LURR's Twenty Years and its Perspective

Seismogenic process is a nonlinear and irreversible one, so that the response to loading of a seismogenic zone is different from the unloading one. This difference reflects quantitatively the process of an earthquake preparation. A physics-based new parameter-Load/Unload Response Ratio (LURR) was proposed to measure quantitatively the proximity to a strong earthquake and then used to be an earthquake predictor. In the present paper, a brief history of LURR is recalled; inspection of real earthquake cases, numerical simulations and laboratory studies of LURR, prediction efforts in terms of LURR, probability problem of LURR and its prospect are also expatiated.     

薄弱层设置耗能阻尼器支撑的钢框架模型振动台试验

设计制作了一个五层钢框架模型,在其第一层、第三层和第五层薄弱层分别设置摩擦阻尼器、粘弹性阻尼器和粘弹性-摩擦阻尼器等三种耗能阻尼器支撑,进行了罕遇地震和多遇地震下的振动台试验。试验结果表明,耗能阻尼器支撑能够有效地控制结构的地震反应。     

金平松林坡复合型金矿

松林坡金矿2002年新发现。矿体主要受浅成 超浅成侵入体及其内部和附近的断裂 裂隙系控制。多种控矿条件的复合、匹配对金矿成矿起制约作用:岩脉、岩体受断裂及两组以上断裂交汇控制,矿质来源、成矿流体来源多样化,矿(化)体明显具多种蚀变作用叠加特征。     

A Triassic large igneous province in the Pontides, northern Turkey: geochemical data for its tectonic setting

A strongly deformed and metamorphosed Triassic oceanic seamount(s) and plateau succession extends as an east–west belt for 1100 km along the Pontides of northern Turkey. This succession, known widely as the Nilüfer unit, consists mainly of metabasic lava and tuff–marble–phyllite association including tectonic slices of ultramafic rock and gabbro. According to the conodont findings the unit formed during the Early to Mid-Triassic, and the isotopic age data indicate that it underwent high-pressure greenschist facies metamorphism during the latest Triassic period. The metavolcanic rocks form over 80% of the sequence. The Nilüfer unit covers an area of 120,000 km², with the volume of mafic lava estimated as 2×10⁵ km³. Such a huge volcanic pile has erupted rapidly in a relatively short period during the Early to Mid-Triassic (approx. 10 Ma). Hypotheses for the origin of the Nilüfer unit include a ‘seamount’, ‘intra-arc and/or fore-arc basin’, ‘oceanic plateau’, and ‘Early Triassic rift’. The geochemistry of metabasites and that of relict magmatic clinopyroxenes indicate that there are two main mafic rock groups in the Nilüfer unit displaying tholeiitic and alkaline affinities. No metabasite and clinopyroxene sample display typical orogenic basalt affinity or a subduction signature. Geochemical data obtained in this study are consistent with the derivation of the metabasites from the topmost extrusive layers of an oceanic plateau (LIP) together with the volcanic rocks of seamount(s).     

川东黄龙场构造长兴组生物礁分布地震预测研究

在川东黄龙场构造内，利用测井资料和地震数据，通过多种地震信息处理手段（LANDMARK、STRATA等地震叠后反演平台）来提取长兴组地层中生物礁的异常信息，总结已知钻遇生物礁的地震响应特性，建立生物礁异常识别模式。并主要运用STRATA速度反演剖面来预测生物礁厚度变化的分布范围，勾绘出生物礁储层的厚度变化分布图。     

勐海布朗西定金矿成矿地质条件研究

勐海县布朗西定金矿为滇西近年来发现的重要金矿之一。矿床（体）主要受NW向断裂破碎带控制，热液蚀变特征、氧化淋滤富集明显。矿床成因主要为韧－脆性剪切带热液蚀变岩型。研究其成矿地质条件将对该区的找矿工作具有重要指导意义。     

Petrology and geochemistry of post-collisional Middle Eocene volcanic units in North-Central Turkey: Evidence for magma generation by slab breakoff following the closure of the Northern Neotethys Ocean

The Eocene volcano-sedimentary units of Northern Anatolia are confined into a narrow zone trending parallel to the Intra Pontide and İzmir–Ankara–Erzincan sutures, along which the northern branch of the Neotethys Ocean was closed during a period between Late Maastrichtian and Paleocene. The Middle Eocene formations overlie both the imbricated and highly deformed units of the suture zone, which are Paleocene or older in age, as well as the formations of adjacent continental blocks with a regional disconformity. Therefore, they can be regarded to be post-collisional. These units are composed of subaerial to shallow marine sedimentary beds (i.e. the Örencik formation) at the base and a subaerial volcanic unit (i.e. the Hamamözü formation) in the middle and at the top. This sudden facies change from marine to subaerial environment in the Middle Eocene is a common phenomenon across northern Turkey, implying that a regional uplift event occurred possibly across the suture zone before the initiation of the volcanism during Lutetian. The Middle Eocene lavas span the whole compositional range from basalts to rhyolites and display a calc-alkaline character except for alkaline to mildly-alkaline lavas from the top of the sequence. All lavas display a distinct subduction signature. Our geochemical data indicate that calc-alkaline lavas were derived from a subduction-modified source, whereas alkaline to mildly-alkaline lavas of the late stage were possibly sourced by an enriched mantle domain. Magmas evolved in magma chambers emplaced possibly at two different crustal levels. Magmas in deeper (> 13 km) and possibly larger chambers fractionated hydrous mafic minerals (e.g. amphibole and biotite), two pyroxenes and plagioclase and assimilated a significant amount of crustal material. Intermediate to acid calc-alkaline lavas and pyroclastics were derived from these chambers. Magmas in the shallower chambers, on the other hand (~ < 12 km), crystallized anhydrous mineral assemblages, assimilated little or no crustal material and fed basic to intermediate lavas in the region. Both deep and shallow chambers were periodically replenished by mafic magmas. We argue that a slab breakoff model explains better than any alternative model (i) why the volcanism during the Middle Eocene was confined into a rather narrow belt along the suture zone, (ii) why it initiated almost contemporaneous with a regional uplift after the continental collision event, (iii) why it postdated arc volcanism along the Pontides in the north by 15–20 My, (iv) why it assimilated significant amount of crustal material, and (v) why alkalinity of lavas increased in time.     

个体时空行为的规律性与可预测性研究——以上海市居民工作日活动为例

理解居民日常行为的规律性和随机性是空间行为研究从行为描述向行为预测推进的基础,对空间政策的制定具有重要意义。论文从上海市10个工作日的手机信令数据中提取个体的时空轨迹,从规律性的视角展开多方面分析。首先,根据活动的周期重现、前后联系等特征界定了无出行(包括仅有短距离出行)、仅有随机出行、有规律工作出行和有其他规律出行4种时空行为模式,发现后2种强规律性模式的人数、出行次数、出行距离的占比分别为49.3%、83.6%、82.0%。然后,测度了个体时空轨迹的熵值,推算出个体时空位置的平均可预测性高达0.84。这些结果均表明居民工作日的时空行为整体上具有非常强的规律性。在此基础上,论文还分析了不同行为模式、个体时空位置可预测性的空间分布,发现了强规律性模式人群在外围郊区密集分布等一系列特征,体现了城市空间环境的差异对行为特征和规律性的影响。     

Vehicle effects on seismic response of a simple‐span bridge during shake tests

Presence of vehicles on a bridge has been observed many times during past earthquakes. Although in practice, the engineers may or may not include the live load contribution to seismic weight in design, current bridge design codes do not specify a certain guideline. A very limited research has been conducted to address this issue from design point of view. The focus of this research is to experimentally assess the effect of a vehicle on the seismic response of a bridge through a large‐scale model. In this scope, a 12‐meter long bridge, having a one lane deck with concrete slab on steel girders, has been shaken under five different ground motions obtained from recent earthquakes that occurred in Turkey, in its transverse direction, both with and without a vehicle on top of the deck. The measured results have indicated that top slab transverse acceleration and bearing displacements can reduce up to 18.7% in presence of a vehicle during seismic tests, which is an indication of reduction in substructure forces. The main reason for the reduction in seismic response of the bridge in the presence of live load can be ascribed to the increase in damping of the system due to mass damper‐like action induced by the vehicle. This beneficial effect cannot be observed in vertical seismic response. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of shear‐dominated RC columns using the nonlinear truss analogy

This paper uses nonlinear truss models for the analysis of shear‐dominated reinforced concrete (RC) columns subjected to cyclic loading. A previously established method, aimed to the analysis of RC walls, is enhanced to allow simulations of column members. The concrete constitutive equations are modified to account for the contribution of the aggregate interlock to the shear resistance. Additionally, an equation is proposed to determine the inclination angle of the diagonal members in the truss models. The modeling approach is validated using the results of quasi‐static and dynamic tests on shear‐dominated RC columns. The combination of predictive capabilities and conceptual simplicity establishes truss‐based models as an attractive approach for the systematic analysis of shear‐dominated RC frame construction. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.