Anthropogenic pressure on structure and composition of a shola forest in Kerala, India

Introduction Tropical region is endowed with a vast tract of diverse vegetation (Gentry 1992). Among different types of forests, the montane forests, due to their unique features including rich biodiversity andprominent ecological services, have always attracted biologists, bio-geographers, ecologists and forest managers (Doumenge et al. 1995). In India, montane forests covering 7.9 % of total forest area occur in the Himalayan, northeastern and southern parts of the country (Lal 1989). In s…     

SPECTRUM CHARACTERISTICS OF MAJOR IONCONCENTRATIONS AT WUHAN SECTOIN OF THECHANGJIANG RIVER

IINTRODUCTION been used to Interpret waterqualltycharacteristlcs（SHEN，1994）．In fact，the temporal changes of waterSince the 1930s，river water quality has been one quality parameters have ceFtaln re剖larfluctuatlons withof the main topics of water environmental sciences．their own spectrum characteristic and causes．However，Since the 1980s，global change has become the hot spot waterquallty average will lose this statisticall讪matlonOearth science a…     

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IN CHEMOMETRICS

Chemometrics is defined as the application of mathematical and statistical methods to chemical systems.Systems theory is seen to be useful for organizing and categorizing the inputs to and outputs fromchemical systems.Advances in measurement science in the 1950s and 1960s,particularly in analyticalchemistry,created a need for a multivariate approach to data analysis.Early chemometrics emphasizedthe use of structure-finding methods for existing data sets.In many instances,data sets can be obtainedfrom designed experiments.Such data sets are more likely to contain the desired information and the datacan usually be acquired at less cost.Renewed interest in statistical process control will provide many new,more robust data sets in the future.     

The International Rosetta Mission

The European Space Agency (ESA) launched its science programme Horizon 2000 in themid eighties.this programme encompasses four big missions, the cornerstones,in addition tosmaller missions. The four cornerstones are:SOHO/Cluster a solary observatory and in situmeasurements of the Earth magnetosphere,XMM and X-ray observatory,Rosetta a comet ren-dezvous mission,and FIRST a far infrared observatory.SOHO was successfully launched in     

The distribution and relative toxic potential of organic chemicals in a PCB contaminated bay

For reliable monitoring of environmental improvement, the PCB contaminated bay Orserumsviken on Sweden's Baltic coast was investigated prior to remediation. We examined PCB congener patterns and the relative toxic potential of PCBs in extracts of three matrices: bottom sediment, settling particulate matter and the dissolved phase (obtained from semi-permeable membrane devices). Congener patterns were similar in all matrices. Three fractions were isolated from the extracts: (1) aliphatic and monocyclic aromatic compounds (MAC-fraction), (2) dicyclic aromatic compounds (DAC-fraction), including PCBs, and (3) polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC-fraction), including PAHs. Total extracts and fractions were injected into newly fertilised rainbow trout eggs. At larval stage, hepatic EROD activities were quantified. Though high, the PCB contamination could explain only an estimated 1-5% of the total EROD induction. The order of EROD induction potential was: total extract > PAC-fraction > DAC-fraction > MAC-fraction in all matrices, suggesting that in Orserumsviken PACs made a larger contribution to the EROD induction potential than PCBs and other DACs.     

与辐射对流过程有关的热带环流:用全球谱模式所作的数值试验

一、引 言 在热带地区,太阳辐射和云辐射的互相作用过程对于数值天气预报来说是头等重要的。1983年 6月 WCRP的报告指出,目前的数值试验确认:时间平均热带环流的模拟(热带环流的时间平稳模拟)对对流和对流与辐射的相互作用是十分敏感的。这些物理过程的主要作用是通过加强的水分循环使对流加热加强,而水分循环的加强是由热带地区的水汽供应的增加和降水率的增加所造成的。 这篇文章描述了欧洲中期天气预报中心全球谱模式两个旬积分的结果。其目的是为了确定在热带地区的对流加热和降水率对辐射的作用。每一个模式的积分是从1979年 6月 11日格林威治时间12点的初始状态开始的,并且适用于若干天以后发生的印度夏季风迅速加强的时期。     

Velocity and Structural Modeling of Mesozoic Chiltan Limestone and Goru Formation for Hydrocarbon Evaluation in the Bitrisim Area, Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan

The present study focuses on building a workflow for structural interpretation and velocity modeling and implementing to Jurassic-Cretaceous succession (Chiltan Limestone and Massive sand of the Lower Goru Formation). 2D-Migrated seismic sections of the area are used as data set and in order to confirm the presence of hydrocarbons in the study area, P and S-wave seismic velocities are estimated from single-component seismic data. Some specific issues in the use of seismic data for modeling and hydrocarbon evaluation need to deal with including distinguishing the reservoir and cap rocks, and the effects of faults, folds and presence of hydrocarbons on these rocks. This study has carried out the structural interpretation and modeling of the seismic data for the identification of traps. The results demonstrate existence of appropriate structural traps in the form of horst and grabens in the area. 2D and 3D velocity modeling of the horizons indicates the presence of high velocity zones in the eastern half of the study while relatively low velocity zones are encountered in the western half of the area. Two wells were drilled in the study area (i.e. Fateh-01 and Ichhri-01) and both are dry. Immature hydrocarbons migration is considered as a failure reason for Fateh-01 and Ichhri-01 well.     

Distribution and U-Pb Ages of Newly Recognized Regional-Scale Dyke Swarms of the Leo Man Craton

正Over 20 sets of dolerite dykes crosscutting Paleoproterozoic basement in West Africa were distinguished via the interpretation of regional and high resolution magnetic airborne data of West African Craton