我们需要一门新地图学吗?

“新地图学”是近年来国际地图学者们议论的一个热点。本文提出了另一种观点,代表了另一部分学者意见。本文作者现任西德地图学协会主席,在1987年墨西哥ICA国际学术讨论会上,由作者本人宣读了该文。     

德国Laacher See火山响岩中微量元素丰度和其矿物/溶体的分配系数

采自西德Eifel东Laachef Sce晚第四系具不同成份分带的火山碎屑岩层的二十六个全岩、七个基质和五十三个单矿物样品用中子活化仪器进行了分析。这些资料表明喷发前Laacher See岩浆房内的化学变化与其它资料导出的一致。岩浆房顶部是高度分异的晌岩,底部是富含铁镁质的响岩。一些不相容元素如Zn、Zr、Nb、Hf、U、LREE和HREE在顶部相当富集,而相容元素如Sr、Sc、Co、Eu强烈地亏损。中等可溶元素Ta和一些MREE在中间层位被耗损。全岩和基质资料表明,响岩溶体在化学成分上的分带性与斑晶含量无关。混染岩(响岩—碧玄岩)中相容元素的丰度最大。所有元素(除Rb外)对于浮岩地层层位来说,都出现连续的成份变化。依据这些资料我们能划分出三个主要的单元:早期喷出的高度分异岩浆,发生演化的响主体和作为最终产物的铁镁质响岩。九个矿物相的微量元素分配系数(K)的巨大变化就地层层位而论不能用常规的机制进行解释。我们假定响向岩熔体中微量元素含量的明显变化由结晶作用控制着分异作用,而分异同时和(或)之后的液—液两相分异作用所控制。这又引起了斑晶和主岩基质之间不平衡。所以分配系数不同于平衡分配系数,相当于后期结晶作用总和。不同于基质成份。这样,就能利用△K—△M图(K的变化相对于M的变化关系图)讨论变化的分配系数K和基质M之间的关系。这个图的不同部分与不同参数有关(T、P、聚合作用,杂岩建造,分带岩浆柱中的平衡结晶作用晚期结晶作用和非平衡效应),这些参数能大体说明分配系数变化的原因。△K—△M图能够区别由分异岩浆系统产生的天然火山岩中影响分配系数的不同作用。     

变质流体研究某些重要进展

着重介绍了近年来国内外在变质流体与变质矿物共生组合，变质流体与变质反应温度，变质流体不混溶性以麻粒岩相变质流体特征研究方面所取得的一些重要进展。     

Growth Dynamics of the Middle Devonian Jukoupu Bioherm,Xinshao, Hunan

The growth process, palaeoecological features and the function of organisms in reef-building of the Jukoupu bioherm in Hunan are discussed in detail. The bioherm is divided into 10 microfacies. Organisms are very abundant in the reef. Thirty-two genera Belonging to 7 phyla have been recognized. They make up 5 communities composed mainly of stromatopoids, Corals and algae, each of which has its own salient ecological features. An analysis of all communities shows that the organic functions are very complex. The same organisms may possess diverse functions simultaneously as the reef growth enters the late stage. The growth process of the reef may involve five stages' (l)biostrome stage, (2) stabilization stage, (3) frame-type reef-building stage, (4) binding and covering-type reef-building stage, and (5) baffle- type reef -building stage.     

变质反应对变质温度的缓冲效应

变质反应对变质温度的缓冲效应赵国春（长春地质学院，长春１３００６１）关键词变质反应，变质温度，缓冲效应变质作用温度除受区域热流值直接影响外，还常受变质反应的缓冲［’，’ｊ。缓冲程度可根据有关的矿物热力学数据进行定量或半定量估算。对于在变质作用过程中所...     

关于白云母中多硅白云母和钠云母组份之X射线分析的一些评述

过去都用晶胞参数b和c~*来测定泥质片岩中折云母固溶体**多硅白云母和钠云母的组份。然而评论文章和一些新资料表明: 1.物理性质和化学性质之间不存在使人信服的统计上的相关性; 2.偶然地似乎倾向于相关不能用于白云母中多硅白云母组份和或钠云母组份的定量分析。显然,除八面体的和层间的化学组成和化学性质外,还有更多因素会影响白云母固溶体的晶胞参数。     

变质作用P—T—t轨迹若干问题评述

着重介绍了目前变质作用P－T─t轨迹研究在变质作用温压确定、变质作用不同阶段时间标定、变质作用动态演化过程的组构标志、变质作用演化热模拟以及变质作用P─T─t轨迹与大地构造环境之间关系等方面所存在的若干问题。     

Evolution of the Extensional Rifted Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi Oceanic Basin During the Late Hercynian to Middle Indosinian Stage

On the basis of exhaustive researches on the facies sequences and depositlonal evolutionary process of various depositional systems, the genetic stratigraphic framework of the extensional rifted oceanic basin, which has undergone strong structural destruction, has been reconstructed by means of dynamic genetic stratigraphic analysis. Five depositional episodes have been distinguished from various isochronous stratigraphic boundaries and stratigraphic sequences with the three-dimensional structure of each depositional episode analysed in detail. The tectonic paleogeographic environment corresponding to different stages of each depositional episode has been reconstructed for individual depositional system tracts. And the evolution history of this rifted basin has been divided into four stages' initial rifting and oceanization of continental crust, stretching and spreading of the basin, subduction and basin differentiation, and convergence and collision. A NNE-trending intracontinental soft collision sutur