IPCC AR6解读：全球和区域海平面变化的监测和预估

IPCC第六次评估报告第一工作组报告第九章综合评估了与海平面相关的最新监测和数值模拟结果,指出目前（2006—2018年）的海平面上升速率处于加速状态（3.7 mm/a),并会在未来持续上升,且呈现不可逆的趋势。其中低排放情景（SSP1-1.9）和高排放情景（SSP5-8.5）下,到2050年,预估全球平均海平面（GMSL）分别上升0.15~0.23 m和0.20~0.30 m;到2100年,预估GMSL分别上升0.28~0.55 m和0.63~1.02 m。南极冰盖不稳定性是影响未来海平面上升预估的最大不确定性来源之一。区域海平面变化是影响沿海极端静水位的重要因素。     

内蒙古地区决策气象服务满意度评价体系设计

文章依据内蒙古地区省级决策气象服务满意度评价工作的现状,提出决策气象服务满意度评价体系的一种设计方法,拟对今后提高决策气象服务用户满意度提供依据。     

Characteristics of carbonaceous particles in Beijing during winter and summer 2003

Campaigns were conducted to measure Organic Carbon (OC) and Elemental Carbon (EC) in PM2.5 during winter and summer 2003 in Beijing. Modest differences of PM2.5 and PM10 mean concentrations were observed between the winter and summer campaigns. The mean PM2.5/PM10 ratio in both seasons was around 60%, indicating PM2.5 contributed significantly to PM10. The mean concentrations of OC and EC in PM2.5 were 11.2±7.5 and 6.0±5.0μg m-3 for the winter campaign, and 9.4±2.1 and 4.3±3.0 μg m-3 for the summer campaign, respectively. Diurnal concentrations of OC and EC in PM2.5 were found high at night and low during the daytime in winter, and characterized by an obvious minimum in the summer afternoon. The mean OC/EC ratio was 1.87±0.09 for winter and Z39±0.49 for summer. The higher OC/EC ratio in summer indicates some formation of Secondary Organic Carbon (SOC). The estimated SOC was 2.8 μg m-3 for winter and 4.2μg m-3 for summer.     

球面定常行星波射线的变化与波列的分支

为了解释大气低频波列的结构特征,本文把慢变介质中波传播的理论应用于行星波.采用射线追踪方法,借助于几何直观,在波射线与纬线平行的纬度附近,讨论了波数ks的分布对波射线变化与波列分支的作用.并讨论了沿波射线路径波幅的变化.提出,在波数ks为极值的纬度附近,定常行星波列存在着明显的分支现象.在传播期间,波幅在分支纬度附近为极大值.这些结论与双测和模拟的结果是相当一致的.此外,本文还讨论了“大圆路径理论”的局限性.     

台风路径及频次与陕西关中秋淋天气相关分析

统计分析了1961～2003年西太平洋125°E以西的台风活动与陕西关中秋淋天气的关系。结果表明在秋淋偏多年份,同期台风路径以西行为主,秋季降水偏少年份,台风路径以北上、回转居多。     

The Impact Cooling of the Storm-Induced SST on Hurricane Intensity

The effects of storm-induced sea surface temperature （SST） cooling on hurricane intensity are investigated using a 5-day cloud-resolving simulation of Hurricane Bonnie （1998）. Two sensitivity simulations are performed in which the storm-induced cooling is either ignored or shifted close to the modeled storm track. Results show marked sensitivity of the model-simulated storm intensity to the magnitude and relative position with respect to the hurricane track. It is shown that incorporation of the storm-induced cooling, with an average value of 1.3℃, causes a 25-hPa weakening of the hurricane, which is about 20 hPa per 1℃ change in SST. Shifting the SST cooling close to the storm track generates the weakest storm, accounting for about 47% reduction in the storm intensity. It is found that the storm intensity changes are well correlated with the air-sea temperature difference. The results have important implications for the use of coupled hurricane-ocean models for numerical prediction of tropical cyclones.     

Decreasing Reference Evapotranspiration in a Warming Climate—A Case of Changjiang (Yangtze) River Catchment During 1970–2000

This study deals with temporal trends in the Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration estimated from standard meteorological observations, observed pan evaporation, and four related meteorological variables during 1970–2000 in the Yangtze River catchment. Relative contributions of the four meteorological variables to changes in the reference evapotranspiration are quantified. The results show that both the reference evapotranspiration and the pan evaporation have significant decreasing trends in the upper, the middle as well as in the whole Changjiang (Yangtze) River catchment at the 5% significance level, while the air temperature shows a significant increasing trend. The decreasing trend detected in the reference evapotranspiration can be attributed to the significant decreasing trends in the net radiation and the wind speed.     

渤海小高压的形成机制分析

对2006年7月3日一次典型的渤海小高压与切变线相互作用的天气过程进行了分析，初步探讨了渤海小高压的形成机制。渤海小高压是由于渤海特殊的地理位置造成的，它与南北支系统的相互作用、中低纬切变线的位置、日本海低涡中横槽的位置密切相关。渤海小高压的形成与其高低空的动力、热力条件关系密切，当华北到渤海地区没有明显的低空辐合和高空辐散，并受明显的干区、正的沙氏指数区、能量低值区控制时，容易形成渤海小高压。     

中国春季气温异常变率的非线性特征

运用一种基于神经网络的非线性主成分分析法(NLPCA)对中国1951-2003年53 a春季气温距平场进行分析,结果表明,春季气温异常变率具有显著的非线性特征,当非线性主元u分别取最大值和最小值时,对应的空间气温异常分布型具有显著的非对称性.