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排序方式: 共有191条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Ikawa Hiroki Kuwagata Tsuneo Haginoya Shigenori Ishigooka Yasushi Ono Keisuke Maruyama Atsushi Sakai Hidemitsu Fukuoka Minehiko Yoshimoto Mayumi Ishida Sachinobu Chen Charles P. Hasegawa Toshihiro Watanabe Tsutomu 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2021,179(3):447-476
Boundary-Layer Meteorology - Known as the heat-mitigation effect, irrigated rice-paddy fields distribute a large fraction of their received energy to the latent heat during the growing season. The... 相似文献
92.
Yuji Watanabe Atsushi Yamaguchi Hiroshi Ishida Takashi Harimoto Shinya Suzuki Yoshio Sekido Tsutomu Ikeda Yoshihisa Shirayama Masayuki Mac Takahashi Takashi Ohsumi Joji Ishizaka 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(2):185-196
The first CO2 exposure experiments on several species of pelagic copepods inhabiting surface and deep layers in the western North Pacific
were conducted. Living organisms were collected from two layers between the surface and 1,500 m between latitudes of 11 and
44°N, and they were exposed aboard ship to various pCO2 up to about 98,000 μatm. Mortality of copepods from both shallow and deep layers in subarctic to subtropical regions increased with increasing
pCO2 and exposure time. Deep-living copepods showed higher tolerance to pCO2 than shallow-living copepods. Furthermore, deep-living copepods from subarctic and transitional regions had higher tolerances
than the subtropical copepods. The higher tolerances of the deep-living copepods from subarctic and transitional regions may
be due to the adaptation to the natural pCO2 conditions in the subarctic ocean. 相似文献
93.
Atsushi Yamaguchi Yuji Watanabe Hiroshi Ishida Takashi Harimoto Kazushi Furusawa Shinya Suzuki Joji Ishizaka Tsutomu Ikeda Masayuki Mac Takahashi 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(4):773-787
As part of the research program WEST-COSMIC Phase I (1997–2001), vertical profiles down to the greater depths (0–2000 m or
5800 m) of the plankton community structure composed of heterotrophic bacteria, phytoplankton, protozooplankton and metazooplankton
were studied at one station in each subarctic (44°N) and in transitional region (39°N), and two stations in subtropical region
(30°N and 25°N); all in 137–155°E in the western North Pacific Ocean. The biomass of all four taxonomic groups decreased rapidly
with increasing depths at all stations, although the magnitude of depth-related decrease differed among the groups. As plankton
community structure, metazooplankton biomass and bacterial biomass occupied >50% of the total in 0–2000 and 2000–4000 or 5000
m strata, respectively, at subarctic and transitional stations, while bacterial biomass contributed to >50% of the total consistently
from 0 through 4800 or 5800 m at subtropical stations. Metazooplankton biomass integrated over the greater depths exhibited
a clear latitudinal pattern (high north and low south), but this was not the case for those of the other taxonomic groups.
As a component of metazooplankton, an appreciable contribution of diapausing copepods to the metazooplankton was noted at
subarctic and transitional stations, but they were few or nil at subtropical stations. As protozooplankton assemblages, heterotrophic
microflagellates (HMF) and dinoflagellates were two major components at subarctic and transitional stations, but were only
HMF predominated at subtropical stations. From biomass ratios between heterotrophic bacteria, HMF and dinoflagellates, “sinking
POC-DOC-heterotrophic bacteria-HMF-heterotrophic dinoflagellates” link was proposed as a microbial food chain operative in
the deep layer of the western North Pacific. All results are discussed in the light of latitudinal differences in the structure
and functioning of plankton community contributing to the ‘biological pump’ in the western North Pacific Ocean.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
94.
Tsutomu Ikeda 《Journal of Oceanography》1978,34(4):173-180
This paper reviews the author's research on metabolic activities of marine zooplankton for which the Okada Prize of the Oceanographical Society of Japan was awarded in 1978. The term metabolic activities used here refers to various physiological rate processes of zooplankton, such as respiration, excretion, feeding and growth.On the basis of experimental data obtained by the author and other workers, it is emphasized that all these rates are power functions of the body weight of zooplankton. In other words, the weight specific rates (rates per unit body weight) increase with a decrease in body weight. The habitat temperature of zooplankton can also affect the level of these rates.The relationship between these rates and body weight established experimentally can be applied to the estimation of the total rates of a zooplankton community in the field, by knowing the size distribution of individual zooplankters. The feasibility of this method was tested with the zooplankton community in the Kuroshio region.Finally, the potential importance of microzooplankton in total zooplankton respiration was suggested, based on respiration rate data recently obtained in the author's laboratory. 相似文献
95.
Sea surface temperature (SST) variation around the Nansei Shoto (Okinawa Islands), Japan from March 1998 to February 1999
is investigated using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) images. Root mean squared (RMS)
error of SST by TMI from the in situ observed SST is 0.9°C. The results of statistical analysis of SST by TMI show that a
14–16 days period variation dominates around the main Okinawa Island, while a 9–11 days period variation dominates along the
shelf edge of the East China Sea.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
96.
97.
This study combined bacterial incubation and hydrogeochemical methods to investigate denitrification in the surface water, top soil (0–20 cm), and shallow groundwater of the Ochi wetland in Japan. Surface water was rich in nitrate (40 mg/l) and denitrifying bacteria (700 per ml). Three functional zones in the wetland were identified in the top soil and shallow groundwater. In the upstream portion of the wetland (Zone I), the counts of denitrifying bacteria in top soil increased from 5200 to 14 970 per ml and nitrate decreased from 25·4 to 1·8 mg/l. Organic carbon concentrations decreased as sulfate increased from 4·0 to 9·6 mg/l in this zone. In the middle‐stream of the wetland (Zone II), all concentrations of major anions, iron, organic carbon, and total nitrogen content in top soil were relatively constant, but the counts of denitrifying bacteria increased up to 70 200 per ml. In the downstream portion of the wetland (Zone III), complete removal of nitrate resulted in sharp reduction of counts of denitrifying bacteria. Correspondingly, dissolved oxygen (DO), organic carbon, and total nitrogen increased in this zone. Counts of denitrifying bacteria were lower in shallow groundwater than in top soil; nitrate concentrations in shallow groundwater were also very low in this zone. DO and the oxidation/reduction potential data suggest that groundwater flows to the surface along an extended flow path, thus providing nitrate for the denitrifying community. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
98.
Masao Ohno Hirochika Sumino Pedro A. Hernandez Tsutomu Sato Keisuke Nagao 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2011,199(1-2):118-126
The relation of magma and crustal activity has been studied from spatial distribution of 3He/4He ratios of gas and/or water samples over the Izu Peninsula, where significant crustal deformation associated with seismic swarm activities has been observed since 1970s. The air-corrected values of 3He/4He ratios ranged from 3.5 to 8.2 RA, where RA is the atmospheric 3He/4He ratio = 1.4 × 10? 6, indicating that helium is mostly of magmatic origin. Among the three pressure sources proposed to explain the crustal deformation, two inflation sources beneath the inland of northeast and the mid east coast of the Izu Peninsula locate in the broad distribution of high 3He/4He ratios, which supports relation of magma to the crustal uplift. In contrast, the distribution of 3He/4He ratios around the tensile fault assumed in the area of seismic swarms appears not to indicate existence of significant amount of magma below the tensile fault. Alternatively, the results suggest magma below a point several kilometers south of the tensile fault. The seismic swarms are explained either by fluid pressurization of thermal water heated by this magma or by intrusion of magma to the tensile fault moved obliquely from the deep magma reservoir. 相似文献
99.
A preliminary analysis of the formation of travertine and travertine cones in the Jifei hot spring,Yunnan, China 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Yaping Liu Xun Zhou Bin Fang Haiyan Zhou Tsutomu Yamanaka 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(7):1887-1896
The Jifei hot spring emerges in the form of a spring group in the Tibet–Yunnan geothermal zone, southwest of Yunnan Province, China. The temperatures of spring waters range from 35 to 81°C and are mainly of HCO3–Na·Ca type. The total discharge of the hot spring is about 10 L/s. The spring is characterized by its huge travertine terrace with an area of about 4,000 m2 and as many as 18 travertine cones of different sizes. The tallest travertine cone is as high as 7.1 m. The travertine formation and evolution can be divided into three periods: travertine terrace deposition period, travertine cone formation period and death period. The hydrochemical characteristics of the Jifei hot spring was analyzed and compared with a local non-travertine hot spring and six other famous travertine springs. The results indicate that the necessary hydrochemical conditions of travertine and travertine cones deposition in the Jifei area are (1) high concentration of HCO3 − and CO2; (2) about 52.9% deep source CO2 with significantly high value; (3) very high milliequivalent percentage of HCO3 − (97.4%) with not very high milliequivalent percentage of Ca2+ (24.4%); and (4) a large saturation index of calcite and aragonite of the hot water. 相似文献
100.
The moment magnitude (M w) 9.0 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake occurred on March 11, 2011, generating an unusually large tsunami. The seismic shocks and tsunami inundation severely damaged the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Radionuclide emission due to reactor breakdown contaminated wide areas of Fukushima and its surroundings. Heavy rainfall causes runoff across surface soil, and fine soil particles are susceptible to uptake by the flowing water. The high radioactivity of grains suspended in floodwater indicates that radioactive fallout was streamed into rivers in particulate form and transported downstream under high-flow conditions. Here, we investigated the diachronic mode of 134Cs and 137Cs in central Fukushima, through which the contaminated air mass drifted and caused wet deposition of radionuclides. Stratigraphic measurements of radioactivity in sediment cores is the method employed in this study to determine the basin-wide movement of 134Cs and 137Cs, to evaluate the significance of the erosion–transportation–accumulation processes on natural decontamination in terrain characterized by steep slopes and high precipitation. Stratigraphic results illustrate the process of fluvial sediment discharge, and the massive deposition of radiocaesium suggests basin-wide movement of fallout during concentrated rainfall. Grain suspension in torrential currents is an important pathway for transportation of radionuclides from land to sea, and the appearance of hotspots on floodplains and the offshore sea floor is the consequence of erosion and transportation under seasonal heavy precipitation. Radioactive horizons occur in offshore sediment columns and thus radiocaesium discharged from the estuary will persist forever under the sea floor if no artificial disturbance occurs. 相似文献