滇西丽江地区新生代富碱斑岩锆石微量元素特征

正滇西丽江地区位于羌塘—三江造山带与扬子陆块西南缘结合部位,金沙江—红河新生代富碱斑岩带中部,长期以来,备受地学界关注。近年来,发表了诸多有关该区新生代富碱斑岩的研究成果。毛晓长等(2012)认为该区桃花村二长花岗斑岩的形成与欧亚大陆碰撞后期陆内走滑拉分等作用引发的壳幔作用密切相关;黄永高等(2018)对该区     

郯庐断裂带南段张八岭群地层时代的重新厘定

扬子板块东北缘的浅变质岩被认为是三叠纪大陆俯冲过程中从扬子板块剥离而来的,其原岩主要为新元古代中期岩浆岩和沉积岩,是理解扬子板块东北缘新元古代构造演化的重要对象。郯庐断裂带张八岭隆起北段夹持于大别造山带和苏鲁造山带之间,出露一套绿片岩相—低角闪岩变火山—沉积序列,即由西冷组变火山岩和北将军组变碎屑岩组成的张八岭群。然而,西冷组与北将军组之间的关系和张八岭群的形成时代都尚存在争议。为此,本文对张八岭群开展了详细的野外地质调查和MC-LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年工作。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,西冷组顶部石英角斑岩的原岩时代为723±7 Ma;北将军组底部变粉砂岩的碎屑锆石年龄变化于916～614 Ma之间,与西冷组、肥东杂岩内新元古代岩浆活动时间相一致,暗示它们的物质主要由西冷组和肥东杂岩提供,其中,最年轻碎屑锆石谐和年龄（677±12 Ma）限定了北将军组沉积时代下限。结合野外地质特征和前人张八岭群上覆震旦系盖层沉积初始时间（635 Ma）,本文认为北将军组的沉积时限为677～635 Ma,是覆盖于西冷组之上的中新元古代晚期沉积地层。对比研究显示,张八岭群可能是扬子东北缘新元古代中期裂谷火山—沉积岩系的重要组成部分。     

中国重要金属矿产资源现状、供需、进出口数据集

金属矿产是经济社会发展的物质基础。本数据集采集了16种对国民经济发展有重要影响的大宗紧缺矿产（铁、锰、铜、铝、金、铅、锌、镍、铬）、优势矿产（钨、钼、锡、锑）及战略新兴矿产（锂、钴、钛）2006—2017年的世界及中国资源储量、原矿产量、消费量、贸易量及贸易金额等数据。数据集为Excel表格型数据,包含6个sheet表（世界资源量、中国查明资源储量、中国基础储量、中国原矿产量、中国原矿消费量、中国进出口量）,旨在分析研究我国在工业化进程中后期阶段所需重要金属矿产的资源现状和供需趋势。数据集显示：①我国大宗紧缺矿产如铁、锰、铜、金等查明资源储量虽稳步增长,但开采消耗量大,使得基础储量增速缓慢;未来需求总量仍将维持高位,国内保障程度不足,进口量持续攀升。优势矿产资源钨、锑储采比低,后备资源接替不足,优势程度下降;②战略新兴矿产锂、钴、钛资源量、基础储量增长缓慢或呈下降态势,国内资源品质较差,难利用资源多;产量、消费量近十年快速增长,且未来将持续高增长,国内资源储量增长缓慢,供需矛盾凸显。该数据集对已有金属矿产供需数据的收集和总结,为今后金属矿产勘查及战略部署提供参考。     

砂土微观结构样品制备技术及量化方法研究

土体的微观结构是决定其工程特性的重要内在因素,但对于砂土而言,如何制备适合微观分析的样品以及快速准确量化结构参数一直面临诸多挑战。为此,提出一种真空冷冻干燥?注胶相结合的砂土样品制备技术,该技术可在有效去除土样水分的同时保持样品原状结构不被扰动,并可用于后续加工处理。针对不同粒度的砂土样品,分别使用扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜对制备的试样进行观察,基于自主研发的土体微观结构定量分析系统SMAS对拍摄的照片进行精细量化分析,提出了由土颗粒数量、颗粒周长、表观孔隙率、形状系数、等效直径、分形维数和形态比等参数构成的量度指标体系对砂土样品微观结构特征进行定量评价。研究结果表明：提出的真空冷冻干燥?注胶相结合的砂土样品制备技术具有操作简单、稳定可靠等特点,能有效维持砂土的原状结构;比较而言,扫描电镜更适用于粉细砂的微观结构分析,而光学显微镜更适用于中粗砂的微观结构分析;SMAS能有效识别微观结构图像中的土颗粒及孔隙,为定量分析砂土或其他土体的微观结构特征提供了高效的工具。     

Rock Mass Characteristics in Beishan, A Preselected Area for China’s High-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal

Geological and hydrological characteristics, joint geometric features, rock physical and mechanical properties and rock mass quality are studied in the Beishan area, preselected for China’s high-level radioactive waste (HLW) disposal engineering. A comprehensive survey method is developed to study joint geometric features in the outcrop and samples from borehole BS06 into the Xinchang rock mass were tested. The optimal joint sets are determined by rose diagrams and equal-area lower hemisphere plots of joint poles. Results show that: 1) the distribution of joint occurrence obeys a normal distribution, while the distribution of joint spacing obeys a negative exponential distribution; 2) concentric circular and tangent circular sampling windows are applied to study the trace length and the trace midpoint density. Results indicate that tangent circular sampling window is more stable and reasonable; 3) Beishan granite shows high density, low porosity and high strength based on many laboratory tests and the physical properties and mechanical properties are closely related; and 4) a synthesis index, Joint Structure Rating (JSR), is applied to evaluate the quality of rock mass. Through the research results of rock mass characteristics, the Xinchang rock mass in the Beishan preselected area has the favorable conditions for China’s HLW disposal repository site.     

基于AHP的地质遗迹旅游资源评价:以汉中天坑群为例

汉中天坑群是在中国32°~33°N湿润热带—亚热带岩溶地貌区北界首次发现的岩溶地质遗迹。为了科学地评价汉中天坑群地质遗迹旅游资源,为下一步旅游规划与开发提供科学依据,本文从生态旅游资源条件、生态环境条件、生态旅游开发条件等3个方面选取资源景观价值、资源科学与文化价值、生态环境质量、环境安全条件、区位与交通条件和社会经济条件等作为主要评价指标,建立多层层次结构模型,运用层次分析法对其进行地质遗迹旅游资源综合评价,得出汉中天坑群地质遗迹旅游资源综合评价得分为90.67分。本文研究表明,汉中天坑群具有五级生态旅游资源的禀赋,具有较高的开发利用价值。      

临夏黄土记录的26万年来季风快速变化

黄土高原西部高分辨率黄土序列开展的多代用指标研究,有助于揭示轨道-亚轨道尺度上东亚冬、夏季风的变化特征及动力机制。但针对同一地质记录提取冬、夏季风多代用指标进行对比和敏感性分析的工作尚不多见,因此制约了对季风快速变化特征和机理的理解。本文利用甘肃临夏85 m黄土岩芯开展高分辨率的粒度、磁化率和元素扫描分析,发现在轨道尺度上粒度和Zr/Rb比值显示的大幅冰期-间冰期波动与深海氧同位素记录有很好的对应关系,表明东亚冬季风的波动响应于北半球高纬冰量的变化。但在千年尺度上,粒度能更敏感地响应冬季风的快速变化;Rb/Sr比值和磁化率均能很好记录轨道尺度上的东亚夏季风波动,但在亚轨道尺度上Rb/Sr的敏感性明显高于磁化率。粒度、Zr/Rb和Rb/Sr所指示的东亚季风快速变化表现出较强的岁差信号,与石笋和北纬65°夏季太阳辐射有较好的对应关系,表明东亚季风变化也受到岁差直接驱动的夏季太阳辐射变的控制。在最后两个冰期-间冰期旋回中(即末期冰期旋回和倒数第二次冰期旋回)Rb/Sr及Zr/Rb比值和粒度记录分别可以辨别出与石笋相同数量级的变暖事件,但粒度记录的暖事件明显要多于Rb/Sr及Zr/Rb比值,且这些暖事件并不能一一对应。粒度及元素比值记录显著变冷的千年尺度的Heinrich(H)事件与石笋记录的夏季风明显减弱的事件有很好的对应关系,但其发生频率明显高于海洋记录。这些指标记录的千年尺度上波动信号的不一致性主要归因指标对不同气候要素敏感性的差异。未来需要进一步开展高分辨率多代用指标敏感性分析,选取对季风快速变化的敏感指标,有助于我们理解季风快速变化的特征(如周期和幅度等)和分析季风快速变化的时空差异性。     

Dynamic Relationship Between Entrainment Rate and Summer Monsoon in the Transition Area of Monsoon in the East of Northwest China

Entrainment rate refers to the ratio of surrounding air quality to air quality involved in rising unit distance, including turbulent entrainment and dynamic entrainment, which are applied to the boundary layer parametrization of convective clouds, the improvement of numerical model, the observation of cloud droplet spectral dispersion and the study of tropical cyclones.Based on the daily data at 07:00 and 19:00 every 10 m of five stations such as Minqin, Yuchong, Pingliang, Yinchuan and Yan'an from May to September during 2006-2016, combined with the daily observation data on the ground, the Entrainment Rates(ER) of different heights were calculated, and the relationships between ER and height in different regions, precipitation as well as monsoon during the monsoon period were further obtained. The main results were as follows:\mathrm{①} The ER was proportional to air temperature and saturated water vapor pressure, but inversely proportional to relative humidity. The relative humidity threshold of cloud was 65%. The higher the relative humidity threshold was, the lower the cloud height of different orders of precipitation was, and the cloud height was higher with the increase of rainfall. \mathrm{②}ER had obvious diurnal changes and regional differences: It was obviously smaller at 07:00 than at 19:00 from ground to 3 km, which weakened with the increase of height in the near surface , but strengthened with the increase of height above 500 m; From small to large, the monsoon affected area, the monsoon swing area and the non-monsoon area were in turn, and there was no regional difference above 3 km. \mathrm{③} ER was closely related to the intensity and property of precipitation in monsoon period. The ER weakened with the enhancement of rain intensity from near ground to below 600 m, but strengthened with the enhancement of rain intensity from 500 m to 2~3 km.From near ground to below 700 m, the ER of stable precipitation was strong, but that of convective precipitation was strong above 700 m. The convective precipitation had big saturated water vapor pressure and strong ER , while the stable precipitation had big saturated water vapor density, rich water vapor but weak ER. \mathrm{④}The relationship between ER and monsoon as well as its duration: From no monsoon to monsoon ER was weakened, the strongest maximum height was also decreasing. There was no significant difference in the duration of ER between the non-monsoon area and the monsoon affected area, but the longer the monsoon swing area lasted in the near ground layer, the smaller the ER was, while the opposite was at 1~2 km in the high altitude. \mathrm{⑤}The relationship between ER and the APO monsoon intensity index showed that: At 07:00, the ER strengthened with height from near ground to below 800 m, but weakened with height above 800 m,and the monsoon intensity was not related to the ER. At 19:00, the ER strengthened with the height near ground but weakened with the height above 300 m, and the stronger the monsoon was, the smaller the ER was. The ER weakened with the decrease of boundary layer height.     

临南油田夏32断块沙二段下部储层特征及其主控因素

通过岩芯和薄片观察,结合测井资料,对临南油田夏32断块沙二段下部储层发育特征及其主控因素进行了研究。结果表明：该区储层的岩石类型主要为岩屑质长石砂岩和长石质岩屑砂岩,颗粒分选中等,磨圆较差,成分成熟度及结构成熟度中等;储层物性表现为中低孔特低—低渗的特征,且孔隙度和渗透率相关性较好;孔隙类型包括原生粒间孔、粒内溶孔、粒间溶孔和铸模孔。综合储层特征的研究结果认为：夏32断块沙二段下部储层主要受基准面旋回、沉积、成岩以及构造作用的影响;三角洲平原的分支河道砂体物性最好,其次是三角洲前缘的水下分支河道,其他沉积微相储层物性较差;压实作用和胶结作用破坏储层物性,溶蚀作用则可改善储层物性;此外,构造作用所产生的裂隙也有利于改善储层物性,对储层物性起到了积极的建设作用。     

豆荚状铬铁矿床成矿地球化学指标对比和成矿作用讨论

豆荚状铬铁矿主要赋存于地幔橄榄岩中,与方辉橄榄岩密切相关。在全球的分布与蛇绿岩带分布基本一致,但并非所有蛇绿岩体都赋存有铬铁矿,且其中赋存的铬铁矿体规模和分布都是很不规律的。我们对比研究了国内外9个含铬矿和4个不含铬矿蛇绿岩中地幔橄榄岩的地球化学组成,认为含铬矿地幔橄榄岩具有全岩低含量的CaO(<1.91%)和Al_2O_3(<1.76%)、方辉橄榄岩轻稀土元素富集,橄榄石高Fo值(>90),斜方辉石低Al_2O_3含量(<3.8%)以及副矿物铬尖晶石高Cr/Fe值(>1.5)等特征,可以作为该蛇绿岩体含矿评价的地球化学指标。通过这些指标可知豆荚状铬铁矿床是较高程度部分熔融和地幔交代作用的共同结果,结合前人提出的铬铁矿成矿模式,对铬铁矿的成矿过程有了进一步的认识。