新疆哈密市路白山一带片麻状花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其地质意义

新疆哈密市路白山一带出露有片麻状花岗岩,通过对其SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年、主量和微量元素的研究。锆石207Pb/206Pb比值平均加权年龄为(1453±15)Ma,表明岩石形成于中元古代晚期。岩体的主、微量元素研究表明,岩石化学成分具有富MgO、FeOt、CaO,贫碱、低K2O/Na2O比值;稀土配分曲线表现为明显右倾的轻稀土富集型,大离子亲石元素相对洋脊花岗岩明显富集,Nb、Ta相对亏损,具有岛弧I型花岗岩的特征。该花岗岩的时代确定,对于可能存在的南天山元古宙洋关闭的地质事件首次从岩浆作用上提供了重要信息。     

土壤地球化学测量在菲律宾红土型镍矿勘查中的应用

通过在菲律宾迪纳加特岛红土型镍矿勘查区开展土壤地球化学测量工作,发现了一批有价值的地球化学异常。根据红土型镍矿的成矿地质条件与特征,评价了异常区的找矿潜力,圈定了红土型镍矿的找矿靶区,并在靶区的工程查证中取得了较好的找矿效果。工作效果证明,土壤地球化学测量方法对于红土型镍矿的找矿具有高效、快速和低成本的优势。     

过去20年矿床事业发展的概略回顾

文章概略回顾了过去20年在找矿和成矿理论研究方面获得的若干重要成就。指出这一阶段虽在一些国家存在矿业不景气，但找矿进展，特别是金、铜矿床、仍很出色。矿业中国都强调了超大型矿床的重要性。在成矿理论方面，主要就多样复杂的海底成矿，三大巨型成矿域，成矿模式，中酸性岩浆岩及有关成矿作用，层控矿床，同位素、微量元素及气液包裹体运用于成矿等问题的研究历史作了回顾。     

玉树断裂活动性研究

通过实地考察和室内工作，对玉树断裂的活动性进行了分段研究。该断裂划分为３段：（１）西北段全新世以来活动强烈，以水平左旋活动为主，水平滑动速率达７．３ｍｍ／ａ，沿断裂带展布大量的古地震事件遗迹；（２）中段第四纪以来的主体活动时段在晚更新世以前，以正断层活动为主；（３）东南段全新世以来活动强烈，以水平左旋活动为主，水平滑动速率约５ｍｍ／ａ，沿断裂带分布有大量的古地震事件遗迹，历史上记载的最大地震为１８９６年的邓柯７．０级地震     

TEMPERATURE, RAINFALL VARIATIONS AND THEIR ANOMALIES OVER CHINA UNDER THE COLD-WARM BACKGROUND IN THE 20TH CENTURY*

In this study,the climate trend of the annual average air temperature and total annual rainfall in China in the present century has been examined.It is noted that in the Northwest,the Northeast and North China the climate has become notably warmer this century but the rainfall trend has not been evident,mainly negative.In the 1980s China's rainfall and temperature showed noticeable regional features:warm and dry in North China,cold and dry in the Southwest,warm and wet in the Northeast,cold and wet in the middle-lower reaches of the Changjiang River.Besides,the four interdecadal climate change features and ranges of this century have been studied.It is found that on the scale of several decades there was considerably less rainfall in the most part of China in the warm background than in the cold background.The increase of temperature which started from the 1970s mainly happened in the Northwest and Northeast,while to the south of the Huanghe River the temperature increase did not even as great as in 1940s.The corresponding rainfall feature is that most areas experienced much less rainfall except the area to the south of the Huanghe River and over the Changjiang and Huaihe River basin.     

气溶胶粒子对城市夜间边界层温度影响的模式研究

用一维非定常模式模拟大气气溶胶粒子对城市夜间边界层大气温度场的影响。结果表明：气溶胶粒子对近地层大气地增温作用，对１５０ｍ以上大气起降温作用，并削弱近地逆温层的强度。     

超大型矿床的探寻与研究的若干进展

本文主要讨论最近两年国内外探寻与研究超大型矿床所取得的若干进展。内容涉及：超大型矿床与类似名词定义、典型剖析、超大型矿床分类、矿化类型、全球背景研究等问题。在简要介绍国内外超大型矿床研究现状后，文中提出，结合我国矿产地质实际，宜以１９８７年国家储量委员会规定之大型矿床５倍储量为超大型矿床下限。超大型矿床可暂分三类：第一类之同类型大、中、小型矿分布甚广；第二类则反之，同类型矿床极罕见；第三类为过渡类型。笔者指出，不少有色金属在超大型矿床的矿化类型上有强烈选择性，即某一矿种虽可存在多种矿化类型，但一般仅一、二种类型可形成超大型矿床。提出这一点对寻找超大型矿床十分重要。文中举出若干实例，论证对某些超大型矿床进行全球背景研究之必要及超大型矿床研究可提高成矿理论水平。     

陕西南部安康地区地质背景与成矿特征的讨论

本文在讨论安康地区区域地质背景的基础上,对铀、钒、钡和金矿的成矿特征提出了认识。成矿物质来源主要来自碳硅质岩和基底火山岩,并经热液—构造强烈改造,多在风化带富集成矿。晚期脉岩和含碳岩系可作为找矿标志。本文还讨论了铀矿与钒、钡等元素之间的关系。     

我国风能资源的初步研究

本文用平均风速和平均最大风速确定风速韦伯分布参数k、c,并根据k、c计算了全国165个测站的理论风能的各种特征量,分析了风能特征量的分布规律,指出:我国风能资源以内蒙地区,渤海湾沿岸、东南沿海、东北平原、青藏高原等地为最丰富,四川盆地、塔里木盆地为最小;风能资源随高度升高先是迅速增加,而后逐渐减慢。     

Methyltins in the marine environment

Methyltins were occasionally observed in some natural waters. The nature of a marine sediment determines its organotin burdens. Mono- and dimethyltin compounds were found in polluted marine sediments whereas non-polluted, oxiccoastal sediments contained primarily trimethyltin. The net methylation rate is evidently independent of the inorganic tin content of a sediment. Methyltin in fish is about 3–6% of the total tin content while limpets contain significant amounts of organotin compounds, ranging between 35 and 75% of the total tin. No trimethyltin was detected in green macro-algae and seawater, although limpets, fish and sediments have measurable levels.