Application of GIS for the determination of hazard hotspots after direct transportation linkages between Taiwan and China

A robust and reliable risk assessment procedure for the determination of transportation hazards between Taiwan and China needs to be developed. These hazards, which are related to mixed types of transport, including both air and maritime routes, play an important role in public security, and their effects need to be taken into consideration. After the implementation of direct cross-strait transportation, it has become necessary to master the spatial characteristics and distributions of maritime space policing cases and to plan effective control strategies in order to maintain public security. This study employs the Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to analyze the spatial locations of maritime cases that arose in the Taichung Harbor area from 2000 to 2010. The characteristics related to the spatial characteristics are surveyed, estimates are made utilizing the gathering and scattering model, hotspots are explored, and planned patrol and monitoring points drafted to provide assignment information for coastal patrol institutions.     

中国马尾藻属的研究 Ⅳ.具腺系的两个新种

对于中国马尾藻属，真马尾藻亚属滑托组Malacocarpicae（J.Ag．）Abbott，TsengetLu．总状托序亚组suhectionRacemosae,具腺系SeriesGlandulariae的种类进行了系统的研究。结果表明，中国共有具腺系3个种，除棒托马尾藻前人已经报道外，本文建立了两个新种，它们是：1．线形马尾藻，模式标本于1955年5月7日来自广东省硇洲岛，模式标本号为AST55－2259；2．钦州马尾藻，模式标本于1955年5月7日采自广西钦州湾龙门镇，模式标本号为AST55－1987。两者的模式标本均保存于中国科学院海洋研究所藻类标本室。     

中国马尾藻属的研究Ⅷ.扁托系的四个新种

对中国真马尾藻亚属SubgenusSargassum刺托组SectionAcanthocarPICAE团伞托序亚组SubsectionClmerulatae扁托系SeriesPlatycarpae的种类研究过程中，发现该系新种4个，它们是永兴马尾藻SargassumyongxingenseTsengetLusp．nov．．模式标本于1958年3月8日由郑树栋采自西沙群岛永兴岛，模式标本号AST58－4012；三亚马尾藻SarsassumsanyaenseTsengetLusp．nov，模式标本于1976年4月15日由曾呈奎、周显铜采自海南岛三亚市大东海，模式标本号AST76－1972；大洲马尾藻SargassumdazhouenseTsengetLuspnov，模式标本于1957年6月间日由郑树栋、夏恩湛采自海南岛三亚市大洲岛，模式标本号AST57－5615；巨囊马尾藻SargassummegalocystumTsengetLusp．nov，模式标本于1957年6月12日由郑树栋、夏恩湛采自海南岛三亚市大洲岛，模式标本号AST57－5616。4种模式标本存于中国科学院海洋研究所植物标本室。     

Sea level variations in the regional seas around Taiwan

The patterns and trends of sea level rise in the regional seas around Taiwan have been investigated through the analyses of long-term tide-gauge and satellite altimetry data. Series of tide-gauge data extending over 50 years reveal decadal and interannual variations and spatially-inhomogeneous patterns of generally rising sea level. The East Asia tide-gauge stations around Taiwan show an average trend of +2.4 mm/yr from 1961–2003, which is larger than the reported global rate of +1.8 mm/yr for the same period. These stations also show significantly larger sea level rise rates (+5.7 mm/yr) than global values (+3.1 mm/yr) during the period from 1993–2003. Consistent with the coastal tide-gauge records, satellite altimetry data show similar increasing rates (+5.3 mm/yr) around Taiwan during the same period. Comparisons with temperature anomalies in the upper ocean suggest that thermal expansion and heat advection in the upper layer contribute significantly to the long-term sea level variations in this area with correlations >0.9 for observations after 1992. Thermosteric sea level variations may also explain the interannual and decadal variations of the observed sea level rises around Taiwan. Our analysis also indicates that the altimetry data are only part of a long-term, larger-scale signal. Finally, we have found that a non-linear smoother, LOESS, is more suitable for extracting long-term trends in sea level than the traditional linear regression approach.     

Estimating the economic impacts of climate change on infectious diseases: a case study on dengue fever in Taiwan

Researchers of climate change have suggested that climate change and variability has a significant influence on the epidemiology of infectious diseases, particularly vector-borne diseases. The purpose of this study is to explore how climate conditions and the dengue fever epidemic in Taiwan are related and to estimate the economic impact of climate change on infectious diseases. To achieve these objectives, two different methods, one involving the Panel data model and the other the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), are applied in this study. At first, we use the Panel data model to assess the relationship between climate conditions and the number of people infected by dengue fever during the period from January 2000 to February 2006 in 308 cities and townships in the Taiwan. The results of the empirical estimation indicate that climate conditions have an increasingly significant impact on the probability of people being infected by dengue fever. The probability of being infected by dengue fever due to climate change is then calculated and is found to range from 12% to 43% to 87% which represent low, mid, and high probabilities of infection caused by climate change when the temperature is increased by 1.8°C. The respondent’s willingness to pay (WTP) is also investigated in the survey using the single-bounded dichotomous choice (SBDC) approach, and the results show that people would pay NT$724, NT$3,223 and NT$5,114 per year in order to avoid the increased probabilities of 12%, 43%, and 87%, respectively, of their being infected with dengue fever.     

Seismic response of long multiple-span highway bridges

Non-linear seismic responses are described for three prototype, long, multiple-span, reinforced concrete, modern highway bridge structures, namely the 5/14 South Connector Overcrossing and the curved Figueroa Street Under-crossing as designed by the California Department of Transportation, and a straight version of the Figueroa Street Undercrossing. The analytical seismic responses are discussed and are correlated with the apparent prototype behaviour experienced during the San Fernando, California, earthquake of 9 February 1971. In particular, the causes of collapse of the 5/14 South Connector Overcrossing are identified and examined. Finally, based on parameter studies of the seismic responses of these structures, general conclusions and recommendations related to seismic design methodology are presented.     

红藻真江篱质粒的发现

于1992年4月一1993年4月，用液氮研磨-苯酚／氯仿抽提-异丙醇沉淀的方法提取青岛沿海产紫菜、真江蓠、龙须菜、海膜4种红藻的总DNA；利用Hoechst－CsCl密度梯度起离心法将叶绿体DNA与核DNA分开。对抽取的叶绿体DNA梯度组分电泳结果表明，真江蓠样品出现质粒的电泳条带。以透射电镜观察到闭会环状DNA图像（周长平均值为4.3×10－7m，约为1．3kb）；分子杂交结果显示，真江蓠质位与其叶绿体DNA之间没有同源性，而与核DNA之间有一定同源性。     

带形蜈蚣藻多糖和可溶性蛋白含量测定及藻红蛋白分析鉴定

用沸水浴的方法提取了带形蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia turuturuYamada)中的多糖成分,并用“苯酚-硫酸法”测定了其含量。用此法得到的多糖标准曲线,相关系数r=0.998 4,结果显示带形蜈蚣藻多糖质量分数为44.91%;利用Bradford法,测得60℃恒温干燥的带形蜈蚣藻可溶性总蛋白质量分数为0.33%;用简单的羟基磷灰石柱层析的方法分离了藻红蛋白,光谱检测证明为R-藻红蛋白,其在带形蜈蚣藻中的质量分数为0.114 5%。本实验测定方法可靠且简便易行。     

Resonance Induced by Edge Waves in Hua-Lien Harbor

This article first reviews previous numerical studies on the resonance problem of Hua-Lien Harbor. All the research leads to the conclusion that resonance can be stimulated by 2-D infragravity waves. However, a literature survey suggests that outside the harbor these plane infragravity waves are too small to excite violent water-body movement inside. On the other hand, 3-D infragravity waves trapped along the coastline, also known as edge waves, are more likely to exist outside the harbor and their effect needs to be thoroughly discussed. Based on previous measurements, the response of Hua-Lien Harbor is best simulated using edge waves of 160 and 140 second periods and their resonance mechanisms are analyzed. The former case has a longitudinal resonant mode and hence the amplitude in the inner harbor is large. The latter case has a transverse mode in the outer basin and hence only berths in the outer basin are influenced. These features are both consistent with field measurement. Therefore, it is very likely that edge waves are responsible for the resonance of Hua-Lien Harbor. Finally, based on observation after the construction of the present offshore breakwaters, a theory is proposed to explain the trapping of incident edge waves, and a measure to further reduce the resonance is discussed.