乌兹别克斯坦Uchkulach铅锌矿流体包裹体特征及矿床成因分析

Uchkulach大型铅锌矿床位于乌兹别克斯坦南天山造山带北缘,矿体主要顺层产出于中泥盆统至上泥盆统碳酸盐岩地层中。由于赋矿地层下伏酸性火山岩,该矿床是否和岩浆活动有关仍存在争议。本次在对该矿床地质特征研究的基础上,对矿石样品中重晶石和闪锌矿的流体包裹体以及主要矿物的矿物化学进行分析。结果表明,其均一温度为71～153 ℃,峰值为93～133 ℃,冰点温度在-74～-169 ℃之间,盐度为110%～202%,属于低温中盐度流体,暗示其流体来源为盆地卤水或浓缩的海水。对矿石样品中的方铅矿、闪锌矿和重晶石的电子探针分析结果表明,闪锌矿中铁含量较低(＜6%),指示其形成温度较低。由此推测该矿床属于与盆地流体有关的MVT型铅锌矿床,而非前苏联学者认为的与下伏火山岩有关的火山-沉积型铅锌矿床。     

公路隧道V级围岩初支型钢支架受力分布及动态变化研究

随着隧道施工地层条件的复杂化,型钢支架与锚喷网联合支护体系已被广泛应用于围岩较差的隧道初期支护。型钢支架是初支的主要受力结构,其受力分布及其动态变化是支护体系稳定的关键控制因素之一,隧道顶部、拱腰及仰拱连接处型钢支架受力变化能有效地反应围岩压力的变化情况。针对Ⅴ级围岩隧道开挖后复杂的应力状况,采用围岩变形控制理论作为隧道施工的安全控制标准。通过对河北省道京承线滦平过境路棒槌沟隧道初支型钢支架受力的监测与分析,基于大量监测数据对监测断面型钢支架受力分布动态变化状况展开研究。结果表明:(1)隧道偏压现象严重,应根据受力分布规律,及时优化支护参数; (2)隧道掌子面与监测断面距离为0~4m时,型钢支架压力增加显著,是隧道施工中加强支架控制的关键时段; (3)型钢支架连接处及拱脚位置受力较大,设计时应合理调整各段型钢支架的长度及连接位置,确保连接处的刚度。研究结果对指导施工及反馈隧道设计具有重要理论与实际意义,也为类似研究提供参考。     

On the relation between steep monoclinal flexure zones and steep hydraulic gradients

Steep hydraulic gradients are found in association with steep monoclinal flexures. However, the physics of the reduction of the hydraulic conductivity, which is responsible for the steep gradients, has seldom been studied. We present results of hydrological and mechanical modeling aiming to study the effect of such steep hydraulic gradients demonstrated in the Judea Group Aquifer system, Israel. The hydrological configuration of steep dips and anisotropy between flows parallel and perpendicular to the bedding planes was simulated using the FEFLOW code. It exhibited a situation whereby part of the flow is oblique to the bedding planes and therefore some steepening of the hydraulic gradients occurred due to actual conductivity reduction. However, this reduction is not enough to account for the steeper gradients observed. The effect of a deep-seated reverse fault under the monocline on the permeability distribution within the structure was examined by numerical mechanical simulations. It exhibited a compressional stress distribution in the steep part of the monocline, which, due to shortening and closure of joints and voids, is presumably responsible for a significant pressure-induced permeability reduction. This process by itself in a layered structure, including interlayering of thin marl layers, could be responsible for the steep hydraulic gradients in the steep part of the monocline.     

娘子关泉域岩溶水硫酸盐污染的地球化学模拟分析

通过分析娘子关泉域岩溶水的水文地球化学特征, 发现沿流动路径上硫酸根质量浓度逐渐降低, 矿化度逐渐降低, Ca2+, Mg2+与SO₄2-比值逐渐升高等特征.运用水岩作用的地球化学模拟软件模拟得出, 广泛出露分布的中陶统灰岩因含石膏而使地下水在补给—径流区和地下浅部即含有高硫酸根, 沿流动路径上在汇流区—排泄区地下水不断有侧向补给及与深部水的混合, 而表现出硫酸根质量浓度逐渐降低; 同时个别特高硫酸根的井水为石炭—二叠系中水污染中奥陶统含水层造成的.相对而言, 深部下奥陶统含水层的水质较好.      

The Development and Initial Tests of an Atmospheric Model Based on a Vertical Coordinate with a Smooth Transition from Terrain Following to Isentropic Coordinates

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氩-氩定年法国际标准物质BSP-1角闪石的研制

BSP-1角闪石选自中国吉林省桦甸县老牛沟的角闪石岩。~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar分析和均匀性检查表明:此角闪石结晶以后未受过热扰动,~(40)Ar~*保存性好,谱线平坦,K/Ca和Cl/K比值稳定。定值结果显示,在置信概率为0.95时,~(40)Ar~*和K含量的相对偏差均<5‰,是目前最理想的Ar-Ar和K-Ar法国际标准物质,可供全世界Ar-Ar实验室使用80年以上。