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251.
252.
Tony McMichael 《Global Change & Human Health》2001,2(1):76-77
We have been living through several decades of great and rapid changes in the human condition. Life expectancies increased
markedly during the twentieth century; populations are becoming 'older'; disease profiles are changing. The world is connecting
up economically and electronically, market forces have become increasingly dominant, the post-Cold War political landscape
has been transformed, cities are expanding rapidly, and material wealth is accruing — albeit unevenly. Meanwhile, however,
a range of large-scale environmental changes is occurring, of which the most apparent is global climate change. This reflects
a more fundamental process: the biosphere and its life-support systems are straining under the weight of human numbers, intensified
food production, escalating carbon-based energy use and the spread of mass consumption behaviours.
This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
253.
Tony Waltham 《Geology Today》2010,26(4):152-158
Gigantic floods that, for just a few days, had flow rates many times greater than the combined flows of all the other rivers of the world put together. Sounds ridiculous, and it's almost inconceivable, but it's real, and it all happened at the end of the last Ice Age. The water came from Lake Missoula, which exists no more, but the effects are still to be seen in the landscapes, most notably in the vast scablands of eastern Washington. 相似文献
254.
Univariate indicators such as employment are often used to benchmark economic growth at the local and regional levels. However, the tremendous technological and industrial changes in the U.S. economy in the second half of the twentieth century suggest this practice may be outdated. In fact, the singular use of univariate indicators to benchmark regional development may obscure a much richer and more complex web of economic processes. Given the potential complexities associated with regional benchmarking in the current global economy, this paper will explore the numerical differences in economic performance presented by popular univariate indicators of regional growth. Results demonstrate a univariate approach to benchmarking presents an incomplete snapshot of regional performance that is incapable of capturing the multifaceted nature of economic growth in today’s global knowledge economy. Although job creation remains an important component to development efforts, many other factors should be considered in evaluations of regional performance, including the industries in which jobs are created and their associated wages. 相似文献
255.
Spatial cluster detection techniques are widely used in criminology, geography, epidemiology, and other fields. In particular,
spatial scan statistics are popular and efficient techniques for detecting areas of elevated crime or disease events. The
majority of spatial scan approaches attempt to delineate geographic zones by evaluating the significance of clusters using
likelihood ratio statistics tested with the Poisson distribution. While this can be effective, many scan statistics give preference
to circular clusters, diminishing their ability to identify elongated and/or irregular shaped clusters. Although adjusting
the shape of the scan window can mitigate some of these problems, both the significance of irregular clusters and their spatial
structure must be accounted for in a meaningful way. This paper utilizes a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm to find clusters
with maximum significance while quantitatively tracking their geographic structure. Crime data for the city of Cincinnati
are utilized to demonstrate the advantages of the new approach and highlight its benefits versus more traditional scan statistics. 相似文献
256.
257.
Tony Waltham 《Geology Today》2002,18(3):95-100
When water supplies are abstracted from alluvial sands, interbedded clays compact and cause ground subsidence. Entire cities are being gently lowered, with serious consequences for those on low coastal sites. 相似文献
258.
IGS Near Real-Time Products and Their Applications 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
The primary IGS products, including precise GPS orbits, Earth orientation parameters, and estimated and predicted GPS satellite
clocks, are no longer used exclusively for essential geodetic support of scientic research. They are increasingly being used
by a wide range of non-academic applications. In these applications, timeliness is extremely critical. To address the timeliness
issue, the strengths and weaknesses of current IGS production processes are discussed, new ways to improve the timeliness
and quality are explored, and recommendations are proposed to fulfill the application requirements. ? 2001 John Wiley & Sons,
Inc. 相似文献