥火山的成因机制初探

乌山顶泥火山位于台湾西南部旗山断层沿线.由于台湾西南部具有独特的地质构造背景,沿着古亭坑背斜和旗山断层沿线分布了许多泥火山.本文以乌山顶泥火山为例,研究泥火山的成因.在了解泥火山地质背景、活动现状的基础上,分析了喷出物的矿物组成、古生物组合、流体地球化学特征.喷出的主要矿物有石英、伊利石、高岭石-蒙脱石混层矿物、伊利石-蒙脱石混层矿物,古生物有Reticulofenestra minuta、 Sphenolithus abies等,流体中的离子主要是Cl-、Na+等.由此探讨了泥浆来源和成因机制,认为泥火山的活动与深部古亭坑组地层存在异常高压有关,构造活动是泥火山活动的主要诱发因素.     

多孔介质中天然气水合物稳定性的实验研究进展

勘探表明天然气水合物多产出于细碎屑沉积物中,其分布和赋存形式受温度、压力、水化学条件等多种物理化学因素的影响。前人的实验研究表明不同孔径尺度中的甲烷水合物稳定性有别于块状、层状水合物,同时孔隙表面的润湿性也是影响因素之一。在综合分析前人研究成果的基础上,系统阐述了孔隙的孔径、孔隙内表面润湿性对所含天然气水合物稳定性的影响规律,总结了可能的内在机理;并指出了当前应当尽快建立包括空间效应、温度、压力和组分等因素的综合天然气水合物相图,查明含天然气水合物沉积物的孔隙结构和表界面特征,建立天然气水合物的稳定性模型,将有助于精确预测天然气水合物的分布和规模,对于水合物开发和甲烷存储技术的研发也有着重要的意义。     

微生物作用下玄武岩的溶解: 粘附作用和温度的影响

使用透析的方法,设计实验探讨了多粘芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)的粘附对玄武岩中矿物溶解的影响,同时通过改变实验温度,探讨了岩石的微生物溶解与温度的关系.10 d的实验结果表明,在30 ℃条件下,细菌P. polymyxa及其代谢产物对玄武岩的溶解有显著促进作用,加速了橄榄石中Mg、Fe、Mn的溶出及辉石和长石中Ca、Al的溶出,而在5℃条件下,这种促进作用不明显.细菌及其代谢物的粘附能加速Mg、Fe、Mn的溶出,抑制Ca的溶出,这种不同的影响与两组元素的溶出机制不同,且粘附对各溶出机制的影响也不同有关,Al的溶出受粘附作用的影响较小.低温条件下,粘附作用对玄武岩中各元素的溶出基本无影响.     

Improved prediction of clay soil expansion using machine learning algorithms and meta-heuristic dichotomous ensemble classifiers

Soil swelling-related disaster is considered as one of the most devastating geo-hazards in modern history.Hence,proper determination of a soil’s ability to expand is very vital for achieving a secure and safe ground for infrastructures.Accordingly,this study has provided a novel and intelligent approach that enables an improved estimation of swelling by using kernelised machines(Bayesian linear regression(BLR)&bayes point machine(BPM)support vector machine(SVM)and deep-support vector machine(D-SVM));(multiple linear regressor(REG),logistic regressor(LR)and artificial neural network(ANN)),tree-based algorithms such as decision forest(RDF)&boosted trees(BDT).Also,and for the first time,meta-heuristic classifiers incorporating the techniques of voting(VE)and stacking(SE)were utilised.Different independent scenarios of explanatory features’combination that influence soil behaviour in swelling were investigated.Preliminary results indicated BLR as possessing the highest amount of deviation from the predictor variable(the actual swell-strain).REG and BLR performed slightly better than ANN while the meta-heuristic learners(VE and SE)produced the best overall performance(greatest R2 value of 0.94 and RMSE of 0.06%exhibited by VE).CEC,plasticity index and moisture content were the features considered to have the highest level of importance.Kernelized binary classifiers(SVM,D-SVM and BPM)gave better accuracy(average accuracy and recall rate of 0.93 and 0.60)compared to ANN,LR and RDF.Sensitivity-driven diagnostic test indicated that the meta-heuristic models’best performance occurred when ML training was conducted using k-fold validation technique.Finally,it is recommended that the concepts developed herein be deployed during the preliminary phases of a geotechnical or geological site characterisation by using the best performing meta-heuristic models via their background coding resource.     

海平面变化研究进展

海平面变化研究进展Ｂ．Ｕ．Ｈａｑ海平面变化与大气、大洋和岩石圈体系的长期变化密切相关。这些体系的长期不稳定性可以引起大的海平面波动，这种波动的持续期较长，由数千年至数百万年。例如，自末次冰期极盛时结束以来，海平面升高约１１０ｍ。然而，大约４ｋａ前，全...     

地幔对流及其对地壳表层拉张盆地的影响

回顾近十年来在地幔对流方面的最新研究进展,阐述了板块俯冲后在地幔中的演化特征,以及地幔上升流即地幔柱的驱动机制和地质效应。特别介绍了地幔柱对地壳表层拉张盆地形成和充填过程的影响。进一步探讨了地幔柱活动在济阳坳陷的地质表现及其引发的火山岩浆活动、碎屑充填特征。认为盆地演化的阶段性间接反映了地幔对流的阶段性。